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TWE WAS FOREIGN INTERVENTION THE KEY TURNING POINT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE

COUNTRY?

By Marina, Alexi and Elena

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CONTENTS

PERIOD ONE: 1804-1835

PERIOD TWO: 1835-1867

PERIOD THREE: 1867-1897

PERIOD FOUR: 1897-1923

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PERIOD ONESERBIAN REVOLT 1804This had a very large impact on the Greek mentality since it highlighted the vulnerability of he Ottoman Empire.

HELLENIC NOMARCHY 18061. Propagated the spirit of freedom, social justice and

equality as the main principles of every well-governed society.

2. His ideas and propositions influenced the way of thinking of many sympathetic individuals in Greece

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IONIAN ISLANDSThe inspirational ideas of the intelligentsia throughout Europe influenced the Greeks

PHILIKI ETAIRIA-RUSSIAN CONSPIRACY

REVOLUTION 1821

Philhellenic volunteers such as the poet Byron enlisted in the cause of Greek freedom and brought with them liberal ideas

The belief that the Russians were also behind this

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PELOPONNESE 1825

Battle of Navarino

Helped form a Greek independent state

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PERIOD TWOOTTO’S MARRIAGE TO AMALIA NOVEMBER 1836

Her dominance over Otto and interference in Greek Politics

POWERS TAKING ADVANTAGE OF OTTO’S WEAKNESS AND LACK OF STRONG WILL

The commerce treaty between Greece and Turkey was not ratified

Extreme nationalists began preparing military groups so that they could declare war on Turkey

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“RUSSIAN”, “FRENCH” AND “BRITISH” PARTIES WITHIN GREECE

Tension between the followers of the three parties ( Greece split into 3)

APPOINTMENT OF MAVROKORDATOS AS MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS

Discontent and increased tension

The French stopped supporting Greece financially-introduction of tax

Greece had to repay interest of 3,635,922 francs

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SEPTEMBER 3RD 1843 COUP D'ÉTAT

Constitution promulgated March 1844

Reduced tension between society’s extremes

OTTO’S AND KOLETTIS’ SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT

Dictatorship disguised into parliament achieved once Kolettis won the 1847 elections

Populous support-promise of the Megale Idea

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THE DON PACIFICO AFFAIR 1850 Port of Piraeus blockaded

Damage to Otto’s reputation in Athens

CRIMEAN WAR 1854

Britain and France blockaded port of Piraeus

Greeks didn’t gain the support of the Eastern Powers

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PERIOD THREE1870: THE CREATION OF AN INDEPENDENT BULGARIAN CHURCH.

Armed Struggle

1875-78 GREECE’S INVOLVEMENT IN GREAT CRISIS

Congress of Berlin

The British acquisition of the administration of Cyprus

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CONGRESS OF BERLINManaged to expand its borders

ANNEXATION OF THESSALY

Nationalism in Greece

BULGARIAN CRISIS

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INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL COMMISSION 1893

UP TO 1897: PERIODIC UPRISINGS IN CRETE

LED TO INTERMITTENT INTERVENTION OF POWERS

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PERIOD FOUR1909: GHOUDI COUPArrival of Eleftherios Venizelos and his eventual appointment as Prime Minister

End of the old political system

1910: ELECTIONSVENIZELOS SECURED 300/362 SEATS

BRITAIN AND FRANCE HELPED TO TRAIN THE ARMED FORCES IN GREECE

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THE FIRST BALKAN WAR 1912INCREASED GREECE’S TERRITORY BY 70%

SERBIA AND GREECE AGREED TO A DIVISION OF THE SPOILS IN MACEDONIA AT THE EXPENSE OF BULGARIA

BROUGHT MORE POPULATION AND NEW IDEAS TO GREECE

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SECOND BALKAN WAR 1913

Treaty of Bucharest

WORLD WAR I 1914 Greece was granted West Anatolia and Smyrna

THE SALONICA FRONT 1915-16Friction increased

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ITALIAN TROOPS IN SMYRNA 1915Britain, France and America agreed to the landing of Greek troops in Smyrna

1920: TREATY OF SEVRESTreaty of Sevres was never to be ratified by the Turks

The irredentist edifice in Asia Minor was soon to collapse

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1922: THE BURNING OF SMYRNA

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Otto: February 6, 1832 -October 23, 1862

George I: March 30, 1863 March 18, 1913

Constantine I : March 18, 1913- June 11, 1917

December 19, 1920 September 27, 1922

Alexander : June 11, 1917 December 19, 1920

George II :September 27, 1922- March 25, 1924

Timeline of Monarchs in Greece

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FOREIGN INTERVENTION HAD A PROFOUND EFFECT ON THE GREEK BIG IDEA BECAUSE IT:

1. Helped shape the Greek identity and people’s perception of what it meant to be Greek( compared to Ancient Greece)

2. Having a direct influence on the Megali Idea since most of Greece’s monarchs, were in fact foreigners following the European models.

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