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Types of Menus Menus also be categorized by type. Three basic types of menus are breakfast lunch and dinner menus-menus designed around the three traditional meal periods. There are also a large number of specialty menus designed to appeal to a specific guest group or meet a specific marketing need. The types of menus a food senice operation offers wil depend on the number of it serves and the type of meals operation it is. Many operations have a separate breakfast menu because they have a cut-off time for serving breakfast. Combining lunch and dinner menus is a common practice. Whether or offer specialty menus depends on the opera not to tion and its clientele. An upscale restaurant may feel that a separate wine or dessert list adds to its image, for or example. Breakfast Breakast menus are fairly standard. Most restaurants offer fruits. juices. eg cereals, pancakes, waffles, and breakfast meats like bacon and sausage. Sometimes regional specialties, like in southern states, are offered. The watchwords for breakfast menu items are simple, fast, and expensive. Guests are more price-conscious at breakfast than at other meals. Guests are also likely to be in a hurry to get to work or make some other appointment, so they want to be served right away. To keep prices down and make quick service possible, most breakfast menus are relatively limited, offering only the essential breakfast menu items.

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Page 1: Types of Menus

Types of Menus

Menus also be categorized by type. Three basic types of menus are breakfast lunch

and dinner menus-menus designed around the three traditional meal periods. There are

also a large number of specialty menus designed to appeal to a specific guest group or

meet a specific marketing need. The types of menus a food senice operation offers wil

depend on the number of it serves and the type of meals operation it is. Many

operations have a separate breakfast menu because they have a cut-off time for serving

breakfast. Combining lunch and dinner menus is a common practice. Whether or offer

specialty menus depends on the opera not to tion and its clientele. An upscale

restaurant may feel that a separate wine or dessert list adds to its image, for or

example.

Breakfast

Breakast menus are fairly standard. Most restaurants offer fruits. juices. eg cereals,

pancakes, waffles, and breakfast meats like bacon and sausage. Sometimes regional

specialties, like in southern states, are offered.

The watchwords for breakfast menu items are simple, fast, and expensive.

Guests are more price-conscious at breakfast than at other meals. Guests are also

likely to be in a hurry to get to work or make some other appointment, so they want to

be served right away. To keep prices down and make quick service possible, most

breakfast menus are relatively limited, offering only the essential breakfast menu items.

Lunch

Like breakfast guests, lunch guests are usually in a hurry, Therefore, lunch menus must

also feature menu items that are relatively easy and quick to make. Sandwiches, soups,

and salads are important in many lunch menus.

Lunch menus must have variety; many guests eat lunch at the same restaurant

several times a week because it is located close to where they work. To provide variety,

most lunch menus offer specials every day. These specials can be printed on a

seperate piece of paper and clipped onto the lunch menu. Or a cycle be menu can be

Page 2: Types of Menus

used to provide variety, in which case the entire menu will change daily for a certain

number of days. Lunch menu items are usually lighter than dinner menu items, because

most guests do not want to feel filled up and sleepy during the afternoon.

Lunch menus are also less elaborate than dinner menus as a rule. If appetizers

are offered at lunch, they are simpler to make and fewer in number. Lunch menus

usually include desserts, and some include a list of alcoholic beverages.

Dinner

Dinner is the main meal of the day for most people, and menu items offered at dinner

are heavier in character and more elaborate than those offered at breakfast or lunch.

Dinner is more likely to be eaten in a leisurely fashion than breakfast or lunch because

guests are often seeking a dining experience or celebrating a special occasion dinner.

Guests are willing to pay more for dinner than for lunch, but they also expect a

greater selection of menu items and place a greater premium on service, atmosphere,

and decor. Therefore, dinner menus usually offer a wide variety of selections. Steaks,

roasts, chicken, seafood, and pasta dishes like lasagna and linguine are typical dinner

entrées. Wines, cocktails, and exotic desserts are more likely to be on a dinner menu

than on a lunch menu.

