risnri TWO

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IIIII L2~ IIIII~ 1.4 111111.6

MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS-1963-A •

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF· JUSTICE LAW ENFORCEMENt~SSISTANCEADMIN'ISTRATION NATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFERENCE SERVICE WASHINGTON" D.C. 20531

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STATE OF FLORIDA Fl.ORIDA PAROLE AND PROBATION CO~lMISSION

A STATISTICAL STUDY:r-­AN OFFENDER PROFILE - ROBBERY

DIVISION OF PLANNING AND EVALUATION

SUNIL B. NATHJ DIRECTOR

MAY J 1975

.\ l

I i 1

If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov.

~ STATISTICAL STUDY:

AN OFFENDER PROFILE -·ROBBERY

(In partial fu.lfillment·of LEAA Grant 73-08-10)

DIVIstON OF PLANNING AND EVALUATION

SUNIL B. NATHJ DIRECTOR

study Staff:

Paul R. lvIaurer James c. Payne II, PhD.

Assisting Staff:

Wanjenell Barrentine

Statistician I Planning and Evaluation

Supervisor

Secreta.ry II

~--~. ~ .r.r

Table of Contents

1. Offender Surnma:ry- Robbery

2. Variable Charts

A. Race by Sex

B. Education

C. Alcohol Use

D. Drug Use

E. Alcohol and Dl.'Ug Use code explanations

F. Previous Arrests

G. Prior Prison canmitments

H. Felony convictions

I. Misdemeanor Convictions

J. Total Juvenile COmui tments

K. Escapes

L. Parole Violations

M. Paroles

N. Probations

Page

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1 ~,.1

ROBBERY

Robbery, one of the theft offenses, and a crime against

property, is also a crime against a person. A factor which

sets it apart from the other theft offenses is that property

is unlawfully taken from the person or in the immediate pre­

sence of another by threat or instilling fear.

Florida Statutes, Chapter 813.011, states:

"Whoever, by force, violence or assault or putting in fear, feloniously robs, steals and takes away from the person or custody of another, money or other property which may be the subject of larceny, shall be guilty of a felony of the first degree, punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for life or for any lesser term of years at the discre­tion of the court."l

The elements of the offense of Robbery include:

1. an unlawful taking; 2. of personal property; 3. from the person or in the immediate presence of

another; 4. by t~reat or instilling fear; 5. with intent to deprive the O\vner of the property; 6. and with the intent to put the property to the

use or benefit of the taker 2

Robbery can be divided into two types, armed and unarmed.

Under each of these types can be included attempted robbery

and assault, attempt, or conspiracy t,o commit robbery (See

following chart).

IFlorida Statutes, Volume II, 1973, Chapter 813

2Introduction to the Criminal Justice System, Hazel B. Kerper, West Publishing Company, St. Paul, Minn. 1972, page 132

!

I

(2)

ROb~ery

Arn~e-.d~--------------~--------------u-n-a~rbed

Ro~bery RObbfry

Atte~pted Assault,J Attempt Robbery or Conspiracy to

commit Robbery

METHODOLOGY

This study is one of six offense profiles on selected

offenses from a data base of 3986 cases. The data base was

developed from information recorded on each incoming inmate

into Florida's prison system. The instrument used to collect

these data ~las the Florida Parole and Probation Commission IS

Parole Information and Prediction From. The period of tim~

which this study encompasses is from October 1972 to October

1974. These data were later placed on computer tapes from

which the following data was retrieved.

The selection of the offenses was based .on the offenses

with the highest number of cases.

From this data base of 3986, Robbery ranks second with a

subpopulation Of~} which represents 17.2% of the data base.

The offense profiles consist of thirteen variables listed below:

1. Race by Sex 8. 2. Education 9. 3. Alcohol Use 10. 4. Drug Use 11. 5. Felony Convictions 12. 6. Misdemeanor Convictions 13. 7. Previous Arrests

Prior Prison Commitments Prior Juvenile Commitments Escapes Parole Violations Paroles Probations

There is a chart for each of the above variables. Because

of missing data on some of the variables there will be differences

in the total number of cases eN) on some of the charts.

