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Java EE Servlet tutorial : Adding create, update and delete to the bookstore listing

This tutorial is part of Java EE Tutorial covering JSP_2.2, and Servlets 3.0

Contents

Java EE Servlet Tutorial: Implementing a basic CRUD listing

Adding a link to the book listing to edit a book

Adding an edit book link to book-list.jsp listing

Adding a link to the book listing to add a book

Adding an add book link to book-list.jsp listing

Servlet doGet to load a Book form

BookEditorServlet.java doGet

BookEditorServlet.java doGet() delegate to book-form.jsp page


Rendering the book form HTML

book-form.jsp Renders form to update or add a Book

book-form.jsp using JSTL c:choose to display update or add status

book-form.jsp using JSTL c:if to hidden id field for edit/update operation

Creating a doPost method to handle the form submission

BookEditorServlet.java doPost

Quick review of what we have so far

./WebContent/WEB-INF/pages/book-form.jsp full listing

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./WebContent/WEB-INF/pages/book-list.jsp full listing

./src/META-INF/beans.xml full listing

./src/com/bookstore/Book.java

./src/com/bookstore/BookRepositoryImpl.java full listing (testing only)

./src/com/bookstore/BookRepository.java full listing

./src/com/bookstore/web/BookEditorServlet.java

./src/com/bookstore/web/BookListServlet.java

Technical debt

Java EE Servlet Tutorial: Implementing a basic CRUD

listing

We left off with a basic listing. BookListServlet used a BookRepository object (DAO) to load a list ofbooks and then delegated to book-list.jsp to render the book listing.

In this step, we want to add a link to the book listing so when the user clicks it a form gets rendered sothat they can edit the details of book. Also we want an add link so that the end user can add a newbook to the listing.

Adding a link to the book listing to edit a book

Change the code that looks like this in book-list.jsp:

To this by adding an edit book link to book-list.jsp listing

The EL expression ${pageContext.request.contextPath} refers to the URI you have the war filemapped to in the Servlet container. The default URI for a webapp is its war file name so our war filename is bookstore so a rendered URL will look like this:

The link /bookstore/book/ (with slash) loads the book listing. The link /bookstore/book?id=1 loads theform page to edit an existing book. To add a new book, we will use the link /bookstore/book.

Adding a link to the book listing to add a bookAdding an add book link to book-list.jsp listing

Before the table add this HTML code to add a new book:

1.2.3.4.5.

...<c:forEach var="book" items="${books}">

<tr><td>${book.title}</td>

...

1.2.3.4.

5.

...<c:forEach var="book" items="${books}">

<tr><td><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book?

id=${book.id}">${book.title}</a></td>...

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.

...<tr>

<td><a href="/bookstore/book?id=0">War and Peace</a></td>...

<tr><td><a href="/bookstore/book?id=1">Pride and Prejudice</a></td>

...

1.2.3.

...<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book">Add Book</a>...

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Now we have to links going to the URI /book, we need a Servlet that handles the links. TheBookEditorServlet handles both add and the edit book functions.

Servlet doGet to load a Book formBookEditorServlet.java doGet

Notice we use @WebServlet("/book") to map BookEditorServlet to the URI /book. It is common to loada form from a doGet method, and to handle the form submission via doPost. Following REST andHTTP principles GET operations reads data, and POST data modifies data. The doGet method usesthe id being empty or not to determine if this is a load "Add Employee Form" or load "UpdateEmployee Form" operation. The doGet method also converts the date into a format that is easy for theend user to modify and it also maps the book into request scope as follows:


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package com.bookstore.web; ... @WebServlet("/book")public class BookEditorServlet extends HttpServlet {

@Injectprivate BookRepository bookRepo;

private SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new

SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yyyy"); .../** Prepare the book form before we display it. */protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,

HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException{

String id = request.getParameter("id");

if (id != null && !id.isEmpty()) {Book book = bookRepo.lookupBookById(id);request.setAttribute("book", book);request.setAttribute("bookPubDate",

dateFormat.format(book.getPubDate()));}

/* Redirect to book-‐form. */getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-‐INF/pages/book-‐

form.jsp").forward(request, response);

}}

1.2.3.

Book book = bookRepo.lookupBookById(id);request.setAttribute("book", book);request.setAttribute("bookPubDate", dateFormat.format(book.getPubDate()));



In the model 2 architecture, the Servlet tier prepares the form data before a form loads to be renderedand edited correctly.