Specialty

There is a wide range of special menus, from poolside menus to menus or afternoon

teas. Some of the most common specialty menus are:

Children's Senior citizens'

Alcoholic beverage

Dessert

Room service

Take-out

Banquet

Caifornia

Ethnic

Page 3: Types of Menus

Children's. Children's menus do not necessarily have to blend in with the

restaurant's theme or decor; the most important thing is to make sure the menu is

entertaining(see Exhibit 6.4). The goal is to occcupy the child long enough for the

Parents(and other guests) to eat in peace. Children's menus can be shaped like

robots, animals, or rocket ships. Many children's menus feature bright colors,

cartoons, pop-up designs, or black and white drawings that the child can color.

Menus that fold into hats, masks, or other toys are good for small children, puzzles,

word games, stories, and mazes can work for older children.

The food offered on children's menus should be simple and nutrious. Portions

should be on the small side and prices should be modest.

Tassels, staples, or other potentially dangerous material that can be removed

and swallowed should never be part of a children's menu.

Senior Citizens'. The graying of America means that menus that appeal to the

special wants and needs of senior citizens will become more important in the future.

Such menus can be separate menus or separate sections of regular menus. More

commonly, menu items that meet the needs of seniors are placed throughout the

regular menu.

Many seniors have dietary prescriptions or recommendations from their doctors.

Most revolve around weight control, diabetes, cardiovascular problems or

precautions, and gastrointestinal disorders. Other seniors are just more conscious of

the need to eat properly.

Seniors watching their weight and diabetic seniors need simple non-rich simple,

entrées, and desserts. A piece of fresh fruit served stylishly can allow a diabetic to

enjoy dessert with others at the table.

Many seniors on sodium-restricted diets are on "no added salt" diet. As

mentioned in Chapter 5, with this diet it is okay to use salt lightly when cooking, but

no salt should be added to the food when it reaches table. Many good-tasting menu

items can be prepared to meet this diet simply by omitting sodium-rich condiments

Page 4: Types of Menus

and avoiding sodium-rich foods. Providing information on the sodium content of

menu items can also help seniors on sodium-restricted diets.

Because of major advances in medicine, the diets of ulcer sufferers can be more

mainstream" than ever before. Many seniors with ulcers find that they have only

minor limitations in choosing foods. Noting ingredients when items are described on

the menu can help seniors make appropriate selections.

Alcoholic Beverage. Cocktails and wines can be listed on a separate menu or

included on the regular menu. If included on the regular menu, the drink list should

come before the food selections so guests desiring a drink before ordering their

meal will have the necessary information. Operations that offer separate alcoholic

beverage menus can have separate cocktail menus and wine lists, or can combine

cocktails and wines on one menu. Separate beverage menus can be used in the

lounge as well as in the dining room.

Food service operations should list alcoholic beverages in large, readable type,

with brand names and prices included. Today many beverage menus include no-

alcohol or low-alcohol drinks creatively named and described to help promote their

sale.

Dessert. At the end of the meal, most guests cannot recall the dessert items they

saw listed on the main menu. Food servers at some operations use dessert trays to

remind guests of desserts. Some operations have a separate dessert menu so that

food servers have something they can give to guests at the end of the meal to

remind them of the desserts that are available.

There are many advantages to having a separate dessert menu:

You can offer more desserts.

There is more room for bold graphics and descriptive copy.

You can devote a portion of the menu to dessert specials.

If dessert prices change, you don't have to go to the trouble and expense

of reprinting the main menu.

Page 5: Types of Menus

The types of desserts offered vary with the type of operation.Some elegant

restaurants feature flaming desserts prepared tableside; many family restaurants offer

cake and ice cream; even some fast-food restaurants now offer such simple dessert

items as ice cream, pies, and cookies. Upscale restaurants often include after-dinner

wines, cordials, brandies, and liqueurs on the dessert menu.

Room Service. Some hotels offer room service to guests. With a few exceptions, such

as the room service menus found at luxurious hotels like The Ritz-Carlton, room service

menus offer a limited number of menu items. They may offer items menus from the

hotel's regular menu or feature items that are not on the regular menu.

Most room service menus are limited because it is difficult to offer high-quality

food that does deteriorate during transport from the production area to the guestroom,

suite, or cabin. This is a problem in every lodging operation but especially in high-rise

hotels where service staff must contend with elevators, and in resort-type properties

where food servers must use a vehicle to transport the food to the guest.

