TYPOLOGY HISTORY - WordPress.com · TYPOLOGY HISTORY | Patricia R Martinez For many individuals with a variety of conditions, specialized Assisted Living Facilities can offer a more

IND 5626 PROJECT PROGRAMMING | ASSIGNMENT 3 | PROJECT TYPOLOGY – HISTORY & TRENDS

TYPOLOGY HISTORY | Patricia R Martinez

For many individuals with a variety of conditions, specialized

Assisted Living Facilities can offer a more dignified option and

comfort ability to spend those final times in hands of professional

care givers trained and focused in helping patients and family

members to ease out such important period. My master project

will be about Assisted Living Facilities specialized in the care and

treatment of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. A center like this is

supported by the principle of Healthcare. A combination of this

typology and hospitality philosophy will provide the basis for the

comfort of its users.

Since the beginning of civilizations, establishments to provide rest

and care to travelers have existed in Europe, the Middle East and

Asia. The Greeks and Romans were the first ones to create baths,

mansions and villages for leisure, recuperation and healing. With

the time, décor and design become crucial items as the built

environment became an important aspect of the healing

process, especially in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. On the

other hand, the Healthcare industry has had a tremendous

evolution since the times in which health problems were treated

with home remedies; and physicians were only consulted in life

threatening cases. The way the Healthcare system is designed in

the United States has been the reason of many debates. The

reason being for this is that almost all wealthy nations provide

universal health care, being the US an exception to this. Different

social, economic, political and cultural conditions are the main

causes for this situation, but the cost is the crucial issue that

interferes with a more public and accessible healthcare system in

US. Even though Healthcare is seen as a human right by many, in

the United States it is difficult to provide it to all.

The increase in the life expectancy has provoked an increased number

of third age citizens, many of them suffering from Alzheimer’s disease.

Since this is a disease that attacks the brain many of its fundamental

symptoms are related to dementia, extreme memory loss and altered

behavior. For this reason this type of patients need constant

supervision. In many cases people that suffer from this condition find

themselves in the need to enter ALFs for a variety of reasons. Either they

don’t have a caregiver available at all or the caregiver is unable to

provide the necessary care as, in the majority of cases, the caregiver

has to work full time. Assisted Living Facility has become one of the

most common methods to care for this type of patients and constitutes

already an emerging industry in high rise.

The cost per capita for ALF residents is what worsens even more the

situation. Some basic statistics that shows that Assisted living facility

residents agree to pay a monthly rent, which can range from less than

$2,000 to $6,000 a month. According to a 2012 MetLife survey, the

average cost of an assisted living facility in the U.S. is $3,550 a month, or

$42,600 a year. The highest average monthly cost was in Washington,

DC, at $5,933 a month while the lowest was in Arkansas (except for

Little Rock) at $2,355 a month. The previously stated figures show how

inaccessible this kind of service may become for some.

As interior designers, we cannot resolve the cost issue, but we can

focus on work on helpful designs, using the built environment as

another tool or better called non drug treatment that mark a

difference for these type of patients and Assisted Living Facilities

residents in general. Interior design could be a valuable tool in the

treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Creating interiors with the adequate

characteristics could make the care of these patients a way easier task

for healthcare staff and family members and above all, increasing the

quality of life of ad patients.


TYPOLOGY HISTORY | Patricia R Martinez


PRECEDENT 1 | Patricia R Martinez

Figure 1

Architects: PARALLELE

Location: Carvin, France Area: 7400.0 sqm Year: 2012

Photographs: Laurent Dequick

Establishment for

Dependent Elderly

The project located at the city of Carvin, France was built in 2012. The clear intention was to provide the elderly with a

contemporary, modern and dynamic environment that can be perceived even before entering the building by its

exterior clean and simplistic lines. The building has a total of 125 beds. They are allocated as follows:

90 beds “traditional” accommodation 30 beds in living

5 Alzheimer patients



Figure 3

Figure 2

The City of Carvin has prepared a new urban plan

which Parallel architect tried to reflect in this

project.

- Create a building that is a life project, offering activities and multiple spaces for each hour, day, season. - Highlight the many strengths of the site link with adjoining

project views, street and square as possible (communication area), liaison with neighboring school. The following criteria have guided us in the development of this project:

- Establish contact between the

internal life of the institution and the

City.

- Optimization of operation

- Streamlining the cost

- Closeness of the land parcel



Figure 4

Figure 6

Parallel architects took the following

considerations to use the space characteristics to contribute to the users well-being

- Develop a series of outdoor spaces on a

human scale: gardens, terraces accessible (from salons).

