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Types of Impairment
Types of Impairment
We will begin with the drug of ALCOHOL
The primary learning outcomes desirable from this first lesson are as follows:
1) Become aware of the more relevant facts & myths concerning alcohol and driving for younger drivers.
2) That young people are more susceptible to the dangers of drinking and driving than the other driving populations.
3) Explore some of the reasons why the younger driving population are at a higher risk.
4) That we all can become victims unless preventative strategies are learned and utilized.
Alcohol facts and myths
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: --Students should first complete the 15 question Alcohol knowledge survey (which follows this slide) -it will serve as an outline for discussion as the unit unfolds. Your students should have already downloaded and printed their own copy of this survey from website. Do not discuss these 15 questions now… …they will all come up later in the lessons. Students should have also printed out the REVIEW QUESTIONS – Alcohol Marijuana… they will answer these questions at end of each of the 4 alcohol related lessons.
Alcohol facts and myths
ALCOHOL KNOWLEDGE SURVEY
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
AS TRUE or FALSE
ACCORDING TO YOUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING
(these 15 questions will serve as an outline for these lessons)
1) Alcohol is a drug which acts upon the body as a depressant in the central nervous system (brain).
2) Alcohol is a stimulant to the central nervous system (brain).
Alcohol survey questions 1-2
3) The reason drinking and driving can be dangerous is that alcohol prevents the brain from doing those normal functions required for driving?
4) The cerebrum is affected by alcohol first before other parts of the brain are affected?
Alcohol survey questions 3-4
5) Drinking tends to make a person feel more self-confident even though his or her skills may be decreasing.
Alcohol survey question 5
6) When people drink alcoholic beverages, they lose their muscular coordination before they lose their reasoning and judgmental abilities?
Alcohol survey question 6
7) All the mental and physical abilities required to operate an automobile are affected if a person drinks enough?
8) Any person can become unconscious and even die from drinking too much?
Alcohol survey questions 7-8
9) It takes at least 1 hour for the body to get
rid of the effects of one can of beer?
10) There is no way to sober up quickly. Coffee, food, fresh air, exercise, or a cold shower will not help.
Alcohol survey questions 9-10
11) If a person eats something before drinking, he or she won’t get drunk.
Alcohol survey questions 11
13) How much a person drinks before driving should be their own decision.
Alcohol survey questions 12-13
12) The alcoholic causes most of the alcohol related fatalities on our roads
and highways today.
14) If a friend is about to drive after drinking
there is nothing you can do about it. 15) Teens should discuss the alcohol-driving problem with their parents and come to an agreement on what to do when problems arise.
Alcohol survey questions 14-15
These 15 questions will be consideredas we cover various aspects of the
drinking / drug and driving problem.
Let’s begin with several facts about alcohol and driving…
ALCOHOL FACTS
Alcohol is involved in about 43% of all fatal traffic crashes in Canada.
• Alcohol is the #1 killer of teenagers and young people as a result of vehicle crashes and teenagers and young adults cause most of the alcohol related fatalities.
Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well Being (Ottawa: StatisticsCanada, 2003) Cat. No. 82-617-XIE.
ALCOHOL FACTS
19-29 year olds are in involved in about 37% of all fatal traffic crashes in Canada. After age 29 alcohol related deaths begin declining.
• Alcohol is the #1 killer of teenagers and young people as a result of vehicle crashes and teenagers and young adults cause most of the alcohol related fatalities.
Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well Being (Ottawa: StatisticsCanada, 2003) Cat. No. 82-617-XIE.
ALCOHOL FACTS• Younger drivers are at the greatest risk of being killed per
kilometer driven. In 2001, 43.4 Canadian drivers aged 16-19 years were killed in motor vehicle crashes per billion kilometres travelled.
This is more than double the fatalities for 20-24 year-old drivers
(21.1), more than 7 times the fatalities for 25-34 year-old drivers (6.0), more than 12 times the fatalities for 35-44 year-old drivers (3.6), and 14 times the fatalities for 45-54 year-old drivers (3.1).
Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well Being (Ottawa: StatisticsCanada, 2003) Cat. No. 82-617-XIE.
CAN IT HAPPEN TO YOU
???
CAN IT HAPPEN TO YOU
???
