Types of Federalism

Chronology of U.S. Federalism

• 1760-1860• Founding to Civil War• 1880-1920s• Post-Bellum Expansion and Progressive Era• 1930s- 1960• New Deal and World War II, Postwar Prosperity• 1960s-1970s• Great Society and Viet Nam War• 1970s-1999• New Federalisms

Dual Federalism

1789-1932 Dual Federalism• Courts typically found in favor of the states in disputed

law• Some exceptions: ie. McCullough• Progressives enacted minimum wage laws for women

workers, • instituted industrial accident insurance• restricted child labor• improved factory regulation. • Expanded schools• FDA regulations of drugs and meat• Railroads and Anti-trust lawsWhat changed in 1932?

Cooperative Federalism 1932-1963

• Franklin Roosevelt/New Deal

• Grants-in Aid/ Intergovernmental Transfers

• Examples: Forest Fire Prevention, Vocational Education, Maternal health etc.

• Very specific

• After 1960’s broad use of funds such as revenue sharing and block grants

Dual versus Cooperative

Centralized Federalism 1960-1970

National Government forced states to implement policy by intergovernmental transfers (Grants-in-aid)

Medicare/Medicaid

Birth Control

Federal Aid to Schools

Consumer Safety- Auto/Highway Acts

War on Poverty- Food Stamps/ Job Corps

DEVOLUTION- NEW FEDERALISM 1970-1990s

Nixon and Regan- wanted to return power to the states… give them back policy control

Less social programs, Less Central Control, Less Spending

But as always…. We argue about

What programs, What spending, and What policies to dissolve.

CURRENT- CONFLICTED FEDERALISM

• All of the above.

• How do we have dual?

• How do we have coordinating?

• How do we have centralized?

• How do we devolve?