One type of room service menu is the "doorknob" breakfast menu. A doorknob

menu lists a limited number of breakfast items and times that the meal can be served.

Guests select what they want to eat and the time they want the food delivered, then

hang the menu outside the door on the doorknob. The menus are collected and the

orders are prepared and sent to the rooms at the indicated times. are prepared and sent

to the rooms at the indicated time.

Take-out. Some tableservice restaurants offer take-out menus in an effort to capture

consumer dollars that otherwise might be spent at fast-food establishments or on

convenience foods in supermarkets.

Like room service menus, take-out menus should be made up of items that can

maintain an acceptable level of quality over a long period of time. Guests won't be

satisfied unless the food they bought still looks and tastes good when they consume it.

Take-out menus should be inexpensive to produce since guests take them home.

Some operations use their take-out menus as direct mail advertising pieces.

Page 6: Types of Menus

As noted in Chapter 1, some restaurants have installed fax machines in an effort

to attract take-out business from busy executives. Home delivery services are another

trend. Catering services are also becoming increasingly popular, according to some

observes.

Banquet. Hotel food and beverage operations and restaurants that do extensive

banquet business often develop pre-set banquet menus in varying price ranges from

which guests may choose. They can also plan custom banquet menus when guests

request them.

The pricing style for banquet menus is usually table d'hote-a set meal with few if

any choices offered at set price. The meal tends to be elaborate, with appetizers. soups

or salads, and fancy desserts served along with the entrée and its accompaniments.

Managers who plan banquet menus must be careful to select food that can be

produced in quantity and still hold its quality.

California. Some restaurants offer breakfast, lunch, and dinner menu items on one

menu, with all the items available at any time of the day: if a guest wants spaghetti for

breakfast or pancakes for dinner, the guest can order it. This concept originated in

California, so this type of menu has come to be called a California menu. Obviously, an

operation that has no restrictions about when it will serve breakfast, lunch, or dinner

items also gives the production and scheduling convenience such restrictions provide.

Ethnic. Ethnic menus are offered by restaurants that seek to appeal to guests who like

a particular cuisine. Restaurants that feature Italian, Chinese, or Mexican food are

familiar ethnic restaurants. Ethnic restaurants that are not as familiar to most Americans

include those offering Japanese, Polynesian, Scandinavian, Korean, Indian, and Thai

cuisines.

An ethnic menu should feature a wide variety of dishes from the particular

country or area. The names of the dishes should be in the original language and

translated into English. The main ingredients of the dish should also be listed. How

authentic should the menu items be? If most of the restaurant's guests are first-

Page 7: Types of Menus

generation Americans of the ethnic background the menu seeks to appeal to then the

dishes should closely follow traditional recipes. However, if most of the clientele are

second- and third-generation Americans and Americans from other ethnic backgrounds,

the recipes can be "Americanized”- i.e, spices can be milder, some ingredients may be

eliminated,etc.

DỊCH

Hầu hết các thực đơn trong dịch vụ phòng bị giới hạn bởi rất khó khăn để cung

cấp thực phẩm chất lượng cao mà không bị xấu đi trong khi vận chuyển từ nơi chế biến

đến các phòng, suite, hoặc cabin. Đây là một vấn đề trong mọi hoạt động kinh doanh

lưu trú nhưng đặc biệt là tại các khách sạn cao tầng, nơi nhân viên phục vụ phải đương

đầu với khó khăn là thang máy, và trong loại hình kinh doanh khu nghỉ dưỡng nhân

viên phục vụ luôn phải sử dụng phương tiện vận chuyển thức ăn cho khách.

Một loại menu nữa trong dịch vụ phòng là menu bữa sáng “trên tay nắm cửa” .

Một menu trên tay nắm cửa liệt kê một số lượng món ăn hạn chế của các bữa ăn sáng

và thời gian các bữa ăn có thể được phục vụ. Du khách chọn những gì họ muốn ăn và

thời gian họ muốn phục vụ, sau đó treo menu bên ngoài cửa vào tay nắm cửa. Các

menu được lấy đi và các đơn đặt hàng được chuẩn bị và gửi đến phòng vào thời gian

được chỉ định.

