D.H. Kim et al. / The Spine Journal 4 (2004) 317–328 328 [16] Magerl F, Aebi M. A comprehensive classification of thoracic and lumbar injuries. In: Aebi M, Thalgott JS, Webb JK, editors. AO/ASIF principles in spine surgery. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1998. p. 4.1–4.6. [17] Gill IS, Meraney AM, Thomas JC, Sung GT, Novick AC, Lieberman I. Thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic adrenalectomy: the initial experi- ence. J Urol 2001;165(6 Pt 1):1875–81. [18] Mack MJ, Aronoff RJ, Acuff TE, Ryan WH. Thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic approach for adrenal biopsy. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 55(3):772–3. [19] Meraney AM, Gill IS, Hsu TH, Sung GT. Thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic nephrectomy: feasibility study. Urology 2000;55(3): 443–7. [20] Pompeo E, Coosemans W, De Leyn P, Deneffe G, Van Raemdonck D, Lerut T. Thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic left adrenalectomy. An experimental study. Surg Endosc 1997;11(4):390–2. mortality rate and loss of motor function and that steroids Twenty-five did not improve neural recovery but caused gastrointesti- nal hemorrhage. He stated that dislocations were best Years Ago treated by closed or open reduction and posterior stabili- in Spine zation, that fractures of vertebral bodies with neurologic injury were best treated by anterior decompression and fusion and that early surgical treatment was not indi- cated for patients with complete quadriplegia. In 1975, Henry Bohlman, MD, published his retrospective review of 300 cervical spine fractures Reference and dislocations collected from hospitals in Baltimore, Maryland, between 1950 and 1972 [1]. The results led [1] Bohlman HH. Acute fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine. J Bone Joint Surg 1979;61A:1119–42. him to conclude that laminectomy resulted in a high [21] Yamashita Y, Sakai T, Maekawa T, Watanabe K, Iwasaki A, Shira- kusa T. Thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic microwave coagulation therapy for a liver tumor. Surg Endosc 1998;12(10):1254–8. [22] Burgos J, Rapariz JM, Gonzalez-Herranz P. Anterior endoscopic approach to the thoracolumbar spine. Spine 1998;23(22):2427–31. [23] Hovorka I, de Peretti F, Damon F, Argenson C. Videoscopic retropleu- ral and retroperitoneal approach to the thoracolumbar junction of the spine. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mo 2001;87(1):73–8. [24] Landreneau RJ, Hazelrigg SR, Mack MJ, et al. Postoperative pain- related morbidity: video-assisted thoracic surgery versus thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg 1993;56(6):1285–9. [25] McAfee PC, Regan JJ, Zdeblick T, et al. The incidence of complications in endoscopic anterior thoracolumbar spinal reconstructive surgery: a prospective multicenter study comprising the first 100 consecutive cases. Spine 1995;20:1624–32.

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D.H. Kim et al. / The Spine Journal 4 (2004) 317–328328

[16] Magerl F, Aebi M. A comprehensive classification of thoracic andlumbar injuries. In: Aebi M, Thalgott JS, Webb JK, editors. AO/ASIFprinciples in spine surgery. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1998. p. 4.1–4.6.

[17] Gill IS, Meraney AM, Thomas JC, Sung GT, Novick AC, LiebermanI. Thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic adrenalectomy: the initial experi-ence. J Urol 2001;165(6 Pt 1):1875–81.

[18] Mack MJ, Aronoff RJ, Acuff TE, Ryan WH. Thoracoscopic transdia-phragmatic approach for adrenal biopsy. Ann Thorac Surg 1993;55(3):772–3.

[19] Meraney AM, Gill IS, Hsu TH, Sung GT. Thoracoscopic transdia-phragmatic nephrectomy: feasibility study. Urology 2000;55(3):443–7.

[20] Pompeo E, Coosemans W, De Leyn P, Deneffe G, Van RaemdonckD, Lerut T. Thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic left adrenalectomy. Anexperimental study. Surg Endosc 1997;11(4):390–2.

mortality rate and loss of motor function and that steroidsTwenty-fivedid not improve neural recovery but caused gastrointesti-nal hemorrhage. He stated that dislocations were bestYears Agotreated by closed or open reduction and posterior stabili-in Spine zation, that fractures of vertebral bodies with neurologicinjury were best treated by anterior decompression andfusion and that early surgical treatment was not indi-cated for patients with complete quadriplegia.

In 1975, Henry Bohlman, MD, publishedhis retrospective review of 300 cervical spine fractures

Referenceand dislocations collected from hospitals in Baltimore,Maryland, between 1950 and 1972 [1]. The results led [1] Bohlman HH. Acute fractures and dislocations of the cervical

spine. J Bone Joint Surg 1979;61A:1119–42.him to conclude that laminectomy resulted in a high

[21] Yamashita Y, Sakai T, Maekawa T, Watanabe K, Iwasaki A, Shira-kusa T. Thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic microwave coagulationtherapy for a liver tumor. Surg Endosc 1998;12(10):1254–8.

[22] Burgos J, Rapariz JM, Gonzalez-Herranz P. Anterior endoscopic ap-proach to the thoracolumbar spine. Spine 1998;23(22):2427–31.

[23] Hovorka I, de Peretti F, Damon F, Argenson C. Videoscopic retropleu-ral and retroperitoneal approach to the thoracolumbar junction of thespine. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mo 2001;87(1):73–8.

[24] Landreneau RJ, Hazelrigg SR, Mack MJ, et al. Postoperative pain-related morbidity: video-assisted thoracic surgery versus thoracotomy.Ann Thorac Surg 1993;56(6):1285–9.

[25] McAfee PC, Regan JJ, Zdeblick T, et al. Theincidenceofcomplicationsin endoscopic anterior thoracolumbar spinal reconstructive surgery: aprospective multicenter study comprising the first 100 consecutivecases. Spine 1995;20:1624–32.