Type of defect in welding proceses

A. Excessive dressing (underflushing) A reduction in metal thickness caused by the removal of the surface of a weld and

adjacent areas to below the surface of the parent metal.

B. Grinding mark Grooves in the surface of parent metal or of weld made by a grinding wheel or

surfacing tool.

C. Tool mark (chipping mark) An indentation in the surface of parent metal or of a weld, resulting from the

application of a tool, e.g a chipping tool, in preparation or dressing.

D. Hammer tool An indentation in the surface of parent metal or of a weld due to a hammer blow.

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E. Torn surface A surface irregularity due to the breaking off of temporary attachments.

F. Crack A linear discontinuity produced by fracture. Crack may be longitudinal, transverse,

adge, crater, centerline, fusion zone, underbead, weld metal or parent metal.

G. Lack of fusion Lack of union in a weld:

a) Between weld metal & parent metal.b) Between parent metal & parent metal.c) Between weld metal & weld metal

H. Linear inclusion An inclusion of linear form situated parallel to the axis of a weld.

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I. Oxide inclusion Metallic oxide entrapped during welding.

J. Tungsten inclusion An inclusion of tungsten from the electrode in tungsten inert-gas.

K. Copper inclusion An inclusion of copper due to the accidental melting of the contact tube or nozzle

in self-adjusting and controlled-arc welding or to pick-up by contact between the copper nozzle and the molten pool in metal inert-gas welding.

L. Gas pore A cavity, generally under 1.5mm in diameter, formed by entrapped gas during the

solidification of molten metal.

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M. Blowhole A cavity, generally over 1.5mm in diameter, formed by entrapped gas during the

solidification of molten metal.

N. Porosity A group of gas pores.

O. Localised porosity Porosity confined to a small area of a weld

P. Linear porosity A string of a gas pores situated parallel to the axis of a weld

Q. Elongated cavity A large non-spherical cavity with its major dimension parallel to the axis of the

weld.

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R. Shrinkage cavity A cavity, due to the shrinkage of metal whilst in a plastic condition.

S. Wormhole A tubular cavity in weld metal caused by release of gas. The shape and position of

wormhole is determined by the mode of solidification and the sources of the gas and they may be distributed in a hearing-bone formation.

T. Burnthrough A localized collapse of the molten pool due to excessive penertration, resulting in a

hole in the weld run.

U. Puckering The formation of an oxide-covered weld run or bead with irregular surfaces and

with deeply entrained oxide films, that can occur when materials forming refractory oxides (e.g. aluminium and its alloys) are being welded.

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V. Flux inclusion Flux entrapped in the weld metal. According to circumstances such inclusion

maybe: linear, isolated, other.

W. Excessive reinforcement An excess of weld metal at the face of the butt weld.

X. Misalignment Misalignment between two welded pieces such that whilst their surface planes are

parallel their projected surfaces are not at the required level. Misalignment between two welded pieces such that their surface planes are not parallel (or a the intended angle).

Y. Arc strike Local damage to the surface of the parent metal adjacent to weld resulting from

accidental arcing or striking the arc outside the weld groove.

Z. Spatter Globules of weld metal or filler expellad during welding and adhering to the

surface of parent metal or solidified weld metal.

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