TURN IN VOCABULARY TO BASKET FOR YOUR HOUR.

GET OUT A SHEET OF PAPER FOR CORNELL NOTES

GET OUT AGENDA

Bellwork

This week..

Homework Chapter 4Quiz FRIDAY! (not Thursday)

Vocabulary for chapter 3 due Friday.

Write this in your agenda.

NameDateHourChapter 3

What were the Datescharacteristics of Arch. DigAmerica’s earliest Archeologistpeople?

Paleo IndiansClovisFolsomForagersWoodland Plains VillageMoundbuildersPlains Indians**

NameDateHour Great Depression (BACK)

FDR

Racial Discrimination

SUMMARY At the end of the notes you will put a 3 sentence summary of the notes.

Chapter 3:Chapter 3:Early Cultures in Our LandEarly Cultures in Our Land

Section 1: Section 1: The Earliest People

Section 2: Section 2: Historic Indian Cultures

Section 1: The Earliest Section 1: The Earliest PeoplePeople

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What were the characteristics of Oklahoma’s earliest

people?

• First prehistoric people (those who lived before recorded history) reached the Americas millions of years after the dinosaurs became extinct

• First people in America here some 12,000 to 25,000 years ago

Section 1: The Earliest Section 1: The Earliest PeoplePeople

• Artifacts include people-used items such as – pottery, tools, bone, jewelry, & paintings

• Petroglyphs: pictures or symbols conveying an idea

How we found themHow we found them

http://www.ou.edu/cas/archsur/counties/mcintosh.htm

• Archaeological “dig”: excavation of a site where people lived or worked

• Archaeologists: study and document any fragment of an artifact discovered

• Piece together artifacts to help tell more about past peoples

Searching for CluesSearching for Clues

• Fossils: traces or remains of living things – animals, birds, & people

• Most common fossils: teeth, bones, or shells

• Carbon dating: isotope carbon 14 – analyzed to obtain age estimates on organic matter

Searching for CluesSearching for Clues

http://www.snomnh.ou.edu/collections-research/cr-sub/invertpaleo/common_fossils_of_ok/index.shtml

• DNA studies, fluorine dating, & dendrochronology: other methods of determining the age of an artifact

• Fossil pollen: can be clues to types of plants from the past

• Historical overlap of cultural periods

Searching for CluesSearching for Clues

• Earliest people to America from Asia

• Bering Strait & “land bridge”• Warm ocean currents helpful• Over 16,000 prehistoric &

early American Indian sites in Oklahoma

Prehistoric CulturesPrehistoric Cultures

• 1961: scientists discover evidence of Paleo Indian hunters in Oklahoma

• Columbian mammoth: bones found at the Cooperton site in Kiowa County

• Soil deposits: date to about 30,000 years ago at Burnham site

Paleo IndiansPaleo Indians

http://www.ou.edu/cas/archsur/counties/kiowa.htm

• Clovis People: named after the New Mexico site of first artifacts

• Known for their spears (spear point usually 3-4 inches long)

• Important Clovis site near Stecker in Caddo County

• First hunted mammoths & then switched to bison

Clovis PeopleClovis People

http://lithiccastinglab.com/cast-page/2002decemberdomeboclovis.htm

• Folsom People: sites include the Cooper Bonebed & the Waugh site as evidenced by various spear points and a painted bison skull

• Dalton people: lived some 9,000-10,000 years ago

• Skilled in clothing, containers, tools, & covers for shelters

Folsom PeopleFolsom People

http://www.ou.edu/cas/archsur/counties/harper.htm\

• Hunters and harvesters• Made flour & stored it in baskets• Pieces of bone & antler: became

spear points, needles, awls, punches, and atlatl hooks

• Ate a variety of wild animals• Knew how to start a fire with a

wood drill

Archaic Culture ForagersArchaic Culture Foragers

• About 2,000 years ago, Woodland culture emerged

• Planted, cultivated, & harvested• First farms: in the Grand River

area, the Ouachita Mts, the Cimarron River area, and along the Canadian & Washita Rivers

• Bow and arrow came in about this time and made hunting easier

Woodland CultureWoodland Culture

• Lived in Oklahoma from about 1,200 to 500 years ago

• Grew corn, beans, squash, gourds, sunflowers, & tobacco

• Hunted bison & deer• Also ate hickory nuts, walnuts,

hackberry seed, wild cherries, plums, persimmons & others

Plains Village FarmersPlains Village Farmers

• Built the Spiro Mounds• Various historical backgrounds• Lived in small farming villages• Spiro men & women: painted

themselves with colorful paints• Fine craftsmen: worked with

stone, shell, & copper• Still live in the area

The MoundbuildersThe Moundbuilders

• Resorted to the more nomadic way of life

• Hunted buffalo, deer, antelope, rabbit, or whatever available

• Forged for wild plant foods• Lived in grass houses covered

with buffalo hide• May be ancestors of Wichitas

Early Plains IndiansEarly Plains Indians

Click here to return to Main Menu.

Section 2: Section 2: Historic Indian Historic Indian CulturesCultures

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What elements of culture were exhibited by the Indians

during first contact with Europeans?

Section 2: Section 2: Historic Indian Historic Indian CulturesCultures

What words do I need to know? 1. viceroy2. barter3. totem4. shaman5. polygamy

Section 2: Section 2: Historic Indian Historic Indian CulturesCultures

PREVIEW Check out the headings and

subheadings Examine the pictures and read

the captions

Section 2: Section 2: Historic Indian CulturesHistoric Indian Cultures

1. First Encounters

2. Indian Culture

- The Family - Food

- Plants

First EncountersFirst Encounters 1493: Coronado’s expedition

first recorded contact between Indians & the Spanish

1542: Spanish monks at Kaw 1601: Juan de Oñate –

explored western Oklahoma Mid-1700s: French hunters

Indian CultureIndian Culture Indians: believed in afterlife Cowards & thieves punished Life sacred to the Plains tribes Believed in Mother Earth Believed all things tied together Honesty expected

Indian CultureIndian CultureThe Family Marriages permitted between

related tribes & could have more than one wife

Men: warriors & hunters Women: kept the home & family

Indian CultureIndian CultureFood Women: prepared the food Meats: eaten raw, roasted,

boiled, or dried Wild animals were food source Other foods were wild honey &

other natural foods

Indian CultureIndian CulturePlants Used many wildflowers & plants About 170 used by Indians Many used for medicine

Much of their time spent in surviving

Level Questions• Level 1 question- (fill in the blank)

– EX: _________ is the name for the day when the stock market crashed.

• Level 2- (not in the text, read between lines)– EX: Compare and contrast….– EX: Describe your own words…..– EX: How is _____ related to_______......

• Level 3- (Hypothesis, or application, much like an essay) – EX: do you agree that ...? what do you think about ...? what is the

most important ...? place the following in order of priority ...

Compare /Contrast

Tribe 1 Tribe 2

Similarities

Let’s Move around

• Find someone with completely different tribes than you and share the Venn Diagram with them.

• Have a seat

When done…

• Work on Chapter 3 Vocab. Due Friday