• Inexperienced as drivers• Inexperienced at drinking• More susceptible to peer influences• Teens drive in high risk situations - at night on weekends - at higher speeds
Why are younger drivers involved in so many traffic collisions?
What about intoxicated pedestrians?
IN CANADA
• Of the 295 fatally injured pedestrians who were tested in 1997, 45% had been drinking.• The majority of the alcohol-positive pedestrian fatalities had a BAC over 0.08% and the average BAC was 0.210%.
Transport Canada, Transport Canada Fact Sheet #RS2001-01 (February 2001)
ALCOHOL FACTS
Alcohol related crashes happen at all hours, but especially at night during weekends.
• Male drivers are three times more likely to be involved in a fatality than females.
Statistically, most alcohol related fatalitiesoccur after midnight on weekends
and at holiday periods.
When males drink they are are usually more aggressive drivers.
Males are doing most of the driving during the high risk times.
Many males are more susceptible to peer pressure to take chances and drive fast.
86% of the cases involved males.
Review time…how much do you remember?
5) Many teens also drive at high-risk times, at night and on the weekends. They also have a tendency to drive:________
2) True or False: Alcohol is the #2 killer of teenagers and young people as a result of vehicle crashes; and teenagers and young adults cause most of the alcohol related fatalities___________
1) Alcohol is involved in about ______% of all fatal crashes.
3) Young people are involved in most alcohol related collisions because they are both inexperienced _________ and inexperienced __________
4) Many teens are also susceptible to peer ___________
6) True or False: Statistically, most alcohol related fatalitiesoccur after midnight on weekends and at holiday periods._______
8) When males, drink they are usually more
_____________ drivers.
7) Females are three times more likely to be involved in a alcohol related fatality than males. True or False: ______
9) True or False: If we do not take proper precautions, we increase the possibility of becoming a victim of a alcohol related crash. _______
10) After what age, do alcohol-related crashes start declining? ________
This next section will focus uponthe effects of Alcohol Impairment
Progressive effects of Alcohol
The primary learning outcomes desirable from this 2nd lesson are as follows:
1) Understand the progressive debilitating effects of alcohol upon the body and brain.
2) Make relevant applications of this knowledge.
3) Understand that binge drinking can lead to overdose and death.
4) An understanding that only time eliminates alcohol from the body.
This 19 year old had a BAC (blood alcohol concentration) of over .20
This 19 year old had a BAC (blood alcohol concentration) of over .20
1) Alcohol is a drug which acts upon the body as a depressant in the central nervous system (brain).
TRUE
Alcohol survey questions 1-2
2) Alcohol is a stimulant to the central nervous system (brain).
FALSE – although at lower BAC levels it does act as a stimulant.
Alcohol slows brain functionsLet’s now notice some facts about
the process of intoxication...
What determines how fast a person becomes
intoxicated?
• SIZE OF PERSON (body weight)
Let’s now explore the progression of intoxication
Lighter individuals will become intoxicated with less alcohol consumed than heavier people
• METABOLISM (how fast the body works)
• TYPE OF BEVERAGE CONSUMED
• RATE OF DRINKING• FOOD IN STOMACH
We’ll trace the flow of alcohol from the time one starts to drink until complete intoxication
The progressive effects of intoxication
Once in the stomach...
…it proceeds through the stomach wall lining… ...directly into the blood stream.
Within a few minutes, alcohol affects the brain reducing the normal flow of oxygen to the brain.
3) The reason drinking and driving can be dangerous is that alcohol prevents the brain from doing those normal functions required for driving?
TRUE
Alcohol survey questions 3-4
Again, the reduction of oxygen and the directeffect of the alcohol impairs the brain’s functions
4) The cerebrum is affected by alcohol first before other parts of the brain are affected?
TRUE
within10-20minutes
CEREBRUMCEREBRUM CEREBRUM- thinking and
reasoning processes slow down
(takes 2-3 times longer to decide what to do)
- memory affected
- judgment impaired
(driver takes risky chances)
5) Drinking tends to make a person feel more self-confident even though his or her skills may be decreasing.
TRUE
Alcohol survey question 5
A false sense of self-confidenceis experienced as the euphoriaintensifies in the Brain Stem.
