Types of Mixtures

Solutions• Solutions are homogeneous mixtures made up of

two components.• The part of the solution that does the dissolving

is called the solvent.• The part of the solution that gets dissolved is

called the solute.• In a sugar water solution, what is the solute?• Sugar• In a sugar water solution, what is the solvent?• Water

Solutions (continued)• The solute particles are < 1 nm in diameter.• How large are these particles in cm?• 0.0000001 cm• As a result, solutions often appear clear.• Due to the extremely small particle size solutions

remain mixed and do not separate (settle out) upon standing.

• Solutions cannot be separated by filtration (particles are so small they pass through the paper with the solvent.

• Examples include: kool-aid, flat soft drink

Solutions

Colloids• Colloids are heterogeneous mixtures.• The particles mixed into the main component are

between 1 and 100 nm in diameter.• Due to the slightly larger particle size, colloids

appear cloudy.• Although the particles are larger than in a

solution, they are still small enough that they stay mixed and do not separate upon standing and cannot be separated by filtration.

• Examples: milk, whipped cream

Colloids

Tyndall Effect

• Particles in a colloid are large enough that they will reflect (scatter) light.

• This phenomenon is referred to as the Tyndall Effect.

Tyndall Effect

Suspensions

• Suspensions are also heterogeneous mixtures.• The particles in a suspension are the largest

and have a diameter > 100 nm.• Due to the larger size these particles will

separate (settle out) upon standing. • If all of the particles have separated, the liquid

may appear clear. If not, the liquid may appear cloudy.

Suspensions

• The larger particle size allows for suspensions to be separated by filtration.

• The Tyndall effect may be observed if the particles have not settled out.

• Examples: muddy water, Italian salad dressing.

Suspension

Solution, Colloid, or Suspension

•Recently opened soft drink•Fog•Food coloring in water•Blood•Milk•Pure air•Sugar water•Paint