UAVs as Communications Routing UAVs as Communications Routing Nodes in NetworkNodes in Network--Centric Warfare Centric Warfare

Peter RigstadPeter RigstadLL--3 Communications Systems 3 Communications Systems –– WestWest

Salt Lake City, UtahSalt Lake City, UtahEmail: peter.m.rigstad@LEmail: peter.m.rigstad@L--3com.com3com.com

Unmanned Unmanned Systems Systems

2003 2003 SymposiumSymposium

& & ExhibitionExhibition

July 15July 15--17, 2003 17, 2003 Baltimore Convention Baltimore Convention

Center Center

AUVSIAUVSI’’ss

2

AgendaAgenda

•• IntroductionIntroduction•• Common Data LinkCommon Data Link•• Unmanned Aerial Vehicles as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles as

Communications NodesCommunications Nodes•• Data Network ProtocolsData Network Protocols•• Managing the UAV Platform in an Managing the UAV Platform in an

Autonomous, SelfAutonomous, Self--Healing NetworkHealing Network•• SummarySummary

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LL--3 Communications Systems3 Communications Systems--WestWest

•• High speed wireless data High speed wireless data linkslinks

•• High bandwidth and robust High bandwidth and robust operation in hostile operation in hostile environmentsenvironments

•• Enabling fast decision Enabling fast decision loopsloops

•• Multiplying force Multiplying force effectivenesseffectiveness

•• Data links become Data links become increasingly valuableincreasingly valuable

4

Linking Sensors and ShootersLinking Sensors and Shooters

Sensor grid

Information grid

Shooter grid

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Network Centric WarfareNetwork Centric Warfare

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AA--CDLCDL

CDL/TCDLCDL/TCDL

U.S. AIR FORCE

SESE--CDLCDL

Evolving CDL SpecificationsEvolving CDL Specifications

MPMP--CDLCDL

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CDL InteroperabilityCDL Interoperability

CDLCDL

CDLCDL

Air ForceAir Force

NavyNavyArmyArmy

•• Jam ResistantJam Resistant•• Covert (LPI & LPD)Covert (LPI & LPD)•• Reliable and EffectiveReliable and Effective

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Simple Point to Point Data LinkSimple Point to Point Data Link

ExploitationExploitationSurfaceSATCOMSurface

SATCOMAir-to-Satellite-to-Surface

waveformAir-to-Satellite-to-Surface

waveform

AirborneSATCOM Data Link

AirborneSATCOM Data LinkSensor

Airborne Line-of-Sight

Data Link

Airborne Line-of-Sight

Data Link

Air-to-Groundwaveform

Air-to-Groundwaveform

SurfaceData LinkSurface

Data LinkCommand

and ControlCmd and Control

Direct flight maneuver control

Direct flight maneuver control

Sensor Data

Sensor Data

Sensor Data

Sensor Data

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CDL CDL –– Data Links to Data NetworksData Links to Data Networks

Layer 7Application

Layer 6Presentation

Layer 5Session

Layer 4Transport

Layer 3Network

Layer 2Data Link

Layer 1Physical

EncodersInterleavers

MuxingSpreadingBit Timing

Link MarginsTracking

Bulk EncryptionModulation

AGC

Legacy CDL:Legacy CDL:Government Standard Government Standard

Waveforms for Wideband Waveforms for Wideband Point to Point Data Links Point to Point Data Links

Layer 7Application

Layer 6Presentation

Layer 5Session

Layer 4Transport

Layer 3Network

Layer 2Data Link

Layer 1Physical

Standard DataFormats

SNMP SystemControl

IP Mobility

TCP/UDP

NetworkSecurity

NetworkManager

IP Routing

Ethernet User IF

ATM User IF

High SpeedSwitching

CDL (2001):CDL (2001):Government Standard Waveforms Government Standard Waveforms

and Protocols for Wideband and Protocols for Wideband Network Centric Communication Network Centric Communication

SystemsSystems

The information contained herein is generally accessible or avaiThe information contained herein is generally accessible or available to the public as described in the ITAR lable to the public as described in the ITAR 22CFR 120.11.22CFR 120.11.

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Data Links to Data NetworksData Links to Data NetworksPh

ysic

al

Laye

rD

ata

Link

La

yer

RF MediaMod/Demod

CodingMuxing/IntLegacy IF

Use

r

Dat

a Li

nkC

ontr

olEF

C/E

FD

RF MediaMod/Demod

CodingMuxing/IntLegacy IF

Dat

a Li

nkC

ontr

olEF

C/E

FD

Use

r

Surface SideAirborne Side

Physical Layer

Data Link Layer

Application Layer

Transport LayerNetwork Layer

RF Media

NetworkFraming

IP

USE

R D

ATA

TR

AFF

ICEFC/EFD

IP

UDP

SNMP

User Side Mobile Node

RF Media

EFC/EFD

IP

RF Media

Network FramingLayer 2 Switching

IP InteroperabilityLayer 3 Mobile Routing

EFC/EFD

IP

UDPUDP

SNMP v1-3

Migration

Open Systems Interconnect Reference ModelSupporting a DoD Network-Centric Transformational Communications Strategy