Thức ăn làm sẵn mang đi. Một số nhà hàng cung cấp bàn ăn cũng đưa ra các

menu thức ăn mang đi để nỗ lực kiếm thêm tiền của người tiêu dùng mà nếu không có

các menu này thì khách của họ cũng sẽ đổ tiền vào các cơ sở thức ăn nhanh hoặc siêu

thị tiện lợi.

Cũng giống như các menu trong dịch vụ phòng, thức ăn mang đi nên được làm

từ các thực phẩm có thể duy trì chất lượng ở mức chấp nhận trong một thời gian dài.

Du khách sẽ không hài lòng nếu như thức ăn họ mua có vị không ngon hay trông không

đẹp khi họ thưởng thức nó.

Như đã nói ở Chương 1, một số nhà hàng đã cài đặt máy fax để nỗ lực kinh

doanh thức ăn mang đi bằng việc thu hút các nhân viên văn phòng bận rộn. Dịch vụ

Page 8: Types of Menus

giao hàng tận nơi là một xu hướng mới. Theo một số quan sát thì dịch vụ ăn uống cũng

đang trở nên ngày càng phổ biến.

  Tiệc. Hoạt động ẩm thực tại khách sạn và các nhà hàng kinh doanh tiệc lớn

thường thiết lập sẵn các menu tiệc, dao động ở nhiều mức giá khác nhau từ đó khách

hàng có thể lựa chọn. Họ cũng có thể tùy chỉnh kế hoạch thực đơn tiệc khi khách có

yêu cầu.

Các kiểu định giá cho menu tiệc thường là menu trọn gói, chọn món hạn chế và

có 1 mức giá cố định. Các bữa ăn có xu hướng phức tạp, với các món khai vị súp hoặc

xà lách, và món tráng miệng ưa thích được phục vụ cùng với các món ăn nhẹ dùng sau

món chính và các món ăn kèm .

Những người quản lý lên kế hoạch thực đơn tiệc phải hết sức cẩn thận lựa chọn

thực phẩm để có thể sản xuất ra nhiều nhưng vẫn giữ nguyên về chất lượng.

California. Một số nhà hàng cung cấp các món ăn sáng, ăn trưa, ăn tối trên cùng

một menu, với tất cả các món ăn có sẵn tại bất kỳ thời gian nào trong ngày: nếu khách

muốn spaghetti cho bữa ăn sáng hoặc bánh rán cho bữa ăn tối, khách có thể đặt nó.

Khái niệm này có nguồn gốc ở California, vì thế loại thực đơn này được gọi là thực đơn

California. Rõ ràng, một hoạt động mà không có hạn chế khi phục vụ món ăn sáng, ăn

trưa, ăn tối cũng sẽ khó cho việc sản xuất và lập kế hoạch tiện lợi và có những sự hạn

chế mang lại đại loại trên.

Dân tộc. Thực đơn món ăn các dân tộc được cung cấp bởi các nhà hàng mà tìm

cách thu hút khách du lịch thích các món ăn đặc biệt. Nhà hàng đặc trưng về ẩm thực

Ý, Trung Quốc, Mexico là những nhà hàng dân tộc quen thuộc. Nhà hàng dân tộc

không quen thuộc với hầu hết người Mỹ bao gồm các món ăn Nhật Bản, Polynesian,

Scandinavia, Hàn Quốc, Ấn Độ, và Thái.

Thực đơn dân tộc đặc trưng là một loạt các món ăn đến từ các quốc gia hoặc

khu vực khác nhau. Tên của các món ăn thường ở ngôn ngữ gốc hoặc được dịch sang

tiếng Anh. Các thành phần chính của món ăn cũng sẽ được liệt kê. Làm thế nào xác

thực nên các mục trình đơn được? Nếu hầu hết khách của nhà hàng là người Mỹ thế

Page 9: Types of Menus

hệ đầu thì để thu hút cần có các món ăn bám sát công thức nấu ăn truyền thống. Tuy

nhiên, nếu hầu hết các khách hàng đều là người Mỹ thế hệ thứ hai và thứ ba hoặc

người Mỹ nhập cư từ những dân tộc khác thì các công thức nấu ăn có thể được "Mỹ

hóa" - tức là, các loại gia vị có thể nhẹ dịu hơn, không gắt và một số thành phần có thể

được loại bỏ, vv.