Tunnels & Tunnelling

Experience Record

TEC v.o.f. Tunnel Engineering Consultants P.O. Box 28013 3828 ZG Amersfoort The Netherlands Office: Laan 1914 no 35 3818 EX Amersfoort The Netherlands Telephone: +31(0)88 348 2540 E-mail: info@TEC-tunnel.com Internet: www.TEC-tunnel.com

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TABLE OF CONTENT

INTRODUCTION 4

TEC PROFILE 5

SERVICES 7

OTHER TUNNELS AND RELATED STRUCTURES 8 Amsterdam Metro tunnel at Damrak, The Netherlands 9 South taxiway tunnel, The Netherlands 11 Motorway 37 underpass “Erica”, The Netherlands 12 Underpass Taxiway Schiphol Airport, The Netherlands 13 Aqueduct Grouw, the Netherlands - 1992 14 Aqueduct Vliet, the Netherlands - 1996 15 Aqueduct Gaag, The Netherlands - 1998 16 Aqueduct Alphen, the Netherlands -1998 17 Naviduct Krabbersgatsluis, the Netherlands - 2002 18 Aqueduct for Canal through Walcheren, The Netherlands - 2010 19 N31 Aquaduct Harlingen, the Netherlands 20

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INTRODUCTION

Tunnel Engineering Consultants (TEC) is a Joint Venture of Royal

HaskoningDHV (RHDHV) and Witteveen+Bos (W+B). TEC combines knowledge,

expertise and experience of the mother companies (8000 professionals) within

the field of large underground projects.

TEC guarantees continuity and specialized knowledge of tunnel design and

construction to solve complicated underground mobility challenges through an

integral, innovative and sustainable project approach.

In addition, TEC is able to draw on the considerable expertise of two Dutch

engineering consultancy firms and covering the entire range of civil, structural

and architectural engineering required for small and large building projects,

environmental impact assessment, legal aspects and project management.

This TEC experience record intends to give an impression of the capabilities of

Tunnel Engineering Consultants in the field of tunnel related design and tunnel

construction related consultancy. It will provide an overview of services that TEC

can offer within the preparation and realization of tunnel project.

This document provides a selection of appealing projects in which TEC was and

is involved including the position TEC had in the project.

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TEC PROFILE

Tunnel Engineering Consultants v.o.f. (TEC) is specialised in consultancy works

for underground infrastructure and tunnel projects. TEC is established in 1988 as

a Joint Venture between two major engineering consultancy firms:

Royal HaskoningDHV

Witteveen+Bos Consulting Engineers b.v.

Profile TEC’s key expertise is tunnels; in-situ land tunnels, bored as well as Cut&Cover

and immersed tube tunnels. The Scope of work comprises tunnel design with

construction supervision including the mechanical and electrical tunnel

installations. Together with the Dutch Ministry of Transport and Public Works –

Tunnel engineering Department (Rijkswaterstaat), TEC developed advanced

knowledge in tunnel engineering.

The participating firms employ more than 8000 engineers and specialists and

have a total annual turnover of about 748 million EURO (2016). They have

subsidiaries and branch offices in countries worldwide.

Royal HaskoningDHV

www.royalhaskoningdhv.com

Royal HaskoningDHV is a leading independent, international project

management and engineering consultancy service provider. Specialising in

planning and transport, infrastructure, water, maritime, aviation, industry, energy,

mining and buildings, each year we contribute to the del ivery of some 30,000

projects around the world on behalf of our public and private sector clients.

Our 6,500 staff adds value to our client’s projects by providing a local

professional service in more than 35 countries, via our fully integrated

international office network. As leaders in sustainability and innovation, we are

deeply committed to continuous improvement, business integrity and sustainable

development, and work with our clients, stakeholders and communities to

enhance society together.

Prior to the merger on 1 July 2012, Royal Haskoning and DHV have successfully

delivered millions of world class projects during the past two centuries. With

roots established in The Netherlands, the UK and South Africa, our combined

experience and longevity spans more than 225 years. Now, as one company, we

have the power to make a bigger difference in the world as we rise to the

challenges of our 21st century planet, towards a better, brighter future.

Today Royal HaskoningDHV ranks in the top 10 of global, independently owned,

non-listed companies and top 40 overall. This makes us the first choice

consultancy provider for involvement in major world themes, such as ‘pit -to-port’,

food and water scarcity, the development of mega-cities, and sustainable

infrastructure and energy resources & supply, such as wave and hydro power.

We are also well positioned to contribute to the latest business models, such as

Public-Private Partnership.

