fuel economy of 3.6 liters of diesel or 4.1 liters of gas-oline on a 100-kilometer distance with a vehicle weight of 1,372 kilos. This is another reason why Schaeffler has been driving the development of efficient yet cost-effec-tive 48 V technology with an extensive modular hybrid-ization kit.

In the light of 1.5 billion vehicles with IC engines still being on the road in 2025, Gutzmer views another option as a highly attractive alternative: synthetic fuels produced using renewable energies (more on this start-ing on P. 94): the fuel-pump energy drink of the future in a manner of speaking.

transmission and drive train – by up to 50 percent as in the case of the TwinTandem wheel bearing.

E has to help

In spite of the optimization work that has already been done and expected further improvements: “With-out electrification/hybridization we do not think it will be feasible to push mid-size cars like a VW Passat or higher below the future CO2 limit of 95 g/km [coming into effect in the EU in 2020, editor’s note],” says Prof. Pe-ter Gutzmer. Compliance with this limit would require

TYPICAL “TANK TO WHEEL” POWER LOSSES OF A CAR USING AN IC ENGINE

34 % exhaust heat

29 % engine heat loss

8 % engine friction

4 % gas exchange

3 % ancillaries

1 % clutch + axle

1 % transmission

20 % propulsion

Source: Nizzola

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