To render the HTML form, the servlet delegates to book-form.jsp as follows:


Rendering the book form HTML

The book-form.jsp has the HTML code to render a form as follows:

book-form.jsp Renders form to update or add a Book

1.2.

3.



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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-‐8"pageEncoding="UTF-‐8"%>

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><head><title>Book Form</title></head> <body>

<h1>Book Form</h1>

<form method="post"action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book"><fieldset>

<legend><c:choose>

<c:when test="${not empty book.id }">Updating Book

</c:when><c:otherwise>

Adding Book</c:otherwise>

</c:choose></legend>

<div><label for="title">Title</label> <input type="text"

name="title"id="title" value="${book.title}" />

</div>

<div><label for="description">Description</label><textarea name="description" id="description" rows="2"

cols="60">${book.description}</textarea>



The book-form.jsp uses JSTL c:choose, c:otherwise to display whether we are adding a new book orupdating a book as follows:

book-form.jsp using JSTL c:choose to display update or add status

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cols="60">${book.description}</textarea></div>

<div><label for="price">Price $</label> <input name="price"

id="price" value="${book.price}" />

</div>

<div><label for="pubDate">Publication Date</label> <input name="pubDate" id="pubDate"

value="${bookPubDate}" /><label class="after">(MM/DD/YYYY)</label>

</div>

<c:if test="${not empty book.id}"><input type="hidden" name="id" value="${book.id}" />

</c:if>

</fieldset>

<div class="button-‐row"><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/">Cancel</a> or

<input type="submit" value="Submit" /></div>

</form> </body></html>

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...<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>...

<legend><c:choose>





...



If the book.id property is present the test "Updating Book" is rendered.

Also, the form renders a hidden id property if it is doing an edit/update operation as follows:

book-form.jsp using JSTL c:if to hidden id field for edit/update operation

The doPost method of BookEditorServlet handles the form submission as follows:

Creating a doPost method to handle the form

submissionBookEditorServlet.java doPost

1.2.3.


</c:if>

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28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.

package com.bookstore.web; ... @WebServlet("/book")public class BookEditorServlet extends HttpServlet {


.../*** Handles posting an HTML book form. If the id is null then it is an* "add book", if the id is set then it is an "update book"*/protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,


String title = request.getParameter("title");String description = request.getParameter("description");String price = request.getParameter("price");String pubDate = request.getParameter("pubDate");

String id = request.getParameter("id");if (id == null || id.isEmpty()) {

bookRepo.addBook(title, description, price, pubDate);} else {

bookRepo.updateBook(id, title, description, price, pubDate);}

response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/book/");}...

}



Notice that if the id is null then BookEditorServlet.doPost calls bookRepo.addBook, otherwise it callsbookRepo.updateBook. Once the form handling is done, doPost redirects to /book/. A redirect meansan extra hit to the server, since we are basically telling the browser to load another link. The astutereader may wonder why we don't just do a forward like we did in the doGet. The answer isbookmarking. The URL /book/ (ending in slash) represents a collection of books, while /book (noslash) represents a single book (using REST style URL). If we did a forward, then after the formsubmission the browser would show the listing, but under the URI /book instead of /book/. If the enderuser linked to /book, it would not take them back to the listing but back to a form, which not correct.This is why we do a sendRedirect instead of a forward.

Now we have an add/edit/update/read/ and listing. It is everything you could want from a CRUD listing.

At this point, we don't do much validation. We will add this in a later lesson.

Quick review of what we have so far

We have created the following files for this bookstore example:

./WebContent/WEB-INF/pages/book-form.jsp full listing

01.02.03.04.05.

06.

07.

08.

09.

10.

$ find .../WebContent/WEB-‐INF/pages/book-‐form.jsp Book Form./WebContent/WEB-‐INF/pages/book-‐list.jsp Book Listing./src/META-‐INF/beans.xml Needed for

Java EE dependency injection (CDI)./src/com/bookstore/Book.java Domain/model

object./src/com/bookstore/BookRepositoryImpl.java Repository

implementation using Java collections (just for testing)./src/com/bookstore/BookRepository.java Interface to Book

Repository so we can swap it out with JDBC, JPA, JCache and MongoDBversion later

./src/com/bookstore/web/BookEditorServlet.java Servlet that loads Book(doGet) form and handles Book form submissions (doPost).