II

--~--- --~

~------~--- -

(3)

AverDge Robberv Offender .... _.---_ . ..- .. -.,'"---" .. -----_ ........

Based on this subpopu14tiol1 't11G aVCJ:'agc Robbery offender

has the follo'iil.rlg profile:

He is a blar'k mala (6lf~ or 0116) "'ith s,ome high scLool

education (57% or 390); .

uses a1coh(1l moderatelY (54~ or 368)i

has no bistory or knovm use of drugH (45% or 306) i has 11,0 pJ:evious

arrest (24% or 163 h has no prior pd. eon cor:llrd.tmcnts (73!d or

SOl) i has no prior. misd(;meanor convictions (GOt or 412) i has

no prior felony convictions (68% or 463); ",1as 11.0t comrnittcd

as a juvenile (72~ o~ 489)i has never escaped (94t or 646);

has never. been on probation (85% or 58:') OJ: pnrole (91% or (21);

and has never viola tad parole (95~ or 649).

i

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\

iI"" 'II' II' 'II' I' ; 'I; i ' ij ~='~, L:"'::,I ',~~-~ i __ ' ,"\i !f'1 r -1 'I, T'''' '1 f I'~ I. I' r I. " < , ' f -~. ~'~'-'';''~" :"""~" ,~. : - " f", .~,l f _ A.' ~ : ! .,,_. I..... r " . i , Si" 11'1 • •• .~! ".:::' ~:C: '

~ ,

Chart A Robbery- Variable: Race bv Sex -, O::"Fill~S3 roBBERY

- r --, ! t f ! I . ' ,

PAm ~arm l~iHI'IE I BIi\CI~ BLACK1j

~ }!WE !,7UE !lXE, r~l ~ . ,,, ~-, .~ . ...--.. __ ... ,1== '1' -.

100 1 I I

W {::> ~ ;:::

H r::> ~ P-I

c,r-J 1 .. u : I

I J

30-1 I I '

! I I 7u! I J 1 60.7

1 60-1 ,L-:--:_, ,-"

i ~/,l

5o-J 1<, "'1 , 'I

! ' ! " I /:." . I J /' .UI 3~o 9 I' 1 • I !"

~/' / ,1 I' '/;'<~l' 30-1'// ~// , / ~ / / .

/// /'1 • //.1 i/ // / I ! /yl

?"--~/ i / I _v, ~t "/,' t. • t / •

V I \//1 IJ-'~; 1/, I, V.'<, 1/ ! i/ / J 1? I "11 ., , .... 'f _t&- " .L

! ,/1 !/' I . o V / / .~. ,', l-.-.--.-. i----'-- ~' , ".' , , : ~ t !

FE::;.::,xCY11 253 I 8 416 l 8 by C22!"d)I>Y. 1 I

!x=lO~~ 685=100%

Chart B Robb~~y- Varic.blG: Education by Grades

C:?=-:2;:SZ roBRFP:f

i I ! ~ I I lEIGH I ~" I I I l' Iff '

EI:.uCt"\TIO:-J ,X~:E ,1-4 5-8', 9-12 fCHCOL1 SC:.::EJ., B/A 't!:jA gj: (by Gl'LLS) f: iGf;;lD CCDr.:EUl;. B/S I PhD

~ I' I I 1==:;====

IDO t' I I ~ I

08 -~ f I' -' 1 1

80-1 I I I I I

70"l 'I ; ! " -~ 0 f 60~ ::>1. I

r . ., i ___ I ~: / .. / t ~: / //" I ~ j / ,I ~ sn-: 1//,\ W·~ t ...... · .. -" ._/ ~ n ~

/,0"'; . 1 i

30-l ~ Ii

20~:

I, / ' ,/ ,.....1 r ... " ... ,J

I'" "I .".~ri

I 1./--:/'1 ! V;·;i • ../ II • , _

;? A j/ 'j 17.3! .# ~ ./ ;..'-.-----,.,- ~ -/ .... '" ' f ; f f ,,~ . {... /' · I I t/ .. r 'I ~.; /' .-'~ , ',1' I ;. iJ. 'r .J' ..- } '" " ~

10-' ;,' ,,' /1/ / '" .. "} I , I _ . I ' /' /f ". ,- j' 'r.~ ~ ~-'''! ' : ' ~,. !

