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ch.5.notebook 1 February 20, 2014 Feb 207:43 AM Ch. 5 TwoCycle and FourCycle Engines

TwoCycle and - Amazon Web Services · Scavengingremoval of gases from ... special contour on piston head, which ... February 20, 2014 Feb 209:00 AM LoopScavenged Flat or domed piston

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Page 1: TwoCycle and - Amazon Web Services · Scavengingremoval of gases from ... special contour on piston head, which ... February 20, 2014 Feb 209:00 AM LoopScavenged Flat or domed piston

ch.5.notebook

1

February 20, 2014

Feb 20­7:43 AM

Ch. 5 

Two­Cycle and 

Four­Cycle Engines

Page 2: TwoCycle and - Amazon Web Services · Scavengingremoval of gases from ... special contour on piston head, which ... February 20, 2014 Feb 209:00 AM LoopScavenged Flat or domed piston

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­7:44 AM

Stroke of the piston is its movement in the cylinder from one end of its travel to the other

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­7:46 AM

Four­stroke cycle engine

4 strokes

1.Intake

2.Compression

3.Power

4.Exhaust

Page 4: TwoCycle and - Amazon Web Services · Scavengingremoval of gases from ... special contour on piston head, which ... February 20, 2014 Feb 209:00 AM LoopScavenged Flat or domed piston

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­7:47 AM

Intake Stroke

Piston traveling downward

Volume of space in cylinder increases

Creates a vacuum, draws in air/fuel mixture

Intake valve open, atmospheric pressure forces air through the carburetor

Page 5: TwoCycle and - Amazon Web Services · Scavengingremoval of gases from ... special contour on piston head, which ... February 20, 2014 Feb 209:00 AM LoopScavenged Flat or domed piston

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­7:49 AM

Intake Valve Functions1. Must open at correct instant to permit intake of air­fuel mixture

2. Must close at correct time and seal during compression

3. Its shape must be streamlined, so the flow of gases into combustion chamber will not be obstructed

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­7:50 AM

Compression StrokeCreated by piston moving upward in the cylinder

Squeezing action while both valves are closed

Valves sealed, piston rings prevent leakage past the piston

Page 7: TwoCycle and - Amazon Web Services · Scavengingremoval of gases from ... special contour on piston head, which ... February 20, 2014 Feb 209:00 AM LoopScavenged Flat or domed piston

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­7:51 AM

As the piston moves upward, the air­fuel mixture is compressed into a smaller space. This increases the force of combustion for two reasons:1. When the tiny molecules of air and fuel are squeezed together, heat energy is creaed. The air/fuel mixture is heated close to its flashpoint(will ignite spontaneously) When it ignites, it is instaneous and complete for all of air/fuel mixture

2. The force of combustion is increased because tightly packed molecules(air/fuel mixture) are highly activated and are striving to move apart. This energy, combined with the expanding energy of combustion, provides tremendous force against the piston

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­7:56 AM

Power Stroke

both valves closed

As the piston compresses the charge and reaches the top of the cylinder, an electrical spark jumps the gap and ignites the air­fuel mixture

Force of explosion forces the piston downward

Page 9: TwoCycle and - Amazon Web Services · Scavengingremoval of gases from ... special contour on piston head, which ... February 20, 2014 Feb 209:00 AM LoopScavenged Flat or domed piston

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­7:57 AM

Power Stroke

Fuel charge must ignite and expand in short time

Amount of power produced by power stroke depends on the volume of air/fuel mixture in the cylinder and the compression ratio of the engine

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­8:08 AM

Compression Ratio

proportionate difference in volume of cylinder and combustion chamber at bottom dead center (BDC) and at top dead center (TDC)

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­8:10 AM

After the piston has completed the power stroke, the burned gases must be removed from cylinder before introducing a fresh air/fuel mixture

exhaust valve opens and rising piston pushes gases from cylinder

Page 12: TwoCycle and - Amazon Web Services · Scavengingremoval of gases from ... special contour on piston head, which ... February 20, 2014 Feb 209:00 AM LoopScavenged Flat or domed piston

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­8:33 AM

Exhaust Valve

When closed, it must seal

When open, it must allow streamlined flow of exhaust gases through the port

Scavenging­removal of gases from cylinder

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­8:38 AM

Heat Transfer

Heat must be controlled or the valve will deteriorate rapidly

The hottest part of the valve, the valve head, transfers heat through the valve seat to the cylinder block

