UNIT 3 PROJECT

CECI CHAYO DICHI

10ºA

 

Dictionary    

1. Adjudicate:  inside  a  court,  deciding  judicially    2. Appeal:  requesting  that  a  higher  court  checks  the  decision  made  by  a  lower  

court  3. Bail:  an  insurance  made  to  be  sure  that  the  person  will  be  in  court  4. Conviction:  when  the  person  in  found  guilty  as  the  result  in  the  trial  5. Cross-­‐examination:  questioning  the  witness  by  the  lawyer  of  the  opposite  

party  6. Defendant:  the  one  who  is  accused  in  a  case  7. Direct-­‐examination:  questioning  the  witness  chosen  by  the  lawyer  at  the  

beginning  of  a  trial  8. Docket:  the  list  where  every  important  thing  made  during  the  court  is  

written  9. Homicide:  one  human  killing  another  10. Imprisonment:  putting  someone  in  jail  11. Indictment:  an  accusation  requested  by  a  prosecutor,  made  by  the  jury  

against  a  person    12. Information:  an  accusation  made  by  the  prosecutor  against  a  person  13. Judgment:  the  decision  of  a  court  of  law  14. Motion:  the  way  the  lawyer  asks  the  judge  to  decide  on  something  15. Oath:  declaring  that  a  statement  is  truth  16. Objection:  when  the  opposite  party  finds  fault  with  the  question  that  the  

witness  was  asked  17. Parole:  when  someone  is  released  conditionally  from  prison  before  its  

sentence  is  completed  18. Perjury:  a  lie  that  was  said  under  an  oath  19. Sentence:  the  final  punishment  that  the  jury  decides  to  give  to  the  one  who  

committed  the  crime  20. Subpoena:  testimony  given  by  a  witness  in  front  of  the  court  

                                   

Courtroom  expressions    

• As  jurors  you  are  not  to  be  swayed  by  sympathy.  

• Bail  should  be  continued.  

• Call  your  next  witness.  

• Can  you  tell  the  jury  …  ?  

• Could  you  briefly  describe  …  ?  

• Could  you  describe  the  appearance  of  (a  package,  etc.)?  

• Counsel,  lay  a  foundation.  

• Defendant  will  be  remanded.  

• Don’t  belabor  the  point  counselor.  

• Don’t  discuss  the  case.  

• Don’t  volunteer  explanations  of  your  answers.  

                                                         

Stages  of  a  criminal  case:    

• The  arrest:  A  person  is  arrested  when  he/she  is  accused  of  making  a  crime  and  there’s  evidence  that  prove  it.  An  arrest  warrant  is  a  warrant  made  by  the  state  that  gives  the  permission  for  arresting  the  person.  It  contains  the  permission  to  arrest  the  person.  

• Booking  and  bond:  The  three  different  types  of  bonds  are:  bills,  notes,  and  bonds.    The  bondsman  is  the  person  that  makes  arrangements  with  the  criminal  in  order  to  make  him  able  to  bail  his  freedom.    

• The  arraignment:    Is  the  first  part  in  the  courtroom  procedure.  The  accused  person  is  called  in  front  of  the  court.  First  the  judge  reads  the  criminal  charge,  and  then  he  asks  the  accused  man  (defendant)  if  he  needs  any  court  help,  after  he  is  asked  how  does  he  classify  himself  (guilty,  not  guilty,  no  contest).  Now  the  judge  decides  if  the  bail  is  accepted  and  finally  he  announces  the  future  proceedings  that  might  be  done.    

• Plea  bargain:    A  plea  bargain  is  offered  before  the  trial.  After  this  is  offered  by  the  prosecutor,  then  the  defendant  must  say  if  he  accepts  it  or  not.  It  is  beneficial  since  charges  are  less.    

• Preliminary  hearing:  It  is  before  the  trial.  In  this  stage  the  judge  decides  if  there  is  enough  evidence  or  not  to  see  if  the  criminal  will  be  in  trial  or  not.  