- Provide easy orientation for the visitor and user.

- Propose glass parts in the internal circulation to bring the landscape inside the building, and provide perspectives on the outside. The building is more

transparent in all areas of life. The dining south are protected from the sun by awnings, external blinds and air conditioning. Their situation gives them an exclusive view of the colorful gardens.

- Materialize and prioritize traffic to facilitate orientation. Color and designs soil attend

the orientation. Axes, linearity circulations, breakthrough natural light.

Figure 5

Figure 7 IND 5626 PROJECT PROGRAMMING | ASSIGNMENT 3 | PROJECT TYPOLOGY – HISTORY & TRENDS


Patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease are incapable of performing their basic activities for their daily living due to the dementia the disease provokes. It has been demonstrated by recent studies than neutral colors,

visual contact with the exterior and easy to navigate interiors can be key to alleviate their behavioral problems, the agitation and the anxiety patients with this condition often suffer.



Figure 8 Ground Floor

Figure 9 First Floor Figure 10 Second Floor Figure 11 Third Floor

The program of the building proposes a building of three levels. The whole unit

has been divided into two separate masses allowing more visibility to the

outdoors from a bigger number of spaces.

Extra outdoor areas created by

the shape of the building that

come to reinforce the relationship Interior/Exterior.

Linear Organizational System



Architects: Atelier Lopes da Costa Location: Santo Tirso, Portugal

Project Date: 2007-2009 Photographs: Manuel Aguiar

Elderly Residential Building

This project consists on two building located

perpendicular one an other in a “T” formation. The longest part contains

common and administrative

areas as well as most of the bedrooms, which we can

see in Figure 13 they all have a balcony which facilitates the interaction with Nature,

well known to promote

healing and well-being to patients.

Figure 12

Figure 14

Figure 13



Figure 15

Figure 18

Figure 17

Figure 16

This figures evidence the intention of the interior

architecture of providing an environment easy to read and

navigate using neutral colors, clean lines, good illumination

and ample windows. The indoor pool in Figure 16 is used for hydrotherapy and leisure.



This Residential Home consists of - 60 bedrooms (of

three different

types) - Areas for

management - Administrative

services - Staff facilities

- Living and activity areas

- Dining and service areas (kitchen, pantry, laundry and backing

facilities) - Health and

Hydrotherapy areas

- Technical areas (storage rooms

and garage)

Green areas involve the whole set integrating all the paths and shade lounging areas.

Figure 19

Figure 20 Figure 21

The shape of the building was conditioned by the construction site contour.

Linear Organizational System



Figure 22

Figure 24

Figure 23

Day Center For Alzheimer’s Patients. Alicante

Spain

Architects: Luis Navarro, Carlos Sánchez, Ángel Martínez Location: 03660 Novelda, Alicante, Spain Year: 2011

Photographs: Luis Navarro + Ángel Martínez

This project is consist on the adaptation and reformation of an existing building in the city of Novelda, Alicante Spain. We realize that architecture can not cure diseases. But we can help, by our actions, contribute to improve the conditions in which Alzheimer’s patients and their caregivers day to day. http://www.archdaily.com/450249/day-center-for-alzheimer-s-patients-luis-navarro-jover-carlos-sanchez-garcia-angel-

martinez-garcia/



Figure 27

Figure 26

Figure 25

Figure 28

The linear organizational system as

well as the clear signage design used by the architects has the objective to facilitate the orientation and circulation of the users. Figures 27 and 28 show the wide, free or clutter halls of the facility as well as

the contrasting red color used to emphasize where doors and alternative routs are located, all fundamental qualities for legibility in spaces inhabited by Alzheimer’s patients.



Figure 29

Figure 30

Figure 31

The building consists

on two floors proposing the following

- adaptation and

adjustment of the interior spaces to comply with the minimum requirements - removal of architectural

obstacles for better

legibility and circulation

- construction of an annex building containing

- stimulation

classrooms - multipurpose room - dining room - gym

Linear Organizational System Small “patios” to increase Indoor/Outdoor Relationship



Figure 32 Figure 33

Figure 31

Alzheimer residence for the “Foyer la Grange”

Architects: Mabire Reich Location: Couëron, France

Area: 906.0 sqm Year: 2014

Photographs: Sylvain Bonniol

This building, has been designed specifically for Alzheimer’s patients, that is why the architects chose this privileged spot that offers views to the nearby small village and pine forest as well as the admired

Loire Valley from the upper floors. The attractiveness of this views as supposed to constitute familiar benchmarks for disoriented residents. Legibility of the exteriors accentuated by the light arrangement.



