Tyre Performance Enhancement with Plasticising Oils

SGF Meeting, Södertälje, November 18-19, 2014

Tyre Performance Enhancement with

Plasticising Oils

Dr. Markus Hoffmann

NYNAS AB

About Nynas

Nynas is the largest specialty oil producer in Europe

Offices in more than 30 countries around the globe

Net Sales: 3 Billion USD

Average number of employees: 860

Refineries in Nynäshamn (SE), Gothenurg (SE), Harburg

(DE), Eastham JV (UK), Antwerp JV (BE), Isla JV (Curacao)

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Extended Capacity

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Addition of the Harburg refinery in Germany in January 2014

350 000 tonnes increased capacity of specialty oils

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Global Oil Consumption

Other Lubricants, 97%

(39 Mio tons / y)

Lubricants, 1% including

motor oils, base oils,

process oils, tyre oils

Tyre oils, 3%

(1.3 Mio tons / y)

Only 0.03% of

total global oil

demand

3.9 Billion tons / y

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Which oils are used in rubber goods?

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MES

Heavy Naphthenics

TDAE

RAE

TRAE

SRAE

Naphthenic Black Oil

DAE

Paraffinic

Gr I, Gr II, Gr III

Vegetable Oils

Polymer – Oil Compatibility

EPDM, IIR

BR, NR

SBR

CR

(H)NBR

PVC

PAR

NAP

Polarity

TDAE

Phthalates (DINP)

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Refining of Rubber

Process Oils

Group I Oil Refining

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Naphthenic Oil Refining at Nynas


Viscosity @ 40 °C: 3 - 700 cSt

Sulphur < 15 ppm – 0.9%

Aromatics: 0 – 12 %

Solvent Extraction

Processing

VI: ~ 80-100

Max. visc. @ 40 °C: ~1000 cSt

Sulphur ~1 %

Severe Hydrogen

Processing

VI: ~80-120

Max. visc. @ 40 °C: 100 cSt

Sulphur < 10 ppm

Severe Hydrogen

Processing /

Wax Isomerization VI: >120

Max. visc. @ 40 °C: 50 cSt

Sulphur < 5 ppm

Group I Group II Group III

New capacities Group II, II+, III Group I refineries closing

~ 67% of process oils used in tyre

production are based on Group I

technology

~ 33% of process oils used

in tyre production based on

hydrotreating technology

Refining Trends

Higher quality engine oils and fuels


Health, Safety and

Environmental Legislations

more than 1 ppm of

or, more than 10 ppm of the sum of all listed PAHs

1907/2006/EC (REACH), Annex XVII, Entry 50

Extender oils shall not be placed on the market, or used for production of

tires or parts of tires if they contain:


Commission Regulation (EU) No 1272/2013

amending 1907/2006/EC (REACH)

Articles shall not be placed on the market for supply to the general

public, if any of their rubber or plastic components that come into direct

as well as prolonged or short-term repetitive contact with the human

skin or the oral cavity, under normal or reasonably foreseeable

conditions of use, contain more than 1 mg/kg (0.5 mg/kg for toys) of

any of the listed PAHs.


Tire Labelling

EU

Label in 2012

US

Label on its way?

Japan

Mandatory label in

place

Brazil

Draft legislation filed

Korea

Mandatory label from

Nov. 2012


Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009

Key Performance Parameters for Tyres

Rolling Resistance (Fuel Economy)

Wet Grip (Road Safety)

Noise Emissions

Tread Wear


Case Study: Truck

Fleet: 100 trucks and trailers

13 SEK per Liter average diesel price

200 000 km annual milage

30 Liter per 100 Km fuel consumption

On heavy vehicles such as trucks, the rolling resistance

accounts for up to 40 percent of the energy consumed

60% on trailer axle

25% drive axle

15% steering axle

2.4 Million liters diesel eaten by the rolling

resistance of the tires, corresponding to 31 MSEK

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Tire Labelling: How to get better ratings?

Raw Materials

Process

Equipment Tyre Design

& Modeling


Contribution of Chemistry

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Rolling Resistance

Low styrene

Low vinyl

ESBR/CB SSBR/silica funct-SSBR/silica

Wet Grip

High styrene

High vinyl

High Tg

Abrasion

Low Tg

High cis-BR

CB

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Rubber Test

Rubber Test

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How do commercially available oils perform with the new types of S-

SBRs?

Functionalized (chain-end modified) SSBR in this test:

Styrene content: 21 wt.%

Vinyl content: 62.5 wt.%

Mooney: 68

Tg: -25 °C

Tire Tread Formulation

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Oil Properties

Mooney Viscosity

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Curing Time

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Scorch Time

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Hardness (Shore A)

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Tensile Strength

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Elongation at Break

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Modulus

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Tear Strength

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Rebound Resilience

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Filler Dispersion (Light Microscopy)

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DIN Abrasion

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tan δ – temperature sweep

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DMA

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Wet Grip Rolling Resistance


DMA

Fuel E

cono

my

Wet Grip

Naphthenic

Black Oil

TDAE / MES

Getting the balance right

better

better

DAE

RAE


Refining Trends

Low PAH legislation leads to a phase-out of DAE

High-performance engine oil requirements lead to Group I oil

refinery closures (affected oils: DAE, RAE, MES, TDAE)

Demand for Naphthenics and Gr II, III Paraffinics will increase

Tire tread compounds with Naphthenic Black Oil (Nytex 4700) show

a superior performance in terms of fuel saving and hence help cutting

CO2 emissions.

Today’s portfolio of low-PAH tire oils provides an excellent toolbox to

steer the balance between rolling resistance and wet grip.

Conclusions

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Thank you for your attention.


Nynas Group Head Office

P.O. Box 10700

SE-121 29 Stockholm

Sweden

Tel. +46-8-602 12 00

[email protected]

www.nynas.com/tyreoils

Documents

Tyre Performance Enhancement with Plasticising Oils