• Pre-­‐trial  motions:    Before  the  trial,  the  defense  team  as  well  as  the  prosecutor,  go  with  a  pre-­‐trial  judgment  to  make  pre-­‐trial  motions  (tools  used  by  the  defense  or  the  government  to  present  boundaries  for  the  trial).  

• The  trial:  1. Jury  selection:  The  state  and  the  audience  do  the  jury  selection.  

There  are  12  people  chosen  to  be  jury  randomly.    2. Opening  statements:  the  prosecutor  and  the  defendant  give  their  

first  speech    3. The  presentation  of  the  case:  the  case  is  presented  supported  by  

evidence  4. The  closing  statements:  it  is  an  argument  which  offers  the  defense  

the  chance  to  conclude  the  case  5. Deliberation  of  the  jury:  the  juries  get  together  to  decide  whether  the  

defendant  is  guilty  or  not  guilty  • Sentencing:    

The  judge  decides  what  the  sentence  will  be  depending  on  the  crime  and  depending  on  the  laws  that  were  broken.  

• Appeal  process:    Either  party  has  the  right  to  appeal,  which  means  that  they  can  demand  the  court  to  check  that  the  case  and  that  the  evidence  was  justified,  and  flawless,  in  case  its  not  then  they  can  be  set  free.  

 

   

Plot  Diagram  for:  12  ANGRY  MEN    Exposition  

• Protagonist:  The  protagonist  of  the  story  is  Juror  8  because  he  is  the  only  one  who  disagreed  with  everyone  else  at  the  beginning  and  as  the  story  went  on  he  convinced  the  other  jurors  that  he  was  right.  “NO.  8:  All  right.  Let's  talk  about  it.  Let's  get  it  in  here  and  look  at  it.  I'd  like  to  see  it  again,  Mr.  Foreman.”    

• Antagonist:  The  antagonist  of  the  story  is  Juror  3  since  he  is  always  against  the  protagonist,  Juror  8,  and  his  ideas  are  opposite  from  he’s.    “NO.  3  (standing  up  angrily).  What  do  you  mean?  There  are  no  secrets  in  here!  I  know  who  it  was.  (He  turns  to  NO.  5)  What's  the  matter  with  you?  You  come  in  here  and  you  vote  guilty  and  then  this  slick  preacher  starts  to  tear  your  heart  out  with  stories  about  a  poor  little  kid  who  just  couldn't  help  becoming  a  murderer.  So  you  change  your  vote.  If  that  isn't  the  most  sickening...”    

• Setting-­‐time:  The  story  takes  place  during  the  1950’s,  time  when  people’s  rights  were  different:  jurors  were  all  white  and  men  since  black  people  as  well  as  women  were  not  permitted  to  be  part  of  it.  -­‐“Fade  in  on  a  jury  box.  Twelve  men  are  seated  in  it,  listening  intently  to  the  voice  of  the  judge  as  he  charges  them.”    

• Setting-­‐place:  The  story  takes  place  in  a  Jury  Room  in  New  York  City.  The  time  is  4:00  PM.  -­‐“This  is  the  jury  room  in  the  county  criminal  court  of  a  large  Eastern  city.  It  is  about  4:00  P.M.”    

• Internal  conflict:  The  internal  conflict  that  has  Juror  8  is  that  he  isn’t  sure  whether  the  kid  is  guilty  or  not  guilty,  so  while  every  other  juror  votes  for  guilty,  he  is  the  only  one  voting  not  guilty  since  he  cant  vote  for  guilty  because  he  doesn’t  want  to  fill  guilty  for  voting  for  something  that  maybe  is  not  true.    -­‐“NO.  8:  There  were  eleven  votes  for  guilty.  It's  not  so  easy  for  me  to  raise  my  hand  and  send  a  boy  off  to  die  without  talking  about  it  first.”    

• External  conflict:  The  external  conflict  is  between  Juror  8  and  the  other  Juror’s.  Juror  8  disagrees  with  every  other  Juror  so  they  are  trying  to  convince  him  that  the  kid  is  guilty  but  at  the  same  time,  Juror  8  on  his  own  convinces  them  that  the  kid  is  actually  not  guilty.    -­‐“NO.  12:  I  may  have  an  idea  here.  I'm  just  thinking  out  loud  now  but  it  seems  to  me  that  it's  up  to  us  to  convince  this  gentleman  (indicating  NO.  8)  that  we're  right  and  he's  wrong.  Maybe  if  we  each  took  a  minute  or  two,  you  know,  if  we  sort  of  try  it  on  for  size.”    