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Witteveen+Bos Consulting Engineers b.v.

www.witteveenbos.com

Witteveen+Bos is a private limited company whose shares are owned entirely by

its employees, who are either participants, partners or senior partners. This

unique ownership structure ensures above-average commitment, good financial

performance and a high profile. It is a structure that appeals to our clients,

because it gives them confidence in our commitment. Our net result is paid out

entirely as a dividend to our shareholders, so they share in large measure in the

company’s result.

The Witteveen+Bos organisation is built around the cells concept that we have

shaped in the form of PMCs (product market combinations). Organisationally, the

PMCs are clustered into five sectors. The five sectors are: Ports and hydraulic

engineering, Spatial development and the environment, Urban development and

traffic, Water, and Infrastructure and Construction,

Next to the offices in The Netherlands, Witteveen+Bos also has offices in

Belgium, Kazakhstan, Indonesia, Russia and Latvia.

Witteveen+Bos is committed to being a first-rate consultancy and engineering

firm. Performing at the very highest level is a precondition for achieving this

goal. We think striving for the top is a healthy ambition. A national and

international orientation towards products, markets and the labour market is

essential to operating being the best in our field of work.

Internationally, Witteveen+Bos has achieved a good position in the following

areas:

preparation, transport and distribution of drinking water

effluent treatment

water management

environmental technology and policy

ports, dredging, coastal water engineering, river water engineering

tunnels

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SERVICES

TEC provides a full range of consultancy services from feasibility studies,

design, tender documents, tender evaluation, design reviews, value engineering,

cost analysis, detailed design, and construction supervision to project

management for underground engineering, related electrical and mechanical

works and traffic engineering. In addit ion, we are able to draw on the

considerable expertise of two Dutch engineering consultancy firms covering the

entire range of civil, structural and architectural engineering required for small

and large building projects, environmental impact assessment, legal aspects and

project management.

Moreover, TEC has at their disposal specific expertise of the Dutch Ministry of

Transport and Public works – Tunnel Engineering Department (Rijkswaterstaat),

a governmental organisation involved as designer and owner / operator in about

26 road and railway tunnels and their installations in the Netherlands.

Expertise Civil

immersed tunnels

shield tunnels in soft soil

cut & cover tunnels

pneumatic caissons

Electro mechanical installations

ventilation

pumps

lighting

power supply

traffic control

operation

Safety aspects

Safety analysis

Operational procedures

QRA and Scenario Analysis

Risk assessment & Value

Engineering

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OTHER TUNNELS AND RELATED STRUCTURES

General TEC and its partners have been involved in various other tunnel projects, a

selection of which has been provided below. The projects include various jacked

and pulled tunnels, pneumatic caissons, NATM tunnels, aqueducts, underpasses

and other.

Amsterdam metro tunnel Damrak, the Netherlands

South taxiway tunnel, the Netherlands

Motorway 37 underpass “Erica”, The Netherlands

Underpass Taxiway Schiphol Airport, The Netherlands

Aqueduct Grouw, the Netherlands - 1992

Aqueduct Vliet, the Netherlands - 1996

Aqueduct Gaag, The Netherlands - 1998

Aqueduct Alphen, the Netherlands -1998

Naviduct Krabbergatsluis, the Netherlands

Aqueduct for Canal through Walcheren, The Netherlands - 2010

N31 Aquaduct Harlingen, the Netherlands

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Amsterdam Metro tunnel at Damrak, The Netherlands

Project

At the “Damrak”, situated near the Amsterdam’s “Centraal (railway) Station”, a

part of the North/South metro line will be constructed using the pneumat ic

caisson method. The project comprises a total of 3 caissons providing a total

tunnel length of 150 m. Along this section of the metro tunnel, the rail track will

vary in depth between approximately 18 m at the northern end and 22 m at the

southern end.

The construction technique selection for this location was highly influenced by

the underground condition including the presence of large obstacles, such as the

presence of three municipal bridges, the many complex traffic flows of regular

traffic made up of cars, bicycles, and pedestrians, as well as traffic generated by

trams, busses and sightseeing boats and possible remains from the past (ancient

quay walls, sunken ships etc). The selection was also affected by the presence

of the main high-water barrier functionality at this part of the alignment.

Further evaluation indicated the need for three caissons with different

dimensions. The most southern caisson is the largest and includes a movable

gate that can be closed in case of a flood in the tunnel section under the river IJ.

This caisson also doubles as the starting shaft for the two tunnel boring

machines that will realize the 3.8 km long bored tunnel section of the

North/South line.

Figure Impression of the pneumatic caisson design and construction

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TEC’s scope of work

The TEC partner Royal Haskoning, through its partnership with Adviesbureau

Noord/Zuidlijn V.O.F. (in which the TEC partner Witteveen + Bos also

participates) provided the required engineering consultancy services for this

project including the structural design, engineering, the preparation of the tender

documents, consultancy regarding the contracting strategy, as well as the

contract administration and construction supervision

Figure Caisson at surface level (top) and excavation below caisson (bottom)

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South taxiway tunnel, The Netherlands

Project

The project concerns the crossing of the south taxiway to the 5th lane on

Schiphol with the to be constructed Verlengde Westrandweg (A5).

