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Tudor monarchy
Natalie Mears
University of Durham
Introduction
• Historiography
• Reigns of the Tudor monarchs
• Reading list
1. Historiography
• Professor Sir Geoffrey Elton
• Modern, institutional, bureaucratic
• The Tudor Revolution in Government (1953)
1. Historiography
• 1970s: Starkey – people
• 1990s: Guy – ‘New Tudor Political History’
• Institutions, people, ideas
1. Historiography
• Political thought not a disembodied discourse
• Put in context
• Real issues = problem to debate
• Writers examine these issues
• Give people range of solutions
1. Historiography
• Institutions, people, ideas
e.g. Lord Burghley (Stephen Alford)
• Problems
1. Historiography
i) Nature of monarchy
• Henry VIII: ‘imperial monarchy’
• Edward VI: minority
• Mary and Elizabeth: gender/queenship
1. Historiography
ii) Institutions
• Privy council
• Parliament
iii) People
• Classical humanism
• Citizenship
e.g. Burghley
1. Historiography
iv) Realm as whole
e.g. Elizabethan realm
• Vulnerable and paranoid
• Foreign invasion + domestic insurgence
• Quasi-republican ideas
• 1590s: authoritarian, economic and social problems, war.
2. Tudor Monarchs: Henry VII
• Least studied
• Source material
• Different debates
• Existing literature
2. Tudor Monarchs: Henry VII
• Steve Gunn and Margaret Condon
• Council Attendant
• Not modern and bureaucratic
• Comparable to Edward IV
• French influence
• Magnificent court
2. Tudor Monarchs: Henry VIII
‘Trench warfare’
i) How he governed
• Elton vs. Starkey
2. Tudor Monarchs: Henry VIII
ii) Factionalism
• Elton, Starkey, Ives: YES
• Bernard: NO
• Gunn, Guy: types of group; sometimes
iii) Was Henry easy to persuade or manipulate?
2. Tudor Monarchs: Edward VI
i) Role of Edward, ‘King Josiah’
ii) Challenges of minority government
• ‘Good duke’ Somerset?
• ‘Evil Machiavell’ Northumberland?
2. Tudor Monarchs: Mary I
• Not well served
• Religion
• Gender/ Queenship
2. Tudor Monarchs: Elizabeth I
i) Queenship
• Mary, Elizabeth, Mary Stuart, Mary of Guise, Catherine de Medici
• John Knox, The first blast of the trumpet against the monstrous regiment of women (Geneva, 1558)
• John Aylmer, An harborowe for faithful and trewe subiects (Strasburg, 1559)
2. Tudor Monarchs: Elizabeth I
a) Knox
b) Aylmer:
• Bible
• Exceptions
• ‘Mixed polity’
e.g. Christopher St German (‘king-in-parliament’)
• Significance
2. Tudor Monarchs: Elizabeth I
i) Mary: unwieldy council? Guy: inner ring inc Cardinal Pole
ii) Elizabeth: differing views
• Alford: privy council
• Me: ‘probouleutic group’ + ad hoc counselling (Throckmorton, Hunsdon)
iii) Tensions between Elizabeth and counsellors: gender or religion?
iv) Classical humanism and citizenship
2. Tudor Monarchs: Elizabeth I
ii) Succession + iii) Religion
• Mary Queen of Scots
• Marriage
• Nominate a successor
• Control Mary
2. Tudor Monarchs: Elizabeth I
• Strategic launchpads
Scotland
The Netherlands
France
Ireland
• Fifth Column