Rising  Action:    

1. Jurors  need  to  vote  and  the  results  are  11  guilty  and  1  not  guilty.  “FOREMAN:  Nine...  ten  ...  eleven...  That's  eleven  for  guilty.  Okay.  Not  guilty?  (NO.  8's  hand  is  raised.)  One.  Right.  Okay.  Eleven  to  one,  guilty.  Now  we  know  where  we  are.”    

2. Jurors  argue  against  Juror  8  trying  to  make  him  understand  that  the  boy  is  guilty.    

 

“NO.  3:  I  never  saw  a  guiltier  man  in  my  life.  You  sat  right  in  court  and  heard  the  same  thing  I  did.  The  man's  a  dangerous  killer.  You  could  see  it.”    

3. Juror  8  explains  the  others  why  he  has  the  doubt  of  the  kid  being  guilty.  “NO.  8:  I  don't  want  to  change  your  mind.  I  just  want  to  talk  for  a  while.  Look,  this  boy's  been  kicked  around  all  his  life.  You  know,  living  in  a  slum,  his  mother  dead  since  he  was  nine.  That's  not  a  very  good  head  start.  He's  a  tough,  angry  kid.  You  know  why  slum  kids  get  that  way?  Because  we  knock  'em  on  the  head  once  a  day,  every  day.  I  think  maybe  we  owe  him  a  few  words.  That's  all.”    

4. Juror  8  presents  the  evidences  of  his  doubt:  the  elevated  train  routine,  the  knife,  the  old  man’s  routine.    -­‐“NO.  8:  That's  right.  Eight  o'clock.  They  heard  the  father  hit  the  boy  twice  and  then  saw  the  boy  walk  angrily  out  of  the  house.  What  does  that  prove?”  -­‐“NO.  8:  No,  I'm  saying  that  it's  possible  that  the  boy  lost  the  knife  and  that  someone  else  stabbed  his  father  with  a  similar  knife.  It's  possible.”  -­‐“NO.  8:  This.  An  el  train  passes  a  given  point  in  ten  seconds.  That  given  point  is  the  window  of  the  room  in  which  the  killing  took  place.  You  can  almost  reach  out  of  the  window  of  that  room  and  touch  the  el.  Right?  (Several  of  them  nod.)  All  right.  Now  let  me  ask  you  this.  Did  anyone  here  ever  live  right  next  to  the  el  tracks?  I  have.  When  your  window  is  open  and  the  train  goes  by,  the  noise  is  almost  unbearable.  You  can't  hear  yourself  think.”  -­‐“NO.  8:  (ignoring  him).  All  right.  This  is  the  apartment  in  which  the  killing  took  place.  The  old  man's  apartment  is  directly  beneath  it  and  exactly  the  same.  (Pointing)  Here  are  the  el  tracks.  The  bedroom.  Another  bedroom.  Living  room.  Bathroom.  Kitchen.  And  this  is  the  hall.  Here’s  the  front  door  to  the  apartment.  And  here  are  the  steps.  (Pointing  to  front  bedroom  and  then  front  door)  Now,  the  old  man  was  in  bed  in  this  room.  He  says  he  got  up,  went  out  into  the  hall,  down  the  hall  to  the  front  door,  opened  it,  and  looked  out  just  in  time  to  see  the  boy  racing  down  the  stairs.  Am  I  right?”    

5. Juror  8  finally  convinces  all  the  jurors,  except  juror  3,  that  the  boy  was  not  guilty.  -­‐“NO.  8:  Does  anyone  think  there  still  is  not  a  reasonable  doubt?”  

 

Climax:  

6. Juror  3  who  was  completely  against  Juror  8  finally  changed  his  mind  and  said  that  the  kid  was  not  guilty.    -­‐“NO.  3:  (thundering).  All  right!”    