The A5, consisting of 2 roadways with each 2 lanes with a hard shoulder, will for

this purpose be constructed with a length of approximately 1100 m in a deep

tank-construction.

On the south roadway approximately 160 m will be constructed as a closed

tunnel. They will reckon with the possibility for a second roadway for satellite

traffic in the future.

TEC’s scope of work

TEC provided the preliminary and final design for the civil structures as well as

for the technical installations.

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Motorway 37 underpass “Erica”, The Netherlands

Project

The project concerns a new underpass for 2 lanes of road traffic. The existing

national road N37 will be transformed to a highway (2*2 lanes). The existing road

will be the future Southern part of the highway. Just north of the existing road,

the new road is foreseen.

One of the new structures in this road is the KW -13N. This is an underpass, next

to the existing structure in the southern road (KW -13Z) near Erica. The local

road, the “Ericasestraat”, will cross over the new highway via a fly-over in the

middle of the underpass.

The underpass will be built in an open trench with drainage. At the intersection

with the “Ericasestraat” the excavation will be carried out with sheet piles. At the

deepest level the water cellar will be constructed.

The crossover is made of pre-cast box-girders founded on the sheet piles.

TEC’s scope of work

TEC provided the civil tender- and detailed design:

Tender documents and drawings.

Design calculations.

Geotechnical and geohydrological calculations and advisory.

Structural design calculations and drawings.

Back-office during construction period and review of calculations executed by

contractor.

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Underpass Taxiway Schiphol Airport, The Netherlands

Project

The project concerns the crossing of the south taxiway to the 5th runway on

Schiphol with the Hoofdvaart in the Haarlemmermeer and the roads, which run

parallel. These roads are therefore U-shaped concrete structures (open through).

The fly-overs for the taxiway and the parallel service road are designed as pre-

stressed concrete structure, cast in-situ.

TEC’s scope of work

TEC provided for the preliminary design and final design, detailed design and

construction supervision.

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Aqueduct Grouw, the Netherlands - 1992

Project

The Ministry of Public Work in the Netherlands commissioned TEC partner Royal

Haskoning to design an aqueduct in Grouw, located in the north of the

Netherlands.

The tunnel was built to enable the uninterrupted crossing of a highway with a

major shipping channel.

The aqueduct is made up of 3 tunnel tubes, 2 tubes for road traffic and one

smaller tube for slow traffic. The two traffic tubes are approximately 8 m wide

and 4.5 m high and the slow tunnel tube is approximately 3.5 m wide and 3 m

high.

After creating a large deep trench on either side of the channel with sheet piling

and membranes, the tunnel section was constructed in dry conditions at the

location of one of the access ramps. The foundations for the tunnel and the

ramps on either side of the channel were built simultaneously, where as the

tunnel section was made buoyant; it was floated and lowered into its final

location. Although built in-situ, the disruption of traffic for both highway traffic

and shipping never exceeded a period of 24 hours.

Figure: The Aqueduct in operation

TEC’s scope of work

Detailed design of the tunnel sections, the sub-structures and tunnel

foundation.

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Aqueduct Vliet, the Netherlands - 1996

Project

The Hague-city is connected with the A4 motorway, by the A14 motorway

crossing the navigable canal Vliet. This crossing will be a tunnel part with an

aqueduct, both concrete structures. The approaches are open concrete

structures. The tunnel is 40 m wide and the length of the structure is more than

500 m.

The tunnel is a combined road-tramway tunnel. The structure will be 40 m wide.

The secondary road along the canal crosses the approach by a viaduct. The

structures are to be founded on tensile piles because of the high ground water

level. The tunnel and the approach will be constructed between sheet piles, the

bottom of the trench being watertight covered with an underwater concrete floor.

So the groundwater level will not be affected by the works. The ship canal will be

temporarly diverted and the tunnel/aqueduct will be constructed in two phases

Figure: Sketch of the Aqueduct

TEC’s scope of work

Preliminary design

Structural computations

Design drawings

Design report

Cost estimates

Construction schedule including alternative option

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Aqueduct Gaag, The Netherlands - 1998

Project

The A4 motorway crosses the Gaag River with a 600 angle. The 40 m wide road

tunnel is constructed as an aqueduct in the Gaag River. The aqueduct consists

of a through shaped pre-stressed concrete structure. The approaches are open

concrete structures.

The total length is 380 m. The secondary roads along the Gaag River crossing

the approaches are constructed as viaducts.

