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Turmoil Over Taxation
Learning Objectives:• We will learn about the problems the
colonists had with Native Americans as they moved to the frontier.
• We will learn how the Proclamation of 1763 tried to stop colonists from moving farther west.
• We will learn how the King of England tried to pay for the British soldiers sent to the colonies.
• We will learn how colonists reacted to all of the new taxes imposed by the King of England.
• We will learn about what happened in the Boston Massacre.
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationNew Troubles on the Frontier
British colonists settle in the Ohio River Valley
Lord Amherst is sent to keep the peace
Pontiac’s War breaks out
The Native Americans give up and return home
King George makes the Proclamation of 1763
10,000 soldiers are sent to enforce the law
Chapter 5
section 2
The Ohio River ValleyWhy did the colonists want to settle in the Ohio River Valley?
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationNew Troubles on the Frontier
The Ohio River Valley
Flat land that’s good for farming
The Ohio River is important for transportation.
It was a source of valuable furs.
It allowed for trading with the Indians.
Why did the colonists want to settle in the Ohio River Valley?
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationNew Troubles on the Frontier
British colonists settle in the Ohio River Valley
Lord Amherst is sent to keep the peace
Pontiac’s War breaks out
The Native Americans give up and return home
King George makes the Proclamation of 1763
10,000 soldiers are sent to enforce the law
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationNew Troubles on the Frontier
Lord Jeffery Amherst in the Ohio River Valley
Lord Amherst was an important general during the Seven Years War against the French back in Britain and in the French and Indian War in America.
Lord Amherst treated the Native Americans differently than the French used to; no feasts, no presents, and higher prices.
Because of this, Pontiac (an Indian leader) calls the British “dogs dressed in red, who have come to rob [us] of [our] hunting grounds and drive away the game.”
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationClashes With Native Americans
British colonists settle in the Ohio River Valley
Lord Amherst is sent to keep the peace
Pontiac’s War breaks out
The Native Americans give up and return home
King George makes the Proclamation of 1763
10,000 soldiers are sent to enforce the law
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationWar on the Frontier
Pontiac’s War
Chief Pontiac had the respect and support of many of the Native American tribes living in the Ohio River Valley.
Chief Pontiac organized his tribe and attacked the British at Fort Detroit. Other Indian tribes soon joined in the fight.
It took a few months, but as more British troops arrived in the Ohio River Valley and as the French were defeated in the French and Indian War, Pontiac knew they could not win, and gave up.
Turmoil Over TaxationWar on the Frontier
Chapter 5
section 2
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationWar on the Frontier
British colonists settle in the Ohio River Valley
Lord Amherst is sent to keep the peace
Pontiac’s War breaks out
The Native Americans give up and return home
King George makes the Proclamation of 1763
10,000 soldiers are sent to enforce the law
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationWar on the Frontier
British colonists settle in the Ohio River Valley
Lord Amherst is sent to keep the peace
Pontiac’s War breaks out
The Native Americans give up and return home
King George makes the Proclamation of 1763
10,000 soldiers are sent to enforce the law
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationProclamation of 1763
The Royal Proclamation of 1763
King George III
No British subjects (citizens) can move into the Ohio River Valley. Any colonists already living in the Ohio River Valley should “removethemselves” at once! I am sending10,000 British soldiers to enforce thislaw.
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationProclamation of 1763
The Proclamation of 1763
King George III
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationProclamation of 1763
Britain had just fought and won the French and Indian war (and Pontiac’s War) to gain all the land in the Ohio River Valley. Why do you think King George would not want colonists moving there?
British colonists settle in the Ohio River Valley
Lord Amherst is sent to keep the peace
Pontiac’s War breaks out
The Native Americans give up and return home
King George makes the Proclamation of 1763
10,000 soldiers are sent to enforce the law
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationProclamation of 1763
10,000 more British soldiers in the coloniesSoldiers were sent to enforce the
Proclamation of 1763 line and not allow colonists to settle west of the line.
Instead, most of the soldiers sent to the colonies stayed in large cities like Boston, New York, and Philadelphia on the coast instead of going to the wild frontier.The Prime Minister of
England, George Grenville, decided that the colonists should help pay back Britain for the French and Indian War and pay for the soldiers sent to the colonies.
The colonists should pay for the pro-tection that Englandis providing for them.The colonists shouldpay their fair share of England’s debt!
George Grenville
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationBritain Imposes New Taxes
10,000 soldiers are sent to the colonies
New taxes to pay for the soldiers
“No Taxation without Representation”
The colonists begin to organize their resistance
The Boston Massacre
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationBritain Imposes New Taxes
10,000 soldiers are sent to the colonies
New taxes to pay for the soldiers
“No Taxation without Representation”
The colonists begin to organize their resistance
The Boston Massacre
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationBritain Imposes New Taxes
The Revenue Act of 1764, better known as the Sugar Act was not actually a new tax, but replaced a higher tax on molasses (and sugar cane and sugar beets) that was not being paid by many colonists who were smuggling or buying smuggled molasses. So, the tax itself was lower than the old tax, but now there were more soldiers and tax collectors to help make sure the tax was paid which made many colonists unhappy.
molasses
Chapter 5
section 2
Britain Imposes New Taxes The Sugar Act
10,000 soldiers are sent to the colonies
New taxes to pay for the soldiers
“No Taxation without Representation”
The colonists begin to organize their resistance
The Boston Massacre
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationBritain Imposes New Taxes
The Stamp Act
not a postage stamp
A tax stamp, that shows you
paid
A tax on...
