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UNIT 1Section 2.3
Carbon Compounds
A. CARBON COMPOUNDS
1. Organic compounds-any substance structurally containing Carbon
a) Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen are usually bonded to Carbon
B. LARGE CARBON MOLECULES
1. Monomer: single molecular unit2. Polymer:3. Macromolecule:
C. MOLECULES OF LIFE
1. 4 organic compound classifications:a) Carbohydrates (_______)b) Proteins (_________)c) Lipids (_______)d) Nucleic Acids (_______)
D. CARBOHYDRATES
1. Carbohydrates (Carbs.): made of ___________2. Name of Carb will end in “ose”3. 3 types
a) Monosaccharidesb) Disaccharidesc) Polysaccharides
D. CARBOHYDRATES
4. Monosaccharide:a) Monomer of carbsb) Simple Sugarc) Example: _________
___________ is used for energy to do cell activities
D. CARBOHYDRATES
5. Disaccharides:a. Two Monosaccharidesb. Double sugarc. Example: Sucrose=
E. CARBOHYDRATES
6. Polysaccharide:a) Three or more monosaccharidesb) Example: _______(stored sugar)
c. Glycogen – animal starch• Stored in liver and
muscles to provide power and regulate blood sugar levels.
d. Plant starch • Stores energy for
future use. Example: potatoes & carrots
e. Cellulose• Makes up cell
walls: plants• Strength, rigidity,
flexibility: plants
f. Chitin – exoskeletons of insects
7. FOODS THAT HAVE LOTS OF CARBOHYDRATES FALL INTO 2 CATEGORIES
a. Simple carbs Sugars Highly processed
grains – white bread, white rice, & pasta
b. Complex carbs Whole grain foods,
fruits and vegetables
E. PROTEINS
1. Used to carry out cell activities like: Muscle contraction Biological reactions Enzymes Antibodies Transportation Structure and Support
E. PROTEINS2. Amino Acids: the
building blocks of proteins
a) R-Group- 20 differentb) Changing the R-Group
will change the shape of protein, changing the protein’s _________
E. PROTEINS
3. Peptide Bond: bond formed between _______________
4. Polypeptide: _______ Amino Acids bonded together
F. LIPIDS
1. Lipids (fats): large, nonpolar organic molecules that do not dissolve in water
2. Store energy efficiently3. Fatty Acids: building blocks of lipids
FATTY ACID
G. LIPIDSb) Triglycerides:
Provides more energy than carbs & proteins
c) Phospholipids: Forms cell membrane
PHOSPHOLIPID
G. LIPIDS
d) Waxes: Structural lipids, waterproof, used for
protection
e) Steroids: Makes up hormones & cholesterol
H. NUCLEIC ACIDS
1. Nucleic Acids: contain genetic (hereditary) information
Composed of ________ (monomers) DNA (polymer): RNA (polymer):