The tunnel part and the approaches are founded on tensile piles because of the

high groundwater level. The ship canal is temporary diverted and the aqueduct is

constructed in phases. The building pits are partly surrounded by steel sheet

piles limiting the effects of the temporary lowering of the groundwater level.

Figure: © Beeldbank Rijkswaterstaat

TEC’s scope of work

Final design, design report considering alternatives

Structural computation and design drawings

Review of tender documents

Detailed design comprising structural computations and detailed drawings

Review of contractors design documents

Design and contract specifications for the electromechanical installations

Advice upon construction

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Aqueduct Alphen, the Netherlands -1998

Project

To improve the infrastructure along the Oude Rijn a new main road between

Leiden and Bodegraven will be constructed. Near Alphen aan den Rijn the river

Gouwe will be crossed by an aqueduct. The aqueduct consists of an immersed

pre-stressed concrete element under the Gouwe, with on both sides an open

through construction, at the end changed in a “polder construction”.

Figure: Aquaduct under construction

TEC’s scope of work

TEC has provide detailed design of the Civil and Structural works and site

supervision during construction.

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Naviduct Krabbersgatsluis, the Netherlands - 2002

Project

In the existing dike between Lelystad and Enkhuizen lies an existing lock named

Krabbersgatsluis. This lock crosses the road that is situated on top of the dike by

means of a draw-bridge. In de holiday season the junction between the road and

waterway is a source of congestion for road traffic because the lock is used for

private yachts without having their masts stroked, causing a high frequency of

opening of the bridge. For navigation the lock is also an obstacle because the

passage capacity is not in proportion with the traffic volume which leads to an

extended wait for navigation. To avoid congestion a choice is made for a

crossing where the road is led under the waterway. The existing lock will be kept

in operation for professional barges only. Because the height of the barges is

limited passing the lock will not claim frequent openings of the bridge. The new

lock has been constructed on a new artificial island made on the southern side of

the dike.

Figure: Rendering of Naviduct Figure: Naviduct completed (source VBK

Groep)

TEC’s scope of work

Civil and structural works:

Preliminary design

Final design

Contact drawings

Contract

Pre-qualification of contractors

Tendering of the project

Evaluation of the bids

Assistance on supervision

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Aqueduct for Canal through Walcheren, The Netherlands - 2010

Project

The N57 road forms the connection between the Motorway A15 near the city of

Brielle and the Motorway A58 near the city of Middelburg and will be upgraded

from the existing regional road standard to motorway standards. Since the road

now accommodates both normal and slow traffic and crosses several villages, it

will be upgraded not only to improve mobility but also to improve road safety and

the living conditions along the road, i.e. minimise the nuisance due to the road.

The N57 follows a North-south line across the island of Walcheren and crosses

several other roads as well as the “Canal through Walcheren”. For this crossing,

an Aqueduct / tunnel will be realised. The total length of the structure, including

access ramps will measure some 850 m while the covered part of the aqueduct

will have a length of 155 m. The tunnel will accommodate 2 x 2 traffic lanes with

an internal size of 9.2 m for each bore. The structure will be partly constructed

in-situ and partly as an immersed tunnel.

The project has been realised under a Design & Built contract. For the first

phase, TEC partner Royal Haskoning provided the tender design. Following

contract award to the consortium, the detailed design was further developed.

The design services also included the horizontal and vertical alignment, the

design of the earthworks and the design of all engineering structures.

Figure: The immersion process in progress Figure: The element in place

TEC’s scope of work

Tender design

Detailed design

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N31 Aquaduct Harlingen, the Netherlands

Project

The new alignment of the N31 provincial road at Harlingen, Friesland, goes

around the city centre of Harlingen and crosses the Harinxma canal, parallel to

the old bridge in the existing N31 road. Due to the number of recreational

(sailing) vessels passing the existing moveable bridge in the N31 being the

cause of usual traffic delay, the new crossing has been designed as an aqueduct

under the canal.

The cross section of the aqueduct comprises two motorway tubes with 2 lanes

each, with a low internal wall with columns in between. The aqueduct is suited

only for motorway traffic.

TEC’s scope of work

Civil, structural and marine works:

Transport and immersion engineering and work preparations of transport

configuration, provisions and equipment for float up, transport, immersion,

installation and sand flow of the aqueduct element

Ballast plan, ballast capacity, jacking plan and sand flow calculations

Geo-hydrological advisory of canal bottom and shore protection

Construction methods, construction time schedules and transport and

immersion time schedules

Operational management and command of all preparations phases and

transport and Immersion operations

Advisory and provision of working/construction method and guidelines for

post-immersion finishing works such as ballast exchange (in co-operation

with the client)

Advisory and supervision upon construction (in co-operation with the client)