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UAV – Technologie – 2 Wykład 6

Zdobyslaw Goraj

Warsaw, 7.04.2020

2 Z.Goraj - Design aspects of UAV

platforms ...

Why 2-booms, pusher configuration is so popular?

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Manufactures usually offer families of UAVs,

each with similar configurations and design features

after Jay Gundlach

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General Atomics – a good example of the family

for different surveillance application

Common features

Rear engine/propeller

High aspect ratio wings

Canted tails

Retractable landing gear

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Empty & maximum payload mass fractions for

fixed-wing UAVs

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Empty & maximum payload mass fractions for

VTOL UAVs

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Power-to-weight (inverse to power loading) for

conventional wing-tail configuration

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Example of potential VTOL configurations

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Conventional twin-boom pushers are very popular

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Why 2-booms, pusher configuration is so popular?

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IAI - UAV systems Development

1980 1990 1985 2000 1995 2005

Scout II

Pioneer

Ranger

Searcher

Searcher II

Hunter

Heron1 / Eagle1

Heron2 / Eagle2

Firebird

E-Hunter

I-View

1970

Scout I

HALE

Operational

Tactical

Micro / Mini UAV

50 K / 150 K

MALE

HA-50

Organic Development/Demonstration

Operational customer

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Primary wing system configuration

DraganFly TANGO

Rutan’s Proteus

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Conventional system configuration - examples

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Flying wing UAVs

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Single-attach point tail configuration

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Twin-boom tail configurations

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Fuselage externally mounted jet engine

configurations

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Pusher engine installation options

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Push-pull engine designs

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Push-pull-redundant engine design

WUT PW103 Configuration

WUT PW103 Internal Layout

Maximum Takeoff Weight

Basic Empty Weight

Fuel Weight

Payload Weight

Span

Reference Area

Propulsion Type

Propulsion

Flight Altitude

Total Endurance

kg

kg

kg

kg

m

m 2

kft

hr

930

488

225

217

12 . .6

10 . 22

Piston

20

42

TAE 125

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Morphing vehicle (multi-role)

Highest

aspect ratio

=20°, A=7

High

speed

shape

=70°

A=3

Ref: AIAA-2004-6597

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Example of air-lunched UAVs

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Horizontal surface arresting cable elements and forces

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Icing – serious hazard for any UAV

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Anti-icing de-icing technologies

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Sensitivity to gust One important feature of a UAV is its sensitivity to gust conditions. The lower the sensitivity, the better the design.

Low sensitivity to gust can be achieved by high wing loading mg/S (high mg/S lowh W/Wg low low n

low sensitivity). It follows directly from the mathematical model expressed by equations (1-4).

V

WWg , (1)

L

gC

V

WWSVWm

2

21 , (2)

g

LL WV

CqSW

V

CqSWm

, (3)

tVm

CSq

g

L

eW

W

1,. (4)

because

highis

ee

eandlowisethenhighisS

mgif

gm

SFt

Vm

CSq

tVm

CSq

gm

SF

L

L

*

* 11

and

tVm

CSq

g

L

eW

W

1 is low and is low and load coefficient “n” is low.

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Small aircraft are sensitive to gust ...

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How does the gust

response change versus

wing loading ...

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What can we do to be more resistant to gust?

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Turbulence in Ground proximity

Melbourne, Watkins

Reuters

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Strakes (LEX) are applied not only on military aircraft

PW – C.Galinski & J.Mieloszyk

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The sequence of events induced after encountering a gust

After Abdulghani Mohamed et al.

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MONICA_1 – a Conceptual Design

Q/S= 35/0.92 = 38 kg/m2

Q/P= 35/17.5 = 2 kg/hp

Endurance - 5

MTOW – 35 kg

Thick slotted airfoil (SA-21 type)

Vs - 33 m/s

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After Critical Design Review we have decided

change the mind ... and cancel MONICA_1

1. Too heavy aircraft, demanding a high energy catapult

2. There is no need to have 2 h endurance

3. Smaller payload (MONICA_1 had 10 kg payload)

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MONICA_2 – more classical & lighter version

TV colour

camera

Autopilot

Battery

Receiver

Sensors

Modem

Canon EOS 700D

+ Lens Canon 28 mm

Camera Control System

Power Supply System

Recovery Parachute

Fuel Tank - 4 l Volume

Piston-prop engine DLE-60

Power 5,5 hp; 8500 r/min

4 blade propeller, =13”

Left elevon

Rudder

Nose skid Main skid - quick exchangeable

Right elevon

Wing tip protection

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What will change in the future? The use of UAVs as a core system in the “Coalition

Warfare” concept, requires the expansion of the

UAV characteristics space in all dimensions. persistence

safety

reliability

connectivity

survivability

operability

Future state

Current state

Długotrwałość w trzymaniu osiągów

i zdolności operacyjnej

Łączność z innymi UAV

Regular and irregular hexagon