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­8:39 AM

Valve Timing

Top Dead Center (TDC)

Bottom Dead Center(TDC)

If timing marks are aligned on camshaft and crankshaft, the valve timing will take care of itself

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­8:41 AM

Valve Overlap­occurs when both valves are open at the same time

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­8:51 AM

LubricationPlace correct quantity and grade of engine oil in the crankcase

Splash and pump are two most common methods

Must be drained and and replaced periodically

Must be operated in upright position to lubricate properly

Page 17: TwoCycle and - Amazon Web Services · Scavengingremoval of gases from ... special contour on piston head, which ... February 20, 2014 Feb 209:00 AM LoopScavenged Flat or domed piston

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­8:53 AM

Two­Stroke CycleIntake, compression, power and exhaust strokes take place during only two strokes of the piston

Only takes one revolution of the shaft to complete one two­stroke cycle

Page 18: TwoCycle and - Amazon Web Services · Scavengingremoval of gases from ... special contour on piston head, which ... February 20, 2014 Feb 209:00 AM LoopScavenged Flat or domed piston

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­8:56 AM

Two­strokeSmaller, lighter 

Will get adequate lubrication at extreme angles because it recieves lubrication as fuel is mixed with oil and is passed through the engine

Must install correct mixture of fuel and oil

Page 19: TwoCycle and - Amazon Web Services · Scavengingremoval of gases from ... special contour on piston head, which ... February 20, 2014 Feb 209:00 AM LoopScavenged Flat or domed piston

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­8:57 AM

Variations in Design of Two­Cycle

Cross­scavenged

Loop­scavenged

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­8:58 AM

Cross­Scavengedspecial contour on piston head, which acts as a baffle to deflect air­fuel charge upward in cylinder

Usually have reed valves­hold incoming charge in crankcase so it can be compressed

Piston acts as a valve in opening and closing intake

Page 21: TwoCycle and - Amazon Web Services · Scavengingremoval of gases from ... special contour on piston head, which ... February 20, 2014 Feb 209:00 AM LoopScavenged Flat or domed piston

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­9:00 AM

Loop­ScavengedFlat or domed piston.

The fuel transfer ports in loop­scavenged engines are shaped so that the incoming air­fuel mixture swirls

Forces gases out and permits new air in

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­9:03 AM

Principles of Operation

Location of ports is essential to correct timing of intake, transfer, and exhaust functions

Page 23: TwoCycle and - Amazon Web Services · Scavengingremoval of gases from ... special contour on piston head, which ... February 20, 2014 Feb 209:00 AM LoopScavenged Flat or domed piston

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­9:04 AM

Intake into CrankcaseAs piston moves upward into the cylinder, crankcase pressure drops and intake port is exposed

Atmospheric pressure is greater than crankcase pressure, air rushes through the carburetor and into the crankcase

While passing through the carburetor, the intake air pulls a charge of fuel and oil along

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­9:07 AM

Fuel Transfer

Piston moves downward

Transfer port opens, new charge cools combustion area and pushes out exhaust gases

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­9:08 AM

Ignition Power

Piston travels upward, compresses air­fuel charge in cylinder to about 1/10 of volume

Spark ignites at TDC

Page 26: TwoCycle and - Amazon Web Services · Scavengingremoval of gases from ... special contour on piston head, which ... February 20, 2014 Feb 209:00 AM LoopScavenged Flat or domed piston

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­9:09 AM

Exhaust

Piston exposes exhaust port, most of burned gases are expelled

Other gases escape when new air­fuel mixture rushes in

COMPLETES ONE CYCLE

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­9:13 AM

SCAVENGING and TUNING

Best efficiency­ fuel charge must be held in the cylinder momentarily while the exhaust port is open

Well engineered exhaust systems use the energy of sound waves from the exhaust gases for proper tuning

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­9:15 AM

Rotary Disc valve Engine

Intake port located directly in the crankcase, allowing room for additional transfer ports that promote better fuel transfer and scavenging

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February 20, 2014

Feb 20­9:17 AM

Reed Valve Engine

permits fuel intake directly into the crankcase

Reed is made of thin, flexible spring steel

Reed stop­stops reed valve from opening too far, thick and inflexible