./src/com/bookstore/web/BookListServlet.java Servlet that looks upa list of books and displays the listing

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<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><head><title>Book Form</title></head> <body>

<h1>Book Form</h1>

<form method="post"action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book"><fieldset>

<legend><c:choose>


</c:when>



./WebContent/WEB-INF/pages/book-list.jsp full listing

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<div><label for="title">Title</label> <input type="text"

name="title"id="title" value="${book.title}" />

</div>

<div><label for="description">Description</label><textarea name="description" id="description" rows="2"

cols="60">${book.description}</textarea></div>

<div><label for="price">Price $</label> <input name="price"

id="price" value="${book.price}" />

</div>

<div><label for="pubDate">Publication Date</label> <input name="pubDate" id="pubDate"

value="${bookPubDate}" /><label class="after">(MM/DD/YYYY)</label>

</div>


</c:if>

</fieldset>

<div class="button-‐row"><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/">Cancel</a> or

<input type="submit" value="Submit" /></div>

</form> </body></html>



./src/META-INF/beans.xml full listing

./src/com/bookstore/Book.java

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<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix ="c" %><!DOCTYPE HTML> <html><head><title>Book listing</title></head><body> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book">Add Book</a> <table>

<tr><th>Title</th><th>Description</th><th>Price</th><th>Publication Date</th>

</tr> <c:forEach var="book" items="${books}">

<tr><td><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book?

id=${book.id}">${book.title}</a></td><td>${book.description}</td><td>${book.price}</td><td>${book.pubDate}</td>

</tr></c:forEach>

</table> </body></html>

1.2.3.4.

5.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-‐8"?><beans xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-‐instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee

http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/beans_1_0.xsd"></beans>

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package com.bookstore; import java.math.BigDecimal;import java.util.Date; public class Book implements Cloneable {

private String title;



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private String description;private BigDecimal price;private Date pubDate;private String id; public Book(String id, String title, String description, BigDecimal

price, Date pubDate) {this.id = id;this.title = title;this.description = description;this.price = price;this.pubDate = pubDate;

} public Book () {

}

public String getTitle() {return title;

}

public void setTitle(String title) {this.title = title;

}

public String getDescription() {return description;

}

public void setDescription(String description) {this.description = description;

}

public BigDecimal getPrice() {return price;

}

public void setPrice(BigDecimal price) {this.price = price;

}

public Date getPubDate() {return pubDate;

}

public void setPubDate(Date pubDate) {this.pubDate = pubDate;

}



./src/com/bookstore/BookRepositoryImpl.java full listing (testing only)

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public String getId() {return id;

}

public void setId(String id) {this.id = id;

} public Book cloneMe() {

try {return (Book) super.clone();

} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {return null;

}} @Overridepublic String toString() {

return "Book [title=" + title + ", description=" + description+ ", price=" + price + ", pubDate=" + pubDate + ", id=" + id+ "]";

} }

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package com.bookstore; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Collections;import java.util.Comparator;import java.util.Date;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import java.math.BigDecimal; import javax.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped; @ApplicationScopedpublic class BookRepositoryImpl implements BookRepository {

private SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = newSimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yyyy");

private int count;private Map<String, Book> idToBookMap = new HashMap<String, Book>();

public BookRepositoryImpl() {synchronized (this) {

books(book("War and Peace", "blah blah blah", "5.50",



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books(book("War and Peace", "blah blah blah", "5.50","5/29/1970"),

book("Pride and Prejudice", "blah blah blah", "5.50","5/29/1960"),

book("book1", "blah blah blah", "5.50", "5/29/1960"),book("book2", "blah blah blah", "5.50", "5/29/1960"),book("book3", "blah blah blah", "5.50", "5/29/1960"),book("book4", "blah blah blah", "5.50", "5/29/1960"),book("book5", "blah blah blah", "5.50", "5/29/1960"),book("book6", "blah blah blah", "5.50", "5/29/1960"),book("book7", "blah blah blah", "5.50", "5/29/1960"),book("book8", "blah blah blah", "5.50", "5/29/1960"),book("book9", "blah blah blah", "5.50", "5/29/1960"),book("Java for dummies", "blah blah blah", "1.99",

"5/29/1960"));}

}

private Book book(String title, String description, String aPrice,String aPubDate) {