•legal documents (wills, diplomas, marriage
licenses)
•newspapers
•almanacs
•playing cards
•dice (used for gambling)
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationBritain Imposes New Taxes
The Stamp Act
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationBritain Imposes New Taxes
The Stamp Act
Violent Protests
This tax made colonists angry and they began to openly protest by throwing rocks at the tax collectors and sometimes even tarring and feathering the agents.
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationProtesting the Stamp Act
The British View...Why were the colonists so angry about the taxes?• Britain had spent a lot of money to protect the colonies from France and win the French and Indian War.• Taxes were even higher back at home in Britain.
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over Taxation
Protesting the Stamp Act
What is George Grenville saying?
The British View...
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over Taxation
Protesting the Stamp Act
“Our Colonies must be the biggestBeggars in the World, if such smallDuties appear to be intolerableBurdens in their Eyes.”
“No Taxation without Representation!”
Why were the colonists so angry about taxes?
The colonists felt that any tax passed by the Prime Minister and King George was unfair because the colonists did not get to elect representatives to look out for them and vote on the taxes. This was considered “taxation without representation”. Also, most of the money that was paid in taxes went back to England and did not directly support or help the colonies.
Chapter 5
section 2 Turmoil Over Taxation
The Colonists Start to Resist
Not all of the protests were violent...
The colonists also began organizing and protesting in non-violent ways.
Petitions
The colonies sent delegates to a meeting to discuss the hated Stamp Tax. This was called the Stamp Act Congress. The group decided to send a petition to England asking Parliament to repeal the tax or give them representatives.
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationUniting in Peaceful Protest
The Colonists Start to Resist
Not all of the protests were violent...
Boycotts
When Parliament paid no attention to their petition, the colonists started a boycott. When colonists refused to buy other British goods, British merchants complained and eventually Parliament repealed or took back the Stamp Act.
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationUniting in Peaceful Protest
Back in England, the debate about taxes continues...
You are cowards, you are afraid of the Americans, youdare not tax America!
Fear? Cowards?I dare tax America!
George Grenville
Charles Townshend
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over Taxation
The Townshend Acts
Charles Townshend passed a tax on everyday goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea.
Again, the colonists were upset because they were being taxed without having any say about the taxes or getting any real benefit from the tax money.
I dare tax America!
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over Taxation
The Townshend Acts
Charles Townshend set up a new way to make sure the taxes were collected. He gave customs officials legal documents called writs of assistance which allowed the officers to inspect any ship or warehouse for any reason.
Writ of Assistanceallows holder tosearch a ship orwarehouse on
demand.
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over Taxation
The Townshend Acts
What does a police officer or government official need to search your house (or boat or business) today?
Writ of Assistanceallows holder tosearch a ship orwarehouse on
demand.
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationThe Townshend Acts
What does a police officer or government official need to search your house (or boat or business) today?
A Search Warrant ORProbable Cause
Writ of Assistanceallows holder tosearch a ship orwarehouse on
demand.
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationThe Townshend Acts
Colonial Protests grow...
Colonists saw Townshend’s writs of assistance as a violation of their right to privacy and their right to property.
“Now, one of the most essential branches ofEnglish liberty is the freedom over one’s house.
A man’s house is his castle; and while he is quiet,he is well guarded as a prince in his castle. Thiswrit [of assistance], if it should be declared legal,would totally destroy this privilege. Customhouseofficers may enter our houses when they please…
break locks, bars, and everything in their way.--colonist James Otis, 1761
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over TaxationThe Townshend Acts
Colonial Protests grow...Colonists immediately respond to the Townshend Acts by boycotting British goods again. They also formed resistance groups such as the Sons of Liberty and the Daughters of Liberty who lead protests and demonstrations.
They later formed committees of correspondence to further help spread the news from one colony to the next through a series of letters and pamphlets written regularly reporting on events in the colonies.
Turmoil Over TaxationThe Townshend Acts
Chapter 5
section 2
Colonial Leaders MASSACHUSETTS Samuel Adams
He’s my cousin!
John Adams
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over Taxation
Colonial LeadersVIRGINIA Patrick Henry
“If this be treason, make the most of it!”
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over Taxation
GeorgeWashington
A young ThomasJefferson
10,000 soldiers are sent to the colonies
New taxes to pay for the soldiers
“No Taxation without Representation”
The colonists begin to organize their resistance
The Boston Massacre
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over Taxation
The Boston Massacre
There are two sides
to every story…
The colonist’s version
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over Taxation
The Boston Massacre
There are two sides
to every story…
The British version
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over Taxation
The Boston MassacreWho’s version do you think is this?
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over Taxation
The Boston MassacreWho’s version do you think is this?
Chapter 5
section 2
Turmoil Over Taxation
