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Two Types of Maps:
Reference Maps- Show locations of places and geographic
features- Absolute locations
What are reference maps used for?
Thematic Maps- Tell a story about the degree of an attribute,
the pattern of its distribution, or its movement.
- Relative locations
What are thematic maps used for?
Geographic Information System:a collection of computer hardware and software that permits storage and analysis of layers of spatial data.
Reliability of Population Data, Fertility/Mortality/Birth rate
Precursor to Demographic Transition Model
Population Change Measured:
• Crude Birth Rate (CBR)• Crude Death Rate (CDR)• Natural Increase Rate (NIR)
Crude Birth Rate: CBR
• Total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people.– What does a CBR of 50 mean?
Natural Increase Rate: NIR
• Percent by which a population grows in a year– Subtract CDR from CBR after converting the
numbers to percentages– CDR 5 per 1000– CBR 20 per 1000
Natural Increase Rate:
• NATURAL increase rate: How the population naturally increases.
• Does this include migration to and from the country?
Doubling Time
• Rate of natural increase affects the doubling time: number of years needed to double a population (constant rate of natural increase)
• Rate of 1.2: in 2100 the population would be 24 billion
Differences in Growth Rates:
• Fertility rates• Mortality rates• We use both to explain how countries and
regions vary in population growth (or even population decline)
Fertility• Crude Birth Rates: total number of live births a
year per 1000 people.• CBRs mirror Natural increase rates (NIRs) on
maps
Mortality
• Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)– Annual number of deaths of infants under 1 per 1000
live births• Life Expectancy
Mortality:
• Life expectancy:– Average number of years a newborn
infant can expect to live – High life expectancy where?
Government Policies: Cont’d
• Restrictive Population Policies– China: 1-child policy
(housing privileges, financial opportunities, education)• Abortion, female
infanticide, orphan girls
– India
Push Factors vs. Pull Factors• Push Factor: induces people to move out of their location
• Pull factor: induces people to move into a new location
I think I need to move…
Impact of Immigration
• Diffusion of culture– Religion– Art– Music– Literature– Philosophy– Ethics– Cultural traditions
Impact of Illegal Immigration• Immigration allowance: high• 11.9mil undocumented, +500,000
come each year• 59% from Mexico• 22% from Latin America• 12% from Asia