[+focus] tails
1. Subject + Intransitive Verb / (Be) Complement e.g. The \FLAGS
would have been out.
2. Transitive Verb + Object + Verbal Particle. e.g. Keep your
\VOICE down. Transitive Verb + Object + Objective Complement e.g.
Ive spelt Bra\ZIL wrong.
3. WH-movement e.g. Where does most of our \COFfee come
from?
Typically [-focus] expressions
1. Time-space markers i. TIME: yet, any more, again, from time
to time, today, a minute, tonight, the
other day. e.g. Can we sit \DOWN for a minute?
ii. SPACE: general space indicators. e.g. Do you \/COAT up while
youre in here.
2. Cohesion markers
i. ADDITION: in fact, as a matter of fact, really, actually.
e.g. Her hooter wasnt \/THAT big. Bit like \/YOURS really.
ii. INFERENCE: then, so... then, of course. e.g. Is sex a
\PROblem then.
iii. CONCESSION: though, if prossible. e.g. Must have been a bit
of a \SHOCK though.
iv. REINFORCEMENT: thank you very much, of course, if necessary,
for example. e.g. Bit by \BIT if necessary.
v. CONTRAST: for a change, on the other hand. e.g. Nice to be on
your \OWN for a change.
3. Hearer-Appeal Markers i. SOFTENERS OR SOFTENING-PHRASES: you
know, I mean, then, thanks,
please. e.g. Not for \ME thanks.
ii. VOCATIVES e.g. Dont \FUSS man.
iii. TAGS (only when there is a positive host sentence plus a
positive tag) e.g. Been \WORKing have you?
4. Textual Markers i. REPORTING SENTENCES: he/she said.
e.g. \NO he said. ii. COMMENT CLAUSES: I think, I suppose, I
know, I realise, I wonder, I
hope, I imagine. e.g. \FIVE I suppose.
5. Approximatives Such as in a way, or more, or two, like I did,
or something, and all that, and so on, kind of thing, etc. e.g.
Industrial Tri\BUNal and all that.