11

UAV RelayUAV Relay

Data rates range from Data rates range from 2 Mbps to 1Gbps2 Mbps to 1Gbps

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UAV RelayUAV Relay

Data RelayData Relay

Communications Trunk

Communications TrunkLow power radio relayLow power radio relay

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UAV RelayUAV Relay

Low power radio relayLow power radio relayDirectDirect

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UAV as Surrogate SatelliteUAV as Surrogate Satellite

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UAV Communications BridgeUAV Communications Bridge

•• Deep reconnaissance missionsDeep reconnaissance missions•• Supports dissimilar radiosSupports dissimilar radios•• Provides line of sight extensionsProvides line of sight extensions

RadioType 1

NetworkRouter

Voiceover IP

Gateway

RadioType 2

Voiceover IP

Gateway

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UAV BroadcastingUAV Broadcasting

Broadcasting with a high Broadcasting with a high powered transmitterpowered transmitter

Situational Situational awareness awareness datadata

Video Video BroadcastBroadcast

Interactive Interactive conferenceconference

ManpackManpack

Audi

o re

turn

link

Audi

o re

turn

link

17

•• Remote network equipment or payload Remote network equipment or payload sensor management and monitoringsensor management and monitoring

•• Can implement standard user control Can implement standard user control interfaces such as HP OpenViewinterfaces such as HP OpenView

•• In flight maintenance actions from In flight maintenance actions from anywhere on the networkanywhere on the network

Networking UAV PayloadsNetworking UAV Payloads

:Camera:Camera>Start>Start

NetworkNetworkInterface andInterface and

RoutingRoutingData LinkData LinkTerminalTerminal

NetworkNetworkManagementManagement

Cleared for Public Domain Release by Directorate for Freedom of Cleared for Public Domain Release by Directorate for Freedom of Information and Information and Security Review (DFOISR) 00Security Review (DFOISR) 00--SS--16031603

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RF Media Access ManagerRF Media Access Manager

•• Relative node position calculationsRelative node position calculations•• Antenna pointing Antenna pointing •• Channel assignmentsChannel assignments•• Handles a hostile environment recognizing Handles a hostile environment recognizing

jamming and physical assaultjamming and physical assault•• Link outage managementLink outage management•• Topology ManagementTopology Management•• Quick ConvergenceQuick Convergence

U.S. AIR FORCE

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Complementary LayersComplementary Layers

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Emerging NCW TechnologiesEmerging NCW Technologies

•• Software Programmable Data LinksSoftware Programmable Data Links•• MultiMulti--beam Antennasbeam Antennas•• Smaller, Lighter Communications EquipmentSmaller, Lighter Communications Equipment•• Lower Power ConsumptionLower Power Consumption•• More Secure CommunicationsMore Secure Communications•• Easier to Manage LinksEasier to Manage Links•• Self Healing NetworksSelf Healing Networks•• Automatic Network Discovery with Automatic Network Discovery with

AuthenticationAuthentication•• Seamless RoamingSeamless Roaming•• Constant ConnectivityConstant Connectivity

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SummarySummary

•• UAVs UAVs –– ISR & C PlatformsISR & C Platforms

•• Move the switching and routing backbone Move the switching and routing backbone into the skyinto the sky–– FlexibleFlexible–– ReliableReliable–– DurableDurable–– ManageableManageable

•• Easier to deployEasier to deploy•• Connects widely dispersed forcesConnects widely dispersed forces•• Covers fastCovers fast--paced operationspaced operations•• No ground backbone to maneuverNo ground backbone to maneuver

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Backup SlidesBackup Slides

23

Physical

Presentation

Physical

Control Plane Control Plane

Presentation

Session Session

Transport Transport

Data Link

Network

Data Plane

Application(SNMP)

Application(SNMP)

UAV as a GatewayUAV as a Gateway

Could be a different waveform Could be a different waveform (frequency and/or modulation) (frequency and/or modulation)

Can be different Can be different Protocols / Frame Protocols / Frame TypesTypes

Enables Enables communications communications between different between different networksnetworks

•• Provides an interface Provides an interface between IP networks and between IP networks and legacy systemslegacy systems•• Reformat nonReformat non--network data network data into IP data flowsinto IP data flows•• Necessary to support Necessary to support gradual introduction and gradual introduction and evolution strategy evolution strategy

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Notional Communications GatewayNotional Communications Gateway

•• Provide Interoperability between Provide Interoperability between Tactical & ISR SystemsTactical & ISR Systems

MPMP--CDLCDL

U.S. AIR FORCE

•• Software Programmable Software Programmable Implementation Implementation

JTIDSJTIDS

WDLWDL

TTNTTTNT

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Physical

Presentation

Physical

Control Plane Control Plane

Presentation

Session Session

Transport Transport

Data Link

Network

Data Plane

Application(SNMP)

Application(SNMP)

UAV as a RouterUAV as a Router

text

Can be different Can be different Protocols / Frame Protocols / Frame TypesTypes

Enables Enables communications communications between different between different networksnetworks

•• UAV provides highUAV provides high--speed IP speed IP routing across multiple links routing across multiple links and multiple channels, and is and multiple channels, and is an enabler for building larger an enabler for building larger wireless radio networks wireless radio networks between dissimilar networksbetween dissimilar networks•• Manages Data FlowManages Data Flow

U.S. AIR FORCE

text