'0 2 1" 1 " J-~ r, ~ • 0 6 • '\ ~. ; --"'. , ,,' ,,' ,. t '> I) .. ;.i I .)

i.':;~:;~~-, ~~-'--9-1 133 . 2?O liS ' ~'. 0 ~'I ~.......,..! "_ __ -...,AJ__ i

f !v:l:;C: 68 .. ::=100% i

I

~

,:,.. ......

i

\

~ f ~l

Chart C Robbery- Variable: Alcohol Use

O!:I.!:·t, ~SE ! ROBBERY

~ I

ALCOHOL* I l..1SE

I 0

l'

\ 1

~ ~ ~ ~;i g ~ ~

_ .. _J 100 \

I

90-1 ! 1

81 7~ 60-

I .- - "

54.0

'r~>', kf~· 34.3~' . . /,/ / 1//'/ / / /

50-1

4cr-j

30-1

20-

2 3 4

. J I

I

I

I I

' . I I

I I I I I

i

lCH'/ /~,/i/ / 1 0.9J '~//.J' 1.0 I ,/ ,/ / '//~1--71

. a f/' ,/~ c' ;"'-\' _ I ~~~,1234136816 1 67 . ' I

: 9.8 ! ~l

'"""- I

I NFIOC% 68~ L--., . L.=100%

*See folic-wing page for list of cedes

, 11111 I· ·"I;·I~ ; '} ; \ ( \ ,: :.' :

~ :.-~ Ll ! .. ):. __ , .. ___.__ ~, .. ~"">'<- '~.- ... , ~,,--- .. ~ ',' "~~"""" ,,~,~ .. ,. ."';,."."~.,.

Chart D Robbery- Variable: Druo Use .

fi O.:'.!::.ti~SE

~

ft RJBBEP'~ " I

I

I i I ~ f ff I DRUG* ~

USE ~ 0 I 1 2 I 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 r ;

-' ,f

l .. 100 , I

I I I . I I

90-1 I I I

i I l I I

SO-g I I I ! ,

I 70 -I I I I I

I I I I

I ~ ~

~ 60--1

G I I rEi , ! t1 I 50 -;

&: H44.9 r.:::l J-~I , ," , ~ / ~

~O /// I I -'1 1/ //:

! 1//' / I I j//I :

! ( 1 301''//~ I I I I '// /1 I I I I I I i/'//l I I I I 20' ,',/ /' ! 17:6 i

),71 -< , / I 1 ~/ " J/ , ") 0 i

" . I' /' I :- //1 ! - .. I I ',.,',' " • .I'.j " .. __ ~ ~~ " ~ .,. .., .Y .... / t1' . "f ~,.. ..... I 1 3 ""

. I ..• 2 5 6 '/ /l . A o. I 0 L ,"V ,'., O. - 1>·"//" 1-.-1··>"'/'1_-_.1' ; •• / ,,' "!" ."" . • / ~ .4 .'t: .. - .' .1 ." ~ t ,Ii'.

['-i!-~-T.V'-""':.':",,,,-:-..y-_-I 30::1' 94 I 3' , 120! 10 I 46 9 I 73 .;:;v C~GOP"y " I : I L-. ,

" >#',

I

117 I I 4

N7IOO% 682=100%

. -

tn ~

,

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r

II, uI .-

( )

..

. ,_ .... L: i

;""- 'r~

. !

-----------.--------

(6)

Code for ~~COHOL OFFENSES

0- No use

1- l'bCierate use and was not a factor in the instant offense

2- Mcx::terate use and was a factor in the instant offense

3- Excessive use and was not a factor in the instant offense

4- Excessive use and vlaS a factor in the instant offense

Code for DRUG OFFENSES

0- No use

1- Excessive use of marijuana or past convictions for sale or p:::>ssession

2- Same as ~~ 1 and was a factor in the instant offense

3- &..-per.irrental use of any. narcoti.c or dangerous drug

4- Same as #3 ·and 'vas a factor .in the instant offense

5- Frequent use of any dangerous drug or past conviction for sale or possession

6- Sarre as #5 and 'vas a factor .in the instant offense

7- Addiction to any narcotic or past conviction for sale or p:::>ssession

8- Sarne as #7 and was a factor in the instant offer..se

9- Use of drugs unknovlI1

,.

