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types of fruit by vijay sir from renueducational group
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PRESENTED BY PRESENTED BY RENU EDUCATIONAL GROUPRENU EDUCATIONAL GROUP
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A mature or ripened ovary formed after
fertilization is called fruit.
Morphology of fruits
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Parts of Fruits
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Types of Fruits Types of Fruits 1. True fruits
Ovary of the flowers grows into the fruit.
2. Peudocarp (false fruits) It is often found that other
floral parts such as thalamus, receptacle or calyx, may grow and form a part of fruit.
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True Fruits & False True Fruits & False FruitsFruits
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Fruits Fruits
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Types of the fruitsTypes of the fruitsIf the ovules don’t get fertilized, the seedless fruits are formed.
Depending upon the number of carpels present in the flowers, the classification of fruits are as follows.
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Simple fruitsSimple fruitsOne fruit from single ovary
Depending upon mesocarp, they are dry or fleshy.
Mesocarp we eat.
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Dry fruitDry fruit
3 types1.Dehiscent2.Indehiscent3.Schiozocarpic
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Dehiscent Dry FruitsDehiscent Dry FruitsSplit open when ripeBurst to liberate the seeds.Dry fruits which at maturity open by definite
natural beans to shed the contained seeds.
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i. Legume- A dry dehiscent fruit developed from 1 carpel and at maturity splitting along both the dorsal and ventral sutures. (beans,peas).
ii. Follicle- A dry dehiscent fruit developed from 1 carpel and at maturity splitting along only one suture. (larkspur, columbine)
iii. Capsule- A dry dehiscent fruit developed from several carpels.
Types of Dehiscent FruitsTypes of Dehiscent Fruits
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LEGUMELEGUMEThe legume splits along two lines of
dehiscence following maturation and drying.
The legume type fruit is derived from a simple ovary (one carpel) with two rows of ovules.
This type of fruit structure is characteristic of peas, beans and peanuts.
The peanut is one of the few legumes that does not split open when ripe. This is probably because the fruit of the peanut develops in the soil rather than in the air.
Legume/pod Legume/pod
Legume/pod Dry monocarpellary, burst from both
sutures e.g. Pea
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CAPSULECAPSULE
A dry dehiscent fruit developed from several carpels.
Unlike the legume, the capsule is composed of more than one carpel.
Fruits like the lily split length-wise into sections corresponding to the number of carpels.
CapsuleCapsuleCapsule
Dry more chambered fruit e.g. Lady’s finger
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FOLLICLEFOLLICLEA dry dehiscent fruit developed from 1
carpel and at maturity splitting along only one suture. (larkspur, columbine)
Columbine and milkweed plants produce fruit that is known as a follicle.
Fruit of the Follicle type develop from a single ripened ovary and split once to release their seeds.
The split is always lengthwise, along one edge of the carpel. Legumes you remember split along two edges of the carpel.
FollicleFollicle
Follicle Dry monocarpellary, burst from one suture
e.g. Anise & magnolia
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SiliquaSiliquaSiliqua
Bicarpellary, burst by two margins. e.g. Radish A special long slender capsule of 2 carpels.
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SiliquaSiliqua
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Dry fruit: IndehiscentDry fruit: Indehiscent
Single carpelDoes not split when ripeDry fruits which do not open when mature to shed their seeds.
Many of this group are one seeded fruits
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Dry fruit: IndehiscentDry fruit: Indehiscent
TYPES OF INDEHISCENT FRUITSTYPES OF INDEHISCENT FRUITS
a.Achene d. grain
b.Nut e. Schizocarp
c.Samara
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Dry fruit: IndehiscentDry fruit: Indehiscent
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ACHENE A one-seeded, dry, indehiscent fruit;
the one seed is attached to the fruit wall at a single point.
(buttercups, dandelion, sunflower).
one seed which is free of the pericarp (fruit wall)
Achenemonocarpellary, free from pericarpCannabis (bhang), rose.
AcheneAchene
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Dry fruit: IndehiscentDry fruit: Indehiscent
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NUTNUT• A dry, indehiscent, one seeded fruit
similar to an achenebut with the wall greatly thickened and hardened.
• (beech, chestnut, oak, hazel; walnut and hickory - note: because of extrafloral bracts, or "husk", the latter two fruits are sometimes called "drupes").
NutBi or polycarpellaryEnclosed by pericarp (leathery in chestnut, woody in
walnut)
NutNut
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CaryopsisCaryopsis
CaryopsisMonocarpellary ovary.one seed which has the seed coat fused to the
pericarpPericarp Fused with seed coat.Rice, maize
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CypselaCypselaCypsela
Bicarpellary, free pericarp and seed coat freeSunflower, cosmos.
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SAMARASAMARATricarpellary, one /two seeded fruit
flattened wing like out growthDioscorea.,chilbil.
A one- or two-seeded dry, indehiscent fruit in which part of the fruit wall grows out into a wing. (elm, maple, ash).
an achene with a wing for wind dispersal
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Dry fruit: IndehiscentDry fruit: Indehiscent
SamaraSamara
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Schizocarpic/splitting Schizocarpic/splitting fruits fruits
Intermediate between dehiscent and indehiscent
Bi or polycarpellary ovaryHard and woody pericarp
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LomentumLomentumLomentum
No. of One seeded compartments e.g. Ground nut,Mimosa(chuimui),Babool
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CremocarpCremocarp
Cremocarp Two chambered fruit e.g. Fennel,Coriander,Carrot
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Double SamaraDouble SamaraDouble Samara
Two samaras splits into wing and seed e.g. Maple,Hiptage
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Fleshy fruits Fleshy fruits A fruit in which the wall becomes soft and
fleshy as it matures.
