Types, Naming & Explaining

COMPOUNDS

Learning Goals

• I CAN EXPLAIN THE PROPERTIES OF IONIC & MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

DO NOT COPY DOWN THE FOLLOWING

SLIDES

The millions of types of compounds that have been discovered and described can be categorized as one of two types: IonicMolecular

TYPES OF COMPOUNDS

Composed of at least one metal and one nonmetal.Most share the following properties:

High melting points Form crystals, very regular arrangements of particles Dissolve in water to form solutions that conduct

electricity Solids at room temperature

Example: NaCl (salt)

IONIC COMPOUNDS

The transfer of electrons from the metal to the nonmetal.

Causes metal to form positive ion and nonmetal to form negative ion.

Opposites attract and they arrange themselves in an alternating pattern called a crystal arrangement.

HOW DO IONIC COMPOUNDS FORM?

IONIC COMPOUNDS

When two or more non-metals combine together.Atoms SHARE electrons to obtain stability.Example: Sugar (C12H22O11)Share the following properties:

Can be solids, liquids or gases Usually good insulators but poor conductors Have relatively low boiling points

MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

NAMING COMPOUNDS

Step #1

Step #2

Step #2Step #3Naming Step #1

Step #4Naming Step #1

Step #3Naming Step #1

Step #4Naming Step #2

Yes

No

Step #5Naming Step #3

Is the first element a metal?

QUESTION

It’s made up of a metal and a non-metal.

Example: CaCl2

Name: __________ _________

IT’S AN IONIC COMPOUND

Write down the name of the element that is the METAL (the first element in the formula)

Example: CaCl2

Name: Calcium _________

NAMING STEP #1

Name the non-metal element second. The ending of its name changes to “ide”

Example: CaCl2

Name: Calcium Chloride

NAMING STEP #2

It’s made up of two non-metals

Example: N2O5

Name: __ ________ __ _______

IT’S AN MOLECULAR COMPOUND

Write down the name of the first element.

Example: N2O5

Name: __nitrogen __ _______

NAMING STEP #1

Name the second element. The ending of its name changes to “ide”

Example: N2O5

Name: __nitrogen __oxide

NAMING STEP #2

Add prefixes indicating the number of atoms of each element.

Example: N2O5

Name: dinitrogen pentaoxide

NAMING STEP #3

Prefixes You Need to Know:

Mono = 1 Di = 2Tri = 3 Tetra = 4Penta = 5 Hexa = 6Hepta = 7 Octa = 8

NOW THE FORMULAS!!

The Question

Molecular Compound Step #1

Molecular CompoundStep #2

Yes

No

Ionic Compoun

d

MolecularCompoun

d

Ionic CompoundStep #1

Ionic CompoundStep #3a

Ionic CompoundStep #2a

Ionic CompoundStep #2b

Ionic CompoundStep #3b

Is the first element a metal?

QUESTION

Identify the ions and their charges.

Example: aluminum oxide 3+ 2- Rough work: Al O

IONIC COMPOUNDS STEP #1

IONIC COMPOUNDS STEP #2A

Picture the charges sitting on a teeter-totter. How many of each atom would you need to balance out each side?

Example: aluminum oxide

3+ 2- Rough work: Al O

Al3+

Al3+

Al3+Al3+

Al3+Al3+

O2-

O2-O2-

O2-

O2-O2-

O2-O2-

Total = 2 atoms 3 atoms

IONIC COMPOUNDS #3A

Write the final of ratio of atoms in the element.

Example: aluminum oxide

Answer: Al2O3

Al3+Al3+ O2-O2-O2-

Total = 2 atoms 3 atoms

Write the symbols for each of the elements in the compound.

Example: nitrogen trifluoride

Formula: N F

MOLECULAR COMPOUND CHEMICAL FORMULAS: PART #1

Write the subscript to indicate the number of atoms based on the prefix. Do not write the number 1.

Example: nitrogen trifluoride

Formula: N F3

MOLECULAR COMPOUND CHEMICAL FORMULAS: PART #2

Prefixes You Need to Know:

Mono = 1 Di = 2Tri = 3 Tetra = 4Penta = 5 Hexa = 6Hepta = 7 Octa = 8