I /'

Chart E Robbery- Variable: Previous Arrests

OE'.l!'b.'JSE ROBBEI'~

PREilU:OUS, NG1.\!E ONE 'll\\) THREE FOUR FIVE sn: (7) or I t fS~~ AIlllEmS (0) (1) I (2). (3) (4) (5) (6) 'DRE *

ffi ~'

6 § p..j

1\==100%

'=-, ! I I , I

685=100%

*Rarqe is 7-43

I

I; ) Ii I i: .I ii) .. '~'~"'. · "'-, ; ...• ' , .' ,-. -- ----1 .-- .-'- . --- . - ----~,- '. --"~"'''~ . '''~-~., ,~..,.-~~' .-,_~~2: ~L~' >~4,.,..H-~

- .

Chart F Robbery- Variable: Prior Prison Commib~ents

.;;.C'.;..1

rOEEE\:SEl--- ~-----~ --roBBEPY ---I

~ I I l' ; SEllEN PPJ:OR PRIsoJ KO:NE ONE '1\<;0 T.h.FlEE FOUP. ! FIVE SIX I (7) 0

Ca-i'IT'ITv;EN'IS ~ (0) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) . I1JRE1'

~ I i I III t. • I j

90 i I I l 1

80 ---l I 73.1

70J?~/~ , ,-0 60-i'./ /

€!I j'- // ~ 1//' . ~ .J // / ~ 50 "'/>/ 8. !.;//' ,',' l / . p:; V/ ./

40-t/ ./

3o~0 i'/,/I I , /"d 20J/<,> ' ~;/'>~116.~ I I ~//"j//jd I I I 10-1',>'/ ;"/ ./ 1 r 4 I 1_//" /, o.

o 1:',~r:>::~'~I:·-:.<J~~I.~.~~{~ i ~ I I I I I I J -":""r"I""i'r"'i I t

L ~v':':"'\:..,Y ~ 501 I no I 44 I 15 . 6 ! 2 I 4 I 3 toy O.s:-SCORY ~ l! iii

--l ~

N=lOO% 685=100%

*r:anse is 7-g

\.

~: '

~j I

_I -i 10j Ii t! !; "

'.' , .. __ ,.1 »

Chart G Chart H Robbery- Variable: Felony Convictions Robbery- Variable: Misdemeanor Convictions

. i

FDBBERY OE'.::ThlSE l § 01' El:J::;SE ROBBEPY

L _

I ,-- ---

EFIDliY I~ m'lVICl'IONS (0)

1:~ I

ONE (1)

~ t I I SEVEN

'JJ\'O Jl TIffiEEl roUR FIVE I SIx.k7) or _~ (3) (4) I (5) .1 (6~J0f<E *

I I .' f,rrSDDT.tU:OR I~C~ill ; G!.ill TI'\D ill'i'\TICl'IONS ~ (O)! (1) (2) I "i

I 1 10;

tJ ,,~ s a ~ P-4

I 8 .

r 7U:!:57.6

I I I 90-: . I . ~

I 80J I ~ I ,

I, 70 -~ i

~~/ .. -->·-1 ~ t j/:" ;' .60.2 I

60-~/'i/ 60 ~ 1// ./ ffi V ~/'I 10 ~ ~</ /1 , I.':i _ "/ /J 5~0'/ / f~1 ::>:)-i//'l v!/ ~ H ~,.-,

4~ re 40~~:1 I~'j ~// /1 -- 1,/ / ~o V /.) I

.:iU}/ / oJ -~'~//j I ,/ ~ I :/'./..-"'//~~·I a, 1,.,./ ,/

1

I ~f/ ~~K 1 ~~~~ I ISE,VEN

SIX I (7) OJ:

(6) ~DFE*

2J:;::~ ~ I 20-1// ~ I/~/ ./ // J I I ; ,/ /' V .' ,J 1:/'/ /' ,/ ,I ~~/ /1 >/.., J I 10-; . <,..:]...A', I lO-t/j·'j'// 17. 5 14.7 12.6 1 I I 3.2

r /I~/'l/" ,.>~;-3.:_01 1.6 0.61 0.0 1 0.6 ~/ )'>~·1., "t.- .. /1~l.S 11.6 1-o r /'" /~~~./((/// /. '::-::-~-:;'7 ~l i-,-~. ! 0",.-..- V ./ /!,/ /" /!././ /"-:"::(:..1/ .//-1/.//7/0

