Herpetological Review 40(4), 2009 439

Smith. Collection was made under permit 01-03-03-2050 (Gilson Rivas), and 01-03-03-1146 (Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic) by the Ministerio del Ambiente (MinAmb) through Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Caracas.

Submitted by MARCO NATERA, Universidad Rómulo Gallegos, San Juan de los Morros, Guárico, Venezuela (e-mail: mnateram@hotmail.com); FERNANDO J. M. ROJAS-RUNJAIC, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Apartado Postal 1930, Caracas 1010-A, Venezuela (e-mail: fernando.rojas@fundacionlasalle.org.ve); and GILSON A. RIVAS, La Universidad del Zulia, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, Museo de Biología de La Universidad del Zulia, Apartado Postal 526, Maracaibo 4011, Venezuela (e-mail: anolis30@hotmail.com).

SCELOPORUS UNDULATUS (Eastern Fence Lizard). DIET. The Eastern Fence Lizard feeds on diverse insects, though hymenopter-ans (especially formicids) and coleopterans comprise the majority of their diet (Lemos-Espinal et al. 2003. J. Herpetol. 37:722–725; McCauley 1939. Am. Mid. Nat. 22:150–153). Juvenile Sceloporus typically eat a higher proportion of smaller prey (e.g., ants) than do adults (DeMarco et al. 1985. Copeia 1985:1077–1080). To the best of our knowledge, no author has identifi ed invertebrate prey to species for S. undulatus. Hence, here we describe an observation of a juvenile S. undulatus consuming an unusually large lepidopteran larva that we were able to identify to species. At 1216 h on 10 October 2007, 200 m SE of the St. Fran-cis National Forest Head Offi ce, Lee County, Arkansas, USA (34.75828533°N, 90.72192372°W, 110 m elev.), we collected a juvenile S. undulatus (39 mm snout–vent length; 10 mm head width; 2.1 g) and placed it in a clean empty cloth bag for ca. 1 h. Upon removal from the bag and subsequent processing, the lizard regurgitated an intact Pseudaletia unipuncta larva (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 38 mm in length, 7 mm in diameter, and weighing 0.7 g (Fig. 1). This prey item was only 1 mm shorter than the body

length of the lizard, and represented one third of its mass. This observation supports recent fi ndings that lizards can take large prey, but gape width appears to restrict prey size (DeMarco et al. 1985. Copeia 1985:1077–1080; Shine and Thomas 2005. Oecologia 144:492–498). Consuming a prey item of this size may have increased the lizard’s vulnerability to predation, but the return in energy obtained would be presumably high relative to the cost of pursuing, subduing, and swallowing (Pough and Andrews 1985. Ecology 66:1525–1533). The larval stage of P. unipuncta coincides with hatching of S. undulatus and may therefore represent an important seasonal prey source (Forbes 1954. The Lepidoptera of New York and Neighboring States. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. 433 pp.). We thank T. McCabe for identifi cation of the P. unipuncta.

Submitted by NICOLE A. FREIDENFELDS (e-mail: naf11@psu.edu) and TRACY LANGKILDE (e-mail: tll30@psu.edu), Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

TUPINAMBIS MERIANAE (Common Tegu). DIET. Verte-brate predation on anurans is well known (Toledo et al. 2007. J. Zool. 271:170–177), and some reports cite lizards of the genus Tupinambis (Kiefer and Sazima 2002. Amphibia-Reptilia 23:105-108; Souza et al. 2002. Herpetol. Rev. 33:209). However, reports of Tupinambis merianae predation on anurans is limited to Lep-todactylus ocellatus (Leptodactylidae) and Rhinella schneideri (Bufonidae) (Toledo et al., op. cit.; Silva and Hillesheim 2004. Herpetol. Rev. 35:399). Here, we add to available reports of T. merianae predation on anurans with a report of predation on the hylid frog Scinax fuscovarius. At ca. 1300 h on 30 January 2008, we observed a juvenile (ca. 35 cm total length) T. merianae preying on an adult S. fuscovarius ca. 100 m NE of Sede Dam, near the small village of Rio Claro Farm, municipality of Lençóis Paulista, São Paulo State, Brazil (22.7708°S, 48.8767°W; datum: WGS84; elev. 635 m). The S. fuscovarius was captured by the tegu by the posterior part of the body. The tegu chewed on the frog with the latter’s head and forelimbs exposed for ~1 min. The tegu pressed the treefrog to the substratum several times to assist swallowing. After completing ingestion, the tegu disappeared into nearby vegetation. The entire process lasted ~3 min. Lizards of the genus Tupinambis are considered active foragers that cover large areas while foraging, mainly during the heat of the day. They are considered to have a generalist diet that includes eggs, fruits, invertebrates, and small vertebrates, among which anurans appear prominent (Pianka and Vitt 2003. Lizards: Windows to the Evolution of Diversity. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. 333 pp.). To our knowledge, this is the fi rst report of S. fuscovarius as anuran prey by a lizard. We thank Duratex, S.A. for research support.

Submitted by FÁBIO MAFFEI (e-mail: maffei@ibb.unesp.br), FLÁVIO KULAIF UBAID, CESAR AUGUSTO BRON-ZATTO MEDOLAGO, and JORGE JIM, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. FIG. 1. Juvenile Sceloporus undulatus with a regurgitated Armyworm

larva, Pseudaletia unipuncta.