BRAIN STEM - Euphoria sets in
(the high) results in a false sense of overconfidence
- Inhibitions are released
silly, loud, depressed, obnoxious
- Emotions intensified
- also controls heart beat and breathing
CEREBRUMCEREBRUM
BRAIN STEMBRAIN STEM
How can stronger emotions affect driving? (give some examples)
How can stronger emotions affect driving? (give some examples)
within10-20minutes
another10-20minutes
6) When people drink alcoholic beverages, they lose their muscular coordination before they lose their reasoning and judgmental abilities?
FALSE
Alcohol survey question 6
If drinking continues, the next part of the brain affected
is the cerebellum
10-20min.
10-20 min.
CEREBRUMCEREBRUM
CEREBELLUMCEREBELLUM
BRAIN STEMBRAIN STEM
30-60 minutes
total time
10-20 min.
CEREBELLUM controls muscle
coordination Large muscles:
arms & legs; then smaller muscles: eyes and tongue
slurred speech
blurry vision Driver has major
difficulty controlling vehicle
TOTALLY INTOXICATEDTOTALLY INTOXICATEDTOTALLY INTOXICATEDTOTALLY INTOXICATED
10-20min.
10-20 min.
CEREBRUMCEREBRUM
CEREBELLUMCEREBELLUM
BRAIN STEMBRAIN STEM
10-20 min.
HOW IS THIS INFORMATION IMPORTANT?
TOTALLY INTOXICATEDTOTALLY INTOXICATEDTOTALLY INTOXICATEDTOTALLY INTOXICATED
You or a friend who is driving you…may be in STAGE 2, (Brain Stem) - not showing any physical coordination problems as of yet… you may think it is safe to drive or ride with that person.
…but in a short time the alcohol will begin to affect the muscular
coordination and vision.
30-60 minutes
total time
After several drinks a driver may see multiple images
STOPSTOP
ONE WAYONE WAY
5050
50
A driver in an advance stage of intoxication would have difficulty seeing this pedestrian
Night vision is significantly reduced after drinking.
7) All the mental and physical abilities required to operate an automobile are affected if a person drinks enough?
TRUE 8) A person can become unconscious and
even die from drinking too much?
TRUE
Alcohol survey questions 7-8
It is possible to
overdose on alcohol and die!
If at a party a friend of yours has beentaking large repeated gulps (chugging)
straight from a whiskey bottle…WHAT CAN YOU DO?
9) It takes at least 1 hour for the body to
get rid of the effects of one can of beer?
10) There is no way to sober up quickly. Coffee, food, fresh air, exercise, or a cold shower will not help.
Alcohol survey questions 9-10
TIME is the only way
TRUE
TRUE
11) If a person eats something before
drinking, he or she won’t get drunk.
Alcohol survey question 11
But it will take a little longer getting into the bloodstreambecause the food slows down the absorption.
FALSE
Review time…how much do you remember?
2) True or False: Lighter individuals will become intoxicated with less alcohol consumed than heavier people.______
5) When the alcohol reaches the Brain Stem the euphoria intensifies which often releases a person’s ___________ which can result in behaviors they usually refrain from.
1) Soon after alcohol is consumed, it begins to enter the ____________through the stomach wall lining & intestines.
3) As alcohol enters the cerebrum it begins to slow down the brain’s ability to think and reason. This means drivers take _____________ to decide what to do (IPDE process).
4) Also in the cerebrum, the alcohol impairs a person’s better ___________. They tend to take risky chances.
6) True or False: These stronger emotions released by the effect of alcohol can adversely affect ones driving.____
8) The large muscles like the __________ are first affected; then the smaller muscles like those that focus the ______are affected, causing the driver’s vision to be greatly impaired.
7) As alcohol moves into the lower part of the brain (Cerebellum) it begins to affect the ________coordination.
9) True or False: Knowing these progressive effects are important because we may think we are okay, but the alcohol may soon be affecting our coordination and vision
…making us even more dangerous _______
10) All the physical and mental abilities are affected if a person continues to _________
11) True or False: If you drink too much it is possible to overdose on alcohol and even die. _______
13) It takes the body (liver) at least _______ to eliminate the alcohol from the body for each drink consumed.
12) If at a party, a friend is taking large gulps from a whiskey bottle you should try to _________________
14) True or False: If after drinking, if you get some good exercise or strong coffee, it will reduce the time it takes to sober up. _________
15) True or False: Eating a heavy meal before consuming alcohol, will absorb most of it, minimizing its affects. ______
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