. J:'lB2~'JCY ~~ .116'3 T 131 ..... '----'--51 f 21 \11 ' .11 r:-1-4-' I E?m:'!0Jc:Y.- ~412 120 151 IIi ':)2 18 j' 10 III I 22 • r""'rc;M_rv'\~V' - I - - • _ f'''''7''V'n~v, - - J I - .:J f'jy .....,...:L:!:.\.:A.I"'-'. f In}, \..!->-L'::""'V.UC ~ •

I ""100% I 68""100% I N~lOO" I 62"""0Q%

*Range is 7-10 ""Th:m;e is 7-18

(X) ~

1

" .':.~-..... ; ..

l:lEI '"

Ii "

<,< d

f

1'-1" • \,c,;,:' ,,,=' , '"'~_::,

Chart I Chart J Robl::ery- Variable: Total Juvenile COlI!l'itments Robberl- '\-e.:dab1e: ESCZlceS

=5£ I . ro=RY I I &0=2! roBBERY I

! I I ~I I I I I !.IDTAL J(;\7ENI&: NOsE ONE I T'\\U l (3) or! ESCAPES ; !';C::<E: mill ! 'IWO ji TrlREE I l.ro~'-""~'ISL (0) I (~)J(2)JMJ~ j (0) i CD i (2) ; (3) i

f3. 21 z E r;j &.l<

. I 1-1 :_", 'l i 1

I I' I, 90-) I 90 -~/ ',/ I I .' / ! I t;/','

ao-J l' sO-I,»'/,I, . ' /: • I'! / #

I k .' 171.8, ///1

7al//,) ,0 i/ .' /./ I f//,:'. t', j ~,/' // /i, t / ~// ~. / ~' .... :

60-L~~ , 60-t'///'11 V / . B V //, i~'/ /1 ti ,/ //,

5o-i,/~ /: ~ 501j/~, ,~" ! . l::~ '; ,/ .' J ~'0. i'il •. ' " , V ~ r//

~G--1/ / 40 ;.J -<",' 10 ~/'/I I j ~// ./ 3frj'/0 3Gi/,,/']

I ~//~ if ,., /l j // ! /,/\ ?'''-,~ / l?o ~-' ,; ","

-v r::'~ 16.3 - :/ / ' , " I I ", I I f V~ /,' -' I I ~'~~,/J I 1"J//~ / / ' I 1 -,./,' ,,' -'

_U f / ,/~., 1~.6 I 4.3 ~O ;,; /,', 1 4~ I I ' 'I" "" I' --j I ~.- .' /1 ! - !

() t // t· '/' ," 'I ',/'/ ~-~. 0 : // "-.' -, -"-1 0 • 1 1,0.2 i v V//I/ /J'- //!..//;..!; ~"_·/,i_./,/,.-,-.,-",-,

" -i--; i 'I 'I i ., I i ~I'")~~~CY i i 7:""""c:r'r~-'r'(",-t ; :

• ~,- r-:-;:::-f"V"\;V1 489 11111 1 52 ,I 29 I l;..,-v": ":::;;"-:-~:,, ~ 646 132 5 I 1 i D.:t ~'-'-~'-"'-'-'-"I' . I .-'_ w-~;"u-'_'"'- . . ' ,. t •.

l'-'2=100!5 I 681=10G% 1 ~=lOO~ 684=100%

*Ra.J.ge is 3-7

Chart K Hobbnrj'- Variable: Parole Violations

I i

C- "'~ ~= 1 ROEBE..R.Y --'"- --' t 3

I I I Ph':;;oLE ~ rDNE tONE ,''IY;D I

I VIOLt->TICNS ~ (0) i (1) (2). I ~ f I I

r-r:: 1~0 i;;J i 1 v//!

