Types of Claims (319-324)

By: Aaron Michaels

Types of Claims

FactValuePolicy

Claim of Facts

Statement about something real

Can be proven correct or incorrect

Relies on claim’s accuracy

Make sure support is complete

DataThe number of trucking accidents has increased 10% in the last year

ClaimRoadways have become more dangerous in the last year

WarrantThe number of accidents shows issues with safety

Claim of Fact (Cont.)

DataThe number of unqualified truckers has doubled in the last 10 years

ClaimRoadways have become more dangerous in the ten last year

WarrantThe chances of being in a accident on a roadway has increased in the last 10 years

Reservation/RebuttalUnless the total number of accidents and deaths has decreased in the last 10 years

Claim of Fact (Cont.)

Past – near or distant pastU.S. immigration reached its

peak in the early 20th Century

Present – current conditionUnemployment is down from

six months ago Future – predictionThe United States will not elect

a woman president or vice president before the turn of the century

Values

Represents judgment about the world

Cannot be verified Make relative judgment

about what is good and bad Example – sacrificing

personal freedom for safety (traffic road blocks for drunk drivers)

Four types of Values

Moral – relate to judgment about what’s right or wrong

Artistic – affects the way people answer such questions as what is beautiful or ugly

Political – refer to those things that are thought to be important within the governmental structure

Pragmatic – refer to being practical or impractical

DataAbortion is killing of a embryo or fetus

ClaimAbortion is morally wrong

WarrantKilling someone is murder

Claims of Policy

Statement about what should be done or how it should be done

Usually built around claim of fact and value

DataUnit 5’s total GPA has increased for each class

ClaimMandatory study halls are working

WarrantGPA is an indicator that study

halls work

Questions

What are the three types of claims? What are the four types of values? What claim can be proven correct/incorrect?