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Ubiquitous Computing: Beyond platforms,
beyond screens; the invisible computer
Shwetak N. Patel
http://ubicomplab.cs.washington.edu/
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Topics for Today
Review the history of ubiquitous computing (ubicomp)
Fundamental concepts
Important research themes
Ubicomp as an industry
Ubiquitous Computing Fundamentals
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The Plateau
Time
Use
r Pro
duct
ivity
Batch
Command Line
WIMP (Windows)
1940s – 1950s 1980s - Present 1960s – 1970s
?
?
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Paradigm: Ubiquitous Computing Person is no longer user of single device but
occupant of computationally-rich environment
Computers everywhere Desktops, laptops, tablets, mobile phones
Can no longer neglect macro-social aspects
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Innovator: Mark Weiser
CTO of Xerox PARC
Introduced notion of “calm technology” It’s everywhere, but recedes quietly into
background
“The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it.”
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Ubiquitous Computing
Move beyond the desktop
Computing is embedded everywhere in the environment
Technology supports a task The task should be the focus…not the
technology
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Crucial Elements
Location “If a computer knows merely what room it is in, it
can adapt it behavior in significant ways without requiring even a hint artificial intelligence.”
Scale
“Ubiquitous computers will also come in different sizes, each suited to a particular task.”
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Scales of devices
Tabs Inch scale
Pads Foot scale
Boards Yard scale
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Already a Reality
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Head Mounted Displays
Micro optical displays
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Three Research Themes in Ubicomp
1. Automated capture and access
2. Context-awareness
3. Natural/Implicit interaction
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1. Automated Capture
Motivation Record-taking is hard
Multiple streams of information need to be captured
Machines are better at some of these things than we are
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Examples
Meeting capture (e.g. Weiser,Xerox PARC)
Classroom 2000
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LiveBoard
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Classroom 2000
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2. Context-Aware Computing
Computing services sense the environment (location, user emotion,…) and tailor provided services
Walk into a meeting, phone is silenced
Requires sensor innovation Shwetak N. Patel - University of Washington
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Examples
Active Badge & PARCTab
Temperature adjusted automatically
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Sensing Techniques for Mobile Interaction
Energy Monitoring
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Augmented Reality
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The Georgia Tech Aware Home
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3. Natural/Implicit Interfaces
Making computing interfaces more natural interaction tools Pen input
Speech
Gesture
Tangible interfaces
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Examples
Pen applications
H. Ishii’s tangible UI work
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Hollywood Visions
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Ubicomp is…
Computing everywhere
Mobile computing
Wearable computing
Augmented reality
It is NOT virtual reality.
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Dangling String
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Where are we now?
Machine learning
Cloud computing
Mobile computing is a given
New opportunities for designers
Lots of sensors
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Environmental vs. Local Processing
Environmental Lower cost, lower power
Local Supports mobility
Privacy preserving
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Remaining Challenges
Ease of deployment/install
Security/privacy
Power
Engineering challenges At odds with traditional engineering practices
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Battery Trends
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Low-power Wireless Sensing
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Power Harvesting
Mechanical Inertial/Motion-based Magnetic Inductive coupling RF power harvesting Thermoelectrics Piezoelectrics Resonator
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Leverage Existing Sensors and Infrastructure
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Home Health Mobile Health
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Smartphones
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Internet of Things (IOT)
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Questions?
Thanks!
