Tvs Lightning Equip Protection

8/2/2019 Tvs Lightning Equip Protection

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TVSS Lightning and

Equipment Protection

Presented by

Scott Peele PE


2/28

TVSS Lightning and Equipment

Protection

What is a Surge or Lightning. Coupling on the electrical system

Understanding TVSS or SPD protection Grounding for Lightning

Recommended Practices


3/28

What is a Surge?

A surge is a Transient

A Transient can be classified into twocategories, impulsive and oscillatory


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Impulsive

This is the category that TVSS (Transient

Voltage Surge Suppressor) SPD SurgeProtection Device) equipment is designedto mitigate.


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Sources of Transients

Lightning

Static Arc Welding

Switching

contactor

relays

SCRs


6/28

Key

# of cloud toground flashes

per sq kM/year

1989-93 Ave Lightning Flash Density

http://Lightning Detection Network
http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/


7/28

Lightning directly attaches and couples into power lines
http://www.lightningstorm.com/


8/28

Internal Transient Sources
http://www.lightningstorm.com/


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A B C

UndergroundService Connection

OverheadServiceConnection

A B C

IEEE C62.41 Cat. C

IEEE C62.62

IEEE C62.1/11

IEEE C62.41 Cat. B

IEEE C62.62

UL 1449

IEEE C62.41 Cat. A

IEEE C62.62

UL 1449

Applicable Standards for surge protection at locations A, B and C

Location Exposure Categories for Surge
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10/28

0.001

0.01

0.1

0.5

1.0

61030

100

1000

10000

Cycles

Transient Suppressor Protection

Relative Performance

106%

87%

Nominal

Voltage

1

2

10

100

Seconds

300

200

100

0

Typical Energy Limitsof Suppressor

Clamping Level Determinedby Energy in Impulse and

Impedance of SourceLower Clamping Limit

Percent ofNominalVoltage
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11/28

Standard: 100-kHz Ring Wave Standard: Combination Wave

Simulates transients generatedby switching loads

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

40 80

0.8 Rise time = 1.2sec

Duration = 50 sec

Time in sec

20 60

1.0

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

20 40

0.8Rise time = 0.5 sec

10 sec

Time in sec

Simulates surges generated bydirect coupled from lightning

From: ANSI/IEEE Standard C62.41 &45

High energy

Lightning and Switching Standard ANSI/IEEE Test

Waveforms
http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/


12/28

CategoryA3

CategoryB3

CategoryC3

6kV200A100kHz

6kV500A100kHz

6kV1.2/50 3kA8/20

20kV1.2/50sec 10kA8/20sec

Test Waveforms as Describedby ANSI / IEEE C62.41 -

1991

Test Waveforms as DescribedTest Waveforms as Describedby ANSI / IEEE C62.41by ANSI / IEEE C62.41 --

19911991
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SurgeCurrent

TVSS

ClampedSurge

Voltage

ProtectedLoad

Equipment

IncomingSurge

Voltage

Clamping Action of SPD or TVSS
http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/


14/28

SPD Application Guide

Transient

Surge

SuppressionDevices

Data Lines Telecom

(Primary)

Telecom

(Secondary)

AC Power

Lines

DC Power &

Automotive

MOV

Avalanche

Diode

Gas

Tube/Gap

Typical Transient Surge Suppressor Applications

Harris Semiconductor
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15/28

Gas tube

symbol

Spark-over performance for

successive strikes at 10 kV/us,

100V and .02 us/small division

Gas Tube Suppressor Element
http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/


