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[email protected] 27-July-2010
Fully Polarimetric TerraSAR-X Data: Data Quality and Scientific Analysis
Irena Hajnsek1/2, Kostas Papathanassiou1, Thomas Busche1,
Thomas Jagdhuber1, JunSu Kim1, Maria Sanjuan Ferrer1, Stefan Sauer1,
Michelangelo Villano1
1Microwaves and Radar Institute & ²Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich
Slide 2
TerraSAR-X: DRA Mode CampaignAnnouncement of Opportunity:
DRA Mode data available: simplified proposal procedure and free of charge !
Defined test site (over selected areas): 356 Data takes
Campaign duration: 3 cycles (33 days - April 11 and May 13, 2010)
StripMap mode (15 km swath width, 3 m resolution)
http://sss.terrasar-x.dlr.de
Slide 3
Selected Test Sites
At least 42 test sites with 3 repeat cycles (repeat pass Pol-InSAR)
Europe
Slide 4
North America
Slide 5
Arctic Sea
Slide 6
Transmit
Receive
Dual Receive Antenna Mode (DRA Mode)
Principle
Transmit: the full antenna is used
Receive: the antenna is ‚electrically‘ divided into two sections in azimuth direction (two independent receive channels are available)
TS-X Experimental Modes
Along-Track Interferometry (ATI)
Quad Polarisation
Mode Polarisation
TX H V H V
RX1 H H H H
RX2 V V V V
CH1 HH VH HH VH
CH2 HV VV HV VV
RX2RX1
Slide 7
GoalCommissioning Phase (2007)
Re-Calibration (2009)
Status
Internal Calibration
Temp Freeze- Amplitude- Phase
0.05 dB0.7°
< 0.05 dB< 0.7°
80 sec DT length< 0.05 dB< 0.9°
T/R Module Characterisation
Individual TRM Setting (1-σ):- Amplitude (Tx / Rx)- Phase (Tx / Rx)
--
0.38 dB / 0.56 dB5.3° / 2.6°
0.38 dB / 0.49 dB5.1° / 2.4°
Antenna Pointing Knowledge
Elevation 0.015° < 0.006° < 0.004°
Azimuth 0.002° < 0.002° < 0.001°
Geometric Calibration
Pixel Localisation Accuracy- Range- Azimuth
2 m2 m
0.30 m0.53 m
0.31 m0.54 m
Antenna Model Verification
Elevation Pattern Accuracy (two-way)
±0.2 dB < ±0.2 dB < ±0.2 dB
Azimuth Pattern Accuracy (one-way)
±0.1 dB < ±0.1 dBno measurements
Beam-to-Beam Offset- two-way over rain forest- one-way over ground receiver
±0.2 dB±0.1 dB
< ±0.2 dB< ±0.1 dB
< ±0.2 dBno measurements
Radiometric Calibration
Radiometric Stability 0.87 dB0.2 dB (after launch)
0.15 dB (2 years)
Relative Radiometric Accuracy 0.68 dB 0.31 dB 0.18 dB
Absolute Radiometric Accuracy
1.1 dB 0.6 dB 0.39 dB
TerraSAR-X Calibration Results
Slide 8
VVVH
HVHH
23
4
VVVH
HVHH
11
2
VVVH
HVHH
NN
NN
f
1
SS
SS
f
1)iexp(A
OO
OO
VVVH
HVHH
VVVH
HVHH
VVVH
HVHH
VVVH
HVHH
VVVH
HVHH
NN
NN
TT
TT
SS
SS
RR
RR
OO
OO
10
01
PP
PP
VVVH
HVHH
1X-Talk: On Receive: and
On Transmit: and Tx Channel Imbalance:
Rx Channel Imbalance:
System and Propagation Distortion Model
2
3 4
1f
2f
VVVH
HVHH
VVVH
HVHHT
VVVH
HVHH
VVVH
HVHH
VVVH
HVHH
VVVH
HVHH
VVVH
HVHH
NN
NN
TT
TT
PP
PP
SS
SS
PP
PP
RR
RR
OO
OO
Rx Distortion Tx DistortionScattererPropagation Propagation Add. Noise
Slide 9
2VVHHVV
2HV
VVHH2
HH
2VVHVVVHHVV
VVHV2
HVHHHV
VVHHHVHH2
HH
3
|S|0SS
0|S|20
SS0|S|
|S|SS2SS
SS2|S|2SS2
SSSS2|S|
:]C[
VVVH
HVHH
SS
SS:]S[ T
VVXXHHL4 ]SS2S[k
L3L33 kk:]C[
HVHVHHHH
HVHHHHHV
SSSS
SS:
VHVHHHHH
VHHHHHVH
SSSS
SS:
VHVHVVVV
VHVVVVVH
SSSS
SS:
HVHVVVVV
HVVVVVHV
SSSS
SS:
0!
2nd Order Descriptors:
HVHVVHVH
HVVHVHHV
SSSS
SS:
VVVVHHHH
VVHHHHVV
SSSS
SS:
1!