Falling  Action:  

7. The  foreman  and  the  Jurors  finally  leave  the  room  after  concluding  the  voting  and  getting  the  conclusion  of  a  “not  guilty”  kid.    -­‐“NO.  3  turns  his  back  on  them.  There  is  silence  for  a  moment  and  then  the  foreman  goes  to  the  door  and  knocks  on  it.  It  opens.  The  guard  looks  in  and  sees  them  all  standing.  The  guard  holds  the  door  for  them  as  they  begin  slowly  to  file  out.”    

8. Juror  8  and  3  were  the  only  ones  in  the  Jury  room.  Juror  3  took  the  knife  from  the  table  and  pointed  to  Juror  8’s  belly.  Juror  8  took  the  knife  and  put  it  away  and  exits  the  room  after  Juror  3.    -­‐˝NO.  8  waits  at  the  door  as  the  others  file  past  him.  Finally  he  and  NO.  3  are  the  only  ones  left.  NO.  3  turns  around  and  sees  that  they  are  alone.  Slowly  he  moves  toward  the  door.  Then  he  stops  at  the  table.  He  pulls  the  switch  knife  out  of  the  table  and  walks  over  to~  with  it.  He  holds  it  in  the  approved  knife  fighter  fashion  and  looks  long  and  hard  at  NO.  8,  pointing  the  knife  at  his  belly.  (NO  .8  stares  back.  Then  NO.  3  turns  the  knife  around.  NO.  8  takes  it  by  the  handle.  NO.  3  exits.  NO.  8  closes  the  knife,  puts  it  away  and  taking  a  last  look  around  the  room,  exits,  closing  the  door.”    

Resolution:  

• They  finally  concluded  on  the  veredict:  the  kid  was  declared  as  NOT  GUILTY.  -­‐“The  camera  moves  in  close  on  the  littered  table  in  the  empty  room,  and  we  clearly  see  a  slip  or  crumpled  paper  on  which  are  scribbled  the  words  "Not  guilty.  "

Theme:  

Prejudice:  Throughout  the  story,  the  author  was  demonstrating  us  prejudiced  actions  made  by  the  Jurors  (except  Juror  8)  since  they  declared  him  as  guilty  at  the  beginning  without  analyzing  the  situation  and  the  evidences.  They  said  that  he  was  guilty  and  they  supported  their  belief  in  the  kid’s  record.  They  thought  that  since  he  had  been  a  trouble  guy  since  little,  he  was  actually  capable  of  killing  his  father  so  he  was  guilty  for  sure.  The  only  one  that  didn’t  prejudice  the  kid  was  Juror  8,  and  by  the  end  he  was  actually  the  correct  one,  since  he  demonstrated  evidences  that  proved  the  innocence  of  the  kid.    -­‐“NO.7:  I  don't  know,  most  of  it's  been  said  already.  We  can  talk  all  day  about  this  