16/28

Metal-oxide varistorsvarious ratings

same symbol

MOV clamping at three

different surge current levels

-

10, 50 and 250A, with 8x20

waves, 40V/small div, 5

us/small div

Metal Oxide Varistors
http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/


17/28

Siliconavalanche

devices

symbol

Avalanche diode clampingperformance at two different

current levels. 20 and 140A, 10

x 1000 us impulses 1V/2ms

small div

Silicon Avalanche Diode Suppressor

Element
http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/


18/28

Interpretation for IEEE Std 1050- 1996

The caution that "the use of one or more isolated ground rods

as the

signal reference ground is a safety hazard and is not recommended"

is not explicitly explained in IEEE Std 1050-1996 since it is well

covered in the IEEE Green Book (IEEE Std 142-1991) and the

IEEE Emerald Book (IEEE Std 1100-1996).The most basic safety hazard is that the isolated ground reference

does not have a direct connection back to the system source which

could prevent protective devices from operating because of the high

impedance that is introduced. Equipment damage from transients

such as lightning is also a real concern.
http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/


19/28

Grounding Problems

Current Source Lightning

Average current 30,000 amps

Voltage Difference

Ground Resistance

Ohms Law Voltage = Current X Resistance
http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/


20/28

Review Ohms Law

Voltage = Current X Resistance

(ohms)(Potential) (amps)

Develop VOLTAGE

DevelopVOLTAGE

BONDING

GroundRod

GroundRod

Current Source Lightning

Average current 30,000 amps


21/28

CATV

Electric

Service

Entrance

TelevisionReceiver

Lightning

Voltage Difference Current

Difficult installation

scenarios

Troublesome electrical

condition

Typical electronic

equipment symptomsMultiple externalconnections or servicesto components of the

same system

Transient voltages andTransient voltages andcurrentscurrents

at data port

connections

Intermittent lock ups, surgedamage of exposed I/O circuitsor corrupted signals

The problem from two different servicesand service ground points

System Bonding
http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/


22/28

Bonding and Grounding

Phone System

Cable System

LAN System

Control and Communication Transducers

Sensors

Internal Interface
http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/


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Communications

Fiber Optic

Optical Coupling

Last resort to float one end of the

grounding this is usually not as successful.

Radio communication

One power source for all systems.

CPEC
http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/


24/28

Life cycle rating category C3

Impulses up to 20,000 per phase

Standard features include: Internaland external LEDs, Form C

contacts, & Audible Alarm

Choice of Options:

Disconnect

Transient counter Remote monitor panel

NEMA 3R, 4, or 4x enclosures

10 year parts warranty

PECPEC

Type IType I
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25/28

Liebert

AC Power Medium Exposure TVSS, on distribution

and sub-distribution panels, or any medium exposure

locations.

Fault Current Rating (AIC): 65 kAIC

Surge Current Ratings: 100kA, 160kA

Dimensions: 100kA - 6.0x4.0x3.0160kA - 8.0x6.0x4.0

50 EMI/RFI Attenuation: 40 dBStatus Indication: LED, Dry ContactsCertifications: UL 1449, CUL

Warranty: 5 Years Parts

100KA 160KA

PowerSure

Panel Medium ExposurePowerSure

Panel Medium Exposure

PEC Type CEC Type C -100/C00/C -15050

PEC Type C-50
http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/


26/28

Fault Current Rating (AIC): 14 kAIC

Surge Current Ratings: 25kA, 50kA, 100kA

Dimensions: 4.72x4.72x2.36

50 EMI/RFI Attenuation: 40 dBStatus Indication:LED, Dry Contacts

Certifications: UL 1449, CUL

Warranty: 10 Years Parts

Liebert

AC Power Low Exposure TVSS, on sub-

distribution panels, branch panels, or equipment in lowexposure locations.

PowerSure

Panel Low ExposurePowerSure

Panel Low Exposure

PEC Type C 50

UL 1449 Suppressed Voltage Rating
http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/http://www.lightningstorm.com/


27/28

UL 1449 Suppressed Voltage Rating

(Standard Voltage Rating)

L-N

L-G

L-L N-G

120/208 400 400 700 400277/480

800

800

1500

800

240 700 800480

1500

1500
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28/28

Single Point Grounding of Systems

Visual check grounding system and system

bonding point Conduct risk evaluation (identify vulnerable

appliances, equipment, and telephone and

computer systems)

Surge protection of external services

Additional internal SPD at equipment

Conductor length short to SPD

Recommended practices

Documents

Tvs Lightning Equip Protection