Date pubDate = null;BigDecimal price = null; try {

price = new BigDecimal(aPrice);}catch (Exception ex) {} try {

pubDate = dateFormat.parse(aPubDate);}catch (Exception ex) {} return new Book("" + (count++), title, description, price, pubDate);

}

private void books(Book... books) {for (Book book : books) {

doAddBook(book);}

}

private void doAddBook(Book book) {synchronized (this) {

this.idToBookMap.put(book.getId(), book);}

}

@Overridepublic Book lookupBookById(String id) {

synchronized (this) {return this.idToBookMap.get(id).cloneMe();

}}

@Override



./src/com/bookstore/BookRepository.java full listing

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@Overridepublic void addBook(String title, String description, String price,

String pubDate) {doAddBook(book(title, description, price, pubDate));

}

@Overridepublic void updateBook(String id, String title, String description,

String price, String pubDate) {Book book = book(title, description, price, pubDate);synchronized (this) {

book.setId(id);this.idToBookMap.put(id, book);

}}

private List<Book> doListBooks() {List<Book> books;synchronized (this) {

books = new ArrayList<Book>(this.idToBookMap.size());for (Book book : this.idToBookMap.values()) {

books.add(book.cloneMe());}

}return books;

} public List<Book> listBooks() {

List<Book> books = doListBooks();

Collections.sort(books, new Comparator<Book>() {public int compare(Book bookA, Book bookB) {

return bookA.getId().compareTo(bookB.getId());}

});return books;

}

@Overridepublic void removeBook(String id) {

synchronized(this) {this.idToBookMap.remove(id);

}}

}



./src/com/bookstore/web/BookEditorServlet.java

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package com.bookstore; import java.util.List; public interface BookRepository {

Book lookupBookById(String id);

void addBook(String title, String description,String price, String pubDate);

void updateBook(String id, String title,String description, String price, String pubDate);

void removeBook(String id);

List<Book> listBooks(); }

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package com.bookstore.web; import java.io.IOException;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import javax.inject.Inject;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import com.bookstore.Book;import com.bookstore.BookRepository; /*** Servlet implementation class BookEditorServlet*/@WebServlet("/book")public class BookEditorServlet extends HttpServlet {



./src/com/bookstore/web/BookListServlet.java

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private SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new

SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yyyy"); /** Prepare the book form before we display it. */protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,


String id = request.getParameter("id");

if (id != null && !id.isEmpty()) {Book book = bookRepo.lookupBookById(id);request.setAttribute("book", book);request.setAttribute("bookPubDate",

dateFormat.format(book.getPubDate()));}



} /*** Handles posting an HTML book form. If the id is null then it is an* "add book", if the id is set then it is an "update book"*/protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,


String title = request.getParameter("title");String description = request.getParameter("description");String price = request.getParameter("price");String pubDate = request.getParameter("pubDate");

String id = request.getParameter("id");if (id == null || id.isEmpty()) {

bookRepo.addBook(title, description, price, pubDate);} else {

bookRepo.updateBook(id, title, description, price, pubDate);}

response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/book/");}

}



Technical debt

We have accumulated some technical debt. Our UI is just plain HTML, it has no styling. This isprobably and oversight. There is no footer, or header. There probably should be some sort of headerarea that has a link to the home page, and a footer with a copyright notice or something. The booklisting does not format the price of the date, it should.

We will address these issues and others in the coming lessons.

Bill Digman is a Java EE / Servlet enthusiast and Open Source enthusiast who loves working withCaucho's Resin Servlet Container, a Java EE Web Profile Servlet Container.

Caucho's Resin OpenSource Servlet Container

Java EE Web Profile Servlet Container

JavaLobby Article: Java EE Tutorial Covering JSP and Servlets Part One

Published at DZone with permission of its author, Bill Digman.(Note: Opinions expressed in this article and its replies are the opinions of their respective authors and not those of DZone, Inc.)

Tags: CDI java java ee JSP/Servlet Tutorial Model 2 CRUD Resin

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package com.bookstore.web; import java.io.IOException; import javax.inject.Inject;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import com.bookstore.BookRepository; @WebServlet("/book/")public class BookListServlet extends HttpServlet {

@Inject private BookRepository bookRepo;

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponseresponse) throws ServletException, IOException {request.setAttribute("books", bookRepo.listBooks());getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-‐INF/pages/book-‐

list.jsp").forward(request, response);}

}

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