thing,  but  I  think  we’re  wasting  our  time.  Look  at  the  kid's  record.  At  fifteen  he  was  in  reform  school.  He  stole  a  car.  He's  been  arrested  for  mugging.  He  was  picked  up  for  knife-­‐fighting.  I  think  they  said  he  stabbed  somebody  in  the  arm.  This  is  a  very  fine  boy.”  -­‐“NO.  8:  I  don't  want  to  change  your  mind.  I  just  want  to  talk  for  a  while.  Look,  this  boy's  been  kicked  around  all  his  life.  You  know,  living  in  a  slum,  his  mother  dead  since  he  was  nine.  That's  not  a  very  good  head  start.  He's  a  tough,  angry  kid.  You  know  why  slum  kids  get  that  way?  Because  we  knock  'em  on  the  head  once  a  day,  every  day.  I  think  maybe  we  owe  him  a  few  words.  That's  all.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Characterization    Character:  JUROR  3    Physical  appearance:  He  is  a  man;  he  is  around  the  50s  and  60s.  He  wears  a  suit  and  he  is  fat.      Actions:  He  is  really  aggressive  and  he  fights  against  all  the  Jurors  all  the  time.  He  loses  his  temper  really  easy,  he  wants  to  be  right  and  he  doesn’t  agree  with  others  ideas.  He  doesn’t  like  to  listen  to  other’s  ideas.    -“NO. 3 {interrupting) All right. It's not Sunday. We don't need a sermon.”    Thoughts  and  words:    He  thinks  that  the  boy  is  guilty;  he  seems  to  be  really  sure  about  it.  He  based  his  thoughts  on  the  fact  that  the  boy  grew  up  living  in  an  aggressive  environment  and  because  of  this  it  was  that  he  reacted  with  violence  towards  his  father,  according  to  him.  His  bad  relationship  with  his  own  son  influences  the  idea  of  the  boy  being  guilty.  -“NO. 3: I never saw a guiltier man in my life. You sat right in court and heard the same thing I did. The man's a dangerous killer. You could see it.” -“NO. 3: You’re right. It's the kids. The way they are—you know? They don't listen. (Bitter) I've got a kid. When he was eight years old, he ran away from a fight. I saw him. I was so ashamed, I told him right out, "I'm gonna make a man out of you or I'm gonna bust you up into little pieces trying." When he was fifteen he hit me in the face. He's big, you know. I haven't seen him in three years. Rotten kid! You work your heart out.... (Pause) All right, let's get on with it.”

Other  characters  thoughts  and  Feelings:      -­‐Juror  8:  he  is  the  one  that  has  more  conflicts  with  him  since  their  ideas  are  completely  different.  -“NO. 8: I'm not trying to make anyone accept it. I'm just saying it's posible”. -“NO. 3: (shouting). And I'm saying it's not possible.” -­‐Juror  10:  he  shares  ideas  with  him,  they  both  argue  against  juror  8  but  then  he  changed  his  opinion  before  juror  3.  -“NO. 3: (slowly amazed) What are you trying to do?” -“NO. 10: (loudly) Yeah, what is this? Who do you think you are?”

-­‐Juror  9:  he  confronted  him  when  voting  second  time  and  accepting  he  was  the  one  who  changed  his  vote  -­‐“NO. 9: (quietly). There's nothing for him to tell you. He didn't change his vote. I did. (There is a pause.) Maybe you'd like to know why.”

Author  tells  directly:  The  author  all  the  time  tells  us  that  juror  3  is  angry,  frustrated,  mad,  loudly,  annoyed,  etc.    -­‐ NO. 3 (annoyed). What about the ones that were asked? For instance, let's talk about that cute little switchknife. You know, the one that fine, upright kid admitted buying. - NO. 3: (shouting). And I'm saying it's not possible.

- NO. 3 (standing up angrily). What do you mean? There are no secrets in here! I know who it was. (He turns to NO. 5) What's the matter with you? You come in here and you vote guilty and then this slick preacher starts to tear your heart out with stories about a poor little kid who just couldn't help becoming a murderer. So you change your vote. If that isn't the most sickening... - NO. 3: (angry). Who do you think you are? - It lands in the center of the table. NO. 3 is angered again at this, but NO. 4 puts his hand on his arm. NO. 8 speaks now and his voice is more intense.] - NO. 3: (loudly). Well, that's the most fantastic story I've ever heard. How can you make up a thing like that? What do you know about it? - [NO. 3 gets up and walks to the window, furious, but trying to control himself.] NO. 3: (angry). He's an old man. You saw him. Half the time he was confused. How could he be positive about anything? - NO. 3 (mad). It's a ridiculous waste of time. - NO. 3: (infuriated). Assumed? Now listen to me you people. I've seen all kinds of dishonesty in my day .. but this little display takes the cake. (To NO. 4). Tell him, will you? - NO. 3: (shouting). Don't start with me.

   

Bibliography    http://courts.michigan.gov/plc/day-­‐in-­‐court/vocabulary/CourtroomVocabularyWords.pdf  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrest#Powers_of_arrest  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrest_warrant  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bail_bondsman  http://www.investopedia.com/university/bonds/bonds4.asp#axzz1f6xDM4JY