Figure 34 Figure 38 Figure 37

Figure 36 Figure 35

The indoor areas reflect the homelike approach widely seen in projects oriented to host Alzheimer’s disease patients. In this case they have use distinctive colors (gold and pink) and a subtle pattern to create benchmarks for disoriented patients. All the areas in Figures

35 to 38 look well illuminated which is also fundamental for this kind of patients.



Figure 43 Figure 41

Figure 40 Figure 39

Figures 40 and 41 show the simplicity and calmed beauty of the light fixtures used. Also the rows of recessed lights along the hallways to contribute to way

finding in Figure 39. Figure 41 show the generous spaces which contributes to the legibility of the space enclosed by wood paneled walls which adds warmth to

the setting.



Figure 44

Figure 45

Figure 46 Figure 47

The building marked

with the green arrow in Figure 47 is the one

that occupy the patients rooms in this

project. Again the intention of

the architect is to provide as much as

possible to the patients the possibility

to interact with the exterior outdoor

spaces. They have created a sort of an

interior patio that allows also the

possibility to wander (which is very

common in patients with Alzheimer’s

disease).

The disposition of the patients

rooms in two buildings allows a higher number of windows increasing the flow or natural light and air(operable windows) throughout the space.


SYNTHESIS & ANALYSIS | Patricia R Martinez

- Use of Linear Organization Systems to promote clear circulation

- Increase as much as possible the relationship Interior/Exterior in order to

- Create flow of natural light - Create flow of natural air (operable

windows) - Create benchmarks using

attractiveness of the views to help orientation

- Prevent disorientation in Time and

Place

- Make appropriate use of color and pattern to create the “right” amount of stimulation

- Use of lighting as Way finding & facilitate circulation. Importance of Natural & Artificial light.

- Be aware of acoustics when selecting materials and place devices that help maintain the noise controlled

- Signage considerations (size/placement/illumination/amount)

- Privacy considerations. Layout & materials

Based on the exploration of

the four Precedent Studies

previously exposed, some

designing guidelines have

surfaced, that I will make full

use of when developing my

project.


WORK CITED | Patricia R Martinez

Word Cited

Establishment for Dependent Elderly / PARALLELE. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from

http://www.archdaily.com/533102/establishment-for-dependent-elderly-parallele/

Specific Care and Assistance Plan for Alzheimer's Disease (PLASA). (n.d.). Specific Care and Assistance

Plan for Alzheimer's Disease. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from

http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00480220

Elderly Residential Building / Atelier Lopes da Costa. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from

http://www.archdaily.com/483336/elderly-residential-building-atelier-lopes-da-costa/

Day Center For Alzheimer’s Patients / Luis Navarro + Carlos SÃ¡nchez + Ã•ngel MartÃnez. (n.d.). ArchDaily.

Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/450249/day-center-for-alzheimer-s-

patients-luis-navarro-jover-carlos-sanchez-garcia-angel-martinez-garcia/

Alzheimer residence for the. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from

http://www.archdaily.com/532737/alzheimer-residence-for-the-foyer-la-grange-mabire-reich/

http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00480220


WORK CITED | Patricia R Martinez

Work Cited

Hospitality Net - Hotels | A Brief History - By Jacques Levy-Bonvin. (n.d.). Hospitality Net. Retrieved September 12, 2014, from http://www.hospitalitynet.org/news/4017990.

Health Care Around the World. (n.d.). - Global Issues. Retrieved September 12, 2014, from http://www.globalissues.org/article/774/health-care-around-the-world (2008). How Caregivers in Assisted Living Facilities Learn to Care for Elders with Dementia. Geriatric Nursing, 29(1), 32-33.

Assisted Living Facilities. (n.d.). Elder Law, Medicaid, Estate Planning and Long-Term Care. Retrieved September 12, 2014, from http://www.elderlawanswers.com/assisted-living-facilities-12049 Living and Dying in a Long-Term Care Facility: Notes From a Nursing Home Doctor. (n.d.). .