1. Drupe2. Berry3. Pome4. Pepo5. Hesperidium6. Balausta7. Amphisarca
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Fleshy fruit: DrupesDrupesOne seeded or more seededSeed within stony endocarp
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A one-seeded simple fruit developed from a superior ovary
the innermost portion of the wall (endocarp) becomes hard and stony,
the outermost part (exocarp) becomes a relatively thin skin,
the middle portion between the skin and the stone (mesocarp) becomes either fleshy or fibrous. (cherry)
Fleshy fruit: DrupesDrupesOne seeded or more seededSeed within stony endocarp
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If a fruit is fleshy and it has a hard stony pit containing a seed it is classified as a drupe.
Drupes are covered by a thin skin derived from the outer tissue layer of the ovary.
The soft fleshy tissue below the skin is derived from the middle layer of the ovary and the hard stony pit is derived from the inner tissue layer of the ovary.
Cracking the pit open reveals a single seed formed from an ovule contained within the ovary of the flower.
Coconuts have fibrous walls instead of the fleshy walls found in most drupes.
Fleshy fruit: DrupesDrupesOne seeded or more seededSeed within stony endocarp
Peach, plum, apricot, cherry Skin = exocarpEat mesocarpPit = endocarp
AlmondMesocarp dries and separatesEndocarp is hard to softEat seed
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Fleshy fruit: BerriesBerriesOne pistil (carpel) One or many seed
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A simple fruit in which the ovary wall or at least its inner portions become enlarged and usually juicy. (grape, banana, gooseberry).Two special types of berry-like fruits may be singled out for special consideration.
Fleshy fruit: BerriesBerriesOne pistil (carpel) One or many seed
• Four fused carpels• Tomato, brinjal,
grapes
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Fleshy fruit: PomesLeathery carpelsEdible portion is receptacle
• Two or more carpellary with inferior ovary• a pome (after the French name for an apple
: pomme) • An accessory fleshy fruit formed by a group
of carpels more or less firmly united with each other and surrounded by and united to the floral tube or receptacle.
• (apple, pear, mountain ash). • consists of tissue derived from the ovary
and from the perianth.For this reason it is often called an accessory fruit
• A pome is an accessory fruit composed of five or more carpels in which the exocarp forms an inconspicuous layer.
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Fleshy fruit: PomesLeathery carpelsEdible portion is receptacle
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Fleshy fruit: PepoPepo
Inferior flower, > 1 carpelReceptacle surrounds pericarp to form rind
Berry with a relatively hard rind.WatermelonCucumberSquashPumpkin
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Fleshy fruit: PepoPepo
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Fleshy fruit: PepoPepo
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Fleshy fruit: PepoPepo
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Fleshy fruit: BalaustaBalausta
Many chambered, many seeded Tough pericarp with red or white
seed Pomegranate
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Fleshy fruit: HesperidiumHesperidiumMany carpellary with superiour ovaryFused mesocarpThis is a special type of berry in
which a leathery rind forms the interior of the fruit divided by
septa, indicating the number of carpels.
Orange, lemon
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Fleshy fruit: HesperidiumHesperidium
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Fleshy fruit: HesperidiumHesperidium
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Aggregate fruitAggregate fruit
Collection of simple fruit developed from a flower having no. of free carpels, ripen toghter, less maturity called aggregate fruit.
Known as ‘Etaerio’or aggregate fruit.
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Etaerio of drupesEtaerio of drupes
Etaerio of drupes e.g. raspberry
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Etaerio of achenesEtaerio of achenesEtaerio of achenes e.g. Strawberry
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Etaerio of follicleEtaerio of follicle
Etaerio of follicle e.g. Calotropis (madar),Catharanthus (sadabhar)
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Etaerio of berriesEtaerio of berriesEtaerio of berries e.g. custard-apple (saripha)
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Multiple/composite fruitMultiple/composite fruit
Composed of a number of closely associated flowers aggregate together is called multiple fruit.
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SorosisSorosis
Sorosis Developing from spike in which flowers
fused by sepals and becomes woody. Pineapple
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Syconus Syconus Syconus
Developing from hypanthodium, pear-shaped which encloses number of minute male and female flowers.
Banyan, peepul, fig.
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False fruitsSometimes, a part from the ovary, the
other floral parts like thalamus, receptacle or calyx grow and form the part of the fruit and such as fruits is known as false fruit or pseudocarp. E.g.
I. Strawberry-thalamusII.Cashew nut-peduncle and thalamusIII.Apple-thalamusIV.Marking nut-peduncleV.Rose-thalamus
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After fertilization a series of changes takes place in the
ovule and as a result the seed is formed.
Morphology of seeds
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Seeds Structures
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A Dicotyledons seedsParts of exalbuminous seeds
E.g. Gram, Pea, Country bean, Gourd, Tamarid, Mango, etc.
Seed coat: inner layer is tegmen and outlayer is testa which are provided with hilum, micropyle and raphe.
The embryo lying within consists of an axil and two fleshy cotyledons laden with food materil.
Hypocotyl gives rise to root.
Epicotyl gives rise to shoot.
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A Monocotyledonous seedParts of albumious seeds
E.g. wheat, rice, maize, onion, palm etc.
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BYVIJAY SIR.
THANK YOU
BY :-Vijay K Verma (9235776124)
COMING BACK WITH NEXT CHAPTER