I 901-/'" /1

I l 1-///1 I ~/ /.,1 , I 80-~1 I ~ -.!~:"l

I: :0 V>'/j

1."'/'/1 B I 60 -!~0</ "/~~~ ~ !." ~ i 1/ ?~,' I 50 ~/ /,

l ~· !/~~~1 t::: !/ /.\

. 4°1~a;' 30~,,/

i,/ ) 1//1 i. ";1 ,20 V~, t/./", j

~~ ... ~l 10-~~<J.ll 7 ~ /I " ;_e

I 0 i>/;~.j;/~l 0.6 i!--;:_-,e;.-:"'::"!0-;c-~~r i 6.19 I 32 I 4 I ,- C:.~-:--,~,...,-v J ~ ',I ~DY .. -:.....;,...:...~v_~ f • I f _

j :X=100~ I 685=100%

• t t

,

~ .. ... -"

~

\0 ~

~_>._","""M.-''''?6<',4,o<

'j J

Chart L Robbery- Variable: ?arolcs

O:?FE::SE ROBBERY

f I

J ' "I 1 I

PAROLES I KO:m\ ONE I 'lWO 1 TFI'EEI . I (0) I (1) (2) I (J)!

ta ~..:

~ (i r?

~ t4

,::= "'" < ~ 1..... ..,.. ..,-~.. ....... -'- , .

1100 ~. I I I I

. °0 7 I I I 90-+':-~~ t ! .t,' ,'I' :

I 1:%/1 I I SO-V>1! I

l~~ ; I [ 7C-!"/' .... j' ! 'L,// I

\' /,' I 60~r/~.:.' I ,,/ / : .// I

5~' /1 I f'/ /'1 I r ~ ,1

41~1j I t//'l i

~r .... ' ///, I

~v r~~'/ "t: · '"~ .'

?"-~.' //'>1 _v ,.,. /

~ ... / ,/ t· /

~ ~ j / .f' 8 ." .!.0-V / .,,; • .J! . .

~ .... / ./,.'" ~ /,,/ " ,...'"1 1 i . ···.f '.'09

'01'

I I " j '/"" / /:. I • i

I~~~~~,"': 1~~:..L-~I;zr'"7. __ '-''';~''-J. 62' I S7 6 I by c.:~?::l!:):ri - i - , 1

I ""-i "'"'C'. :_:¥-_v...,~ 685==100% L-

':"',".' ."0,',, It II I }.l • III; Chart 1-1

Robbery- ,variable: prObations,

07;::=::SE I roBBERY • I \

i ! ! !, ; !:. ;TI2EE I

PEl:BllTIO;:;:S ~ l\ONE Olm :'I,D f3> orl € (0) 1 (1) (2) l.:omr ... I I

108 I I I I I . I j ~ t • ! ~ ( • : I ! .

90 -:; 85 A I !' I I , ,. • t I

I '. I I I"~ I t~'·/'~ , ! I

l SOl>~;:'i 1 I I I ;,/,/1 J l I 1 ~ .J.,/ /1 I' I /0 ,'./ 4 I . I .. , /' I I ~ /./ f '

1 / ~'i ! ;

[ 60J~; i r.;:j I i/ /j 1 9 k,/ 1 ! 2:: I ,/' ,,./~ .,: • 50 -: /' /" I o L ~ .. /' "f ! r;~ ',/., I I r~ 1 ~''': 1 t4 I .',/ 1 •

I 40 -i//<:~l' I I V,/. /1 I !/ /J . , 3~, / /j I I ~/,.., I

~/ /"j

~ // '/1' I ~O-" /' I ' .,t. '// ./1

,; >II'·t f

L-(/ I _i

1//'!~ 10-~ ,/ r· . )

:/,f"://i 2.6

.; I

I I I

• ..' / I 0 3 (': i: .. '-" ', ........... >/.7, . 'j_._"'_* ... ; , ___ . __ J_,,. ".,' ,~. , t~

I I' ~ 'r."".~~-'r~ .... -r"'\.'" ~ I r h-::;:;::::::'-:::~v! 5851 80 18 J 2 i~.I '-'_~v~_ ~ I I

~:=:.c~~ 625--=}.00%

*F.t'1!" ... ge is 3-4

g

~i I

I II

t .

•

tor -,

I i

Il"':=j

I

_1::1 O!

1