Retrieved September 12, 2014, from http://www.elderlawanswers.com/living-and-dying-in-a-long-term-care-facility-notes-from-a-nursing-home-doctor-7438 Alzheimer's Disease Assisted Living Facilities and Communities. (n.d.). WebMD. Retrieved September 12, 2014, from http://www.webmd.com/alzheimers/assisted-living-facilities


LIST OF FIGURES | Patricia R Martinez

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Establishment for Dependent Elderly / PARALLELE. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/533102/establishment-for-dependent-elderly-parallele/


Figure 3 Establishment for Dependent Elderly / PARALLELE. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/533102/establishment-for-dependent-elderly-parallele/ Figure 4 Establishment for Dependent Elderly / PARALLELE. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved

September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/533102/establishment-for-dependent-elderly-parallele/ Figure 5 Establishment for Dependent Elderly / PARALLELE. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/533102/establishment-for-dependent-

elderly-parallele/



Figure 8 Establishment for Dependent Elderly / PARALLELE. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/533102/establishment-for-dependent-elderly-parallele/ Figure 9 Establishment for Dependent Elderly / PARALLELE. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September

20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/533102/establishment-for-dependent-elderly-parallele/ Figure 10 Establishment for Dependent Elderly / PARALLELE. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/533102/establishment-for-dependent-elderly-parallele/


LIST OF FIGURES





LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 12 Elderly Residential Building / Atelier Lopes da Costa. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/483336/elderly-residential-building-atelier-

lopes-da-costa/ Figure 13 Elderly Residential Building / Atelier Lopes da Costa. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/483336/elderly-residential-building-atelier-

lopes-da-costa/ Figure 14 Elderly Residential Building / Atelier Lopes da Costa. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/483336/elderly-residential-building-atelier-lopes-da-costa/

Figure 15 Elderly Residential Building / Atelier Lopes da Costa. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/483336/elderly-residential-building-atelier-lopes-da-costa/


Figure 17 Elderly Residential Building / Atelier Lopes da Costa. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/483336/elderly-residential-building-atelier-

lopes-da-costa/ Figure 18 Elderly Residential Building / Atelier Lopes da Costa. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/483336/elderly-residential-building-atelier-

lopes-da-costa/ Figure 19 Elderly Residential Building / Atelier Lopes da Costa. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/483336/elderly-residential-building-atelier-lopes-da-costa/



LIST OF FIGURES



LIST OF FIGURES



Figure 22 Day Center For Alzheimer’s Patients / Luis Navarro + Carlos SÃ¡nchez + Ã•ngel MartÃnez. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/450249/day-

center-for-alzheimer-s-patients-luis-navarro-jover-carlos-sanchez-garcia-angel-martinez-garcia/ Figure 23 Day Center For Alzheimer’s Patients / Luis Navarro + Carlos SÃ¡nchez + Ã•ngel MartÃnez. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/450249/day-

center-for-alzheimer-s-patients-luis-navarro-jover-carlos-sanchez-garcia-angel-martinez-garcia/ Figure 24 Day Center For Alzheimer’s Patients / Luis Navarro + Carlos SÃ¡nchez + Ã•ngel MartÃnez. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/450249/day-center-for-alzheimer-s-patients-luis-navarro-jover-carlos-sanchez-garcia-angel-martinez-garcia/

Figure 25 Day Center For Alzheimer’s Patients / Luis Navarro + Carlos SÃ¡nchez + Ã•ngel MartÃnez. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/450249/day-center-for-alzheimer-s-patients-luis-navarro-jover-carlos-sanchez-garcia-angel-martinez-garcia/


LIST OF FIGURES



Figure 27 Day Center For Alzheimer’s Patients / Luis Navarro + Carlos SÃ¡nchez + Ã•ngel MartÃnez. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/450249/day-

center-for-alzheimer-s-patients-luis-navarro-jover-carlos-sanchez-garcia-angel-martinez-garcia/ Figure 28 Day Center For Alzheimer’s Patients / Luis Navarro + Carlos SÃ¡nchez + Ã•ngel MartÃnez. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/450249/day-

center-for-alzheimer-s-patients-luis-navarro-jover-carlos-sanchez-garcia-angel-martinez-garcia/ Figure 29 Day Center For Alzheimer’s Patients / Luis Navarro + Carlos SÃ¡nchez + Ã•ngel MartÃnez. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/450249/day-center-for-alzheimer-s-patients-luis-navarro-jover-carlos-sanchez-garcia-angel-martinez-garcia/



LIST OF FIGURES



Figures 42 to 47 Alzheimer residence for the. (n.d.). ArchDaily. Retrieved September 20, 2014, from http://www.archdaily.com/532737/alzheimer-residence-for-the-foyer-la-grange-mabire-

reich/

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TYPOLOGY HISTORY - WordPress.com · TYPOLOGY HISTORY | Patricia R Martinez For many individuals with a variety of conditions, specialized Assisted Living Facilities can offer a more