Polarimetric Coherences:
10 HHVV
Valid for Reflexion Symmetric Scatterers
)SS( VHHV
Slide 10
VHVH22VHVH32HHHH4VVHH22HVHH SSfSSfSSSSfSS
VHVH21VHVH31HHHH1VVHH31VHHH SSfSSfSSSSfSS
VHHV121VHVH4
21HHVV121VVVV32
21VHVV SSffSS|f|SSffSSf|f|SS
VH41HV12VV21HH1VV31VH1
HH4VV22HV2VH2HV3HHi
23
4
VVVH
HVHH
11
2i
SfSfSffSSfSf
SSfSfSSSAe
f
1
SS
SS
f
1Ae
VHHV121VHVH4
21HHVV421VVVV2
221HVVV SSffSS|f|SSffSS|f|fSS
0
0
Rx/Tx Distortion Matrices
Slide 11
Agricultural Test Site: Wallerfing (Germany)
Acquisition dates:
14 April 2010
25 April 2010
06 May 2010
Slide 12
14/04/2010
25/04/2010
06/05/2010
Subset of Wallerfing for 3 Different Dates @ Pauli RGB
Slide 13
Cross-Pol Ratios HV/VH
14/04/2010 25/04/2010 06/05/2010
Slide 14
14/04/2010 25/04/2010 06/05/2010
Polarimetric Coherence Histograms (Amplitude)
hhvv
hvvh
hhhv
vvvh
hhvv
hvvh
hhhv
vvvh
hhvv
hvvh
hhhv
vvvh
Polarimetric Coherences (Amplitude)
Slide 15
14/04/2010 25/04/2010 06/05/2010
Polarimetric Coherence Histograms (Phase)
hhvv
hvvh
hhhv
vvvh
hhvv
hvvh
hhhv
vvvh
hhvv
hvvh
hhhv
vvvh
Polarimetric Coherences (Phase)
Slide 16
SNR Estimation:
VVVH
HVHH
VVVH
HVHH
VVVH
HVHH
NN
NN
SS
SS
OO
OO
HVHVVHVH
HVVHVHHV
SSSS
SS: 1
!
XXVHHV SSS
XX
XX
XXXX
HVHVVHVH
HVVHVHHV
SNRNS
SS
OOOO
OO1
1
1
||||:
22
Reciprocity:
SNR Estimates from HVVH Coherence
Slide 17
SNR Estimates from hvvh Coherence14/04/2010 25/04/2010 06/05/2010
Slide 18
Polarimetric SAR for Different Applications: Examples
Wallerfing (Agriculture)
Change of polarimetric feature depending on crop phenology
Repeat pass Pol-InSAR coherence analysis
San Francisco (Urban Area)
Urban area application for feature separation and interpretation
Argentiere & Aletsch (Glaciers)
Coherent Scatterer detection
Ward Hunt Ice Shelf (Sea Ice)
Change of sea ice feature
Slide 19
Dates Winter Wheat Sugar Beet
VV>HH HH>VV VV>HH HH>VV
14/04/2010 44.2% 55.8% 51.4% 48,6%
25/04/2010 37.9% 62.1% 39.0% 61.0%
06/05/2010 17.8% 82.2% 49.1% 50.9%
14/04/2010 25/04/2010 06/05/2010
Polarimetric Ratios HH/VV @ X-band
Slide 20
Entropy/Alpha Angle @ X-band
14/04/2010 - Entropy 25/04/2010 - Entropy 06/05/2010 - Entropy
Entropy/Alpha Entropy/Alpha Entropy/Alpha
Slide 21
Interferometric Coherences @ Different Polarisations
|HV12|
|SHV1| ||SHV1|-|SHV2||
|VV12|
|SVV1| ||SVV1|-|SVV2||
|HH12|
|SHH1| ||SHH1|-|SHH2||
April 25th - May, 6thApril 14th - May, 6thApril 14th - April, 25th
Slide 22
San Francisco (11/04/2010)
Slide 23
range
|HH+VV| |HH-VV| |HV|
Double-bounce
Single-bounce
Triple-bounce
2
π
Alpha_1
0
Double-bounce
Single-bounce
Triple-bounce
Polarimetric TSX Image of the Golden Gate Bridge
Slide 24
2
π
Alpha_1
0
Double-bounce
Single-bounce
Triple-bounce
Double-bounce
Polarimetric TSX Image of the Golden Gate Bridge
Slide 25
Coherent Scatterers (CSs) Detection
Method: Phase Variance ApproachBased on the deterministic phase pattern across the spectrum characteristic of the CSs.
It allows a widely preservation of the spatial resolution in the CSs detection.
Common detection: Only the CSs that have a phase derivative variance σ² lower than a given threshold in both directions (range and azimuth) are considered as detected CSs.
10 sublooks of 60 MHz each out of the 150 MHz range bandwidth are formed and the variance σ² of the phase derivative for every pixel is estimated.
10 sublooks of 552 Hz each out of the 1380 Hz azimuth bandwidth and the variance of the phase derivative for every pixel is estimated.
Fixing a threshold (σ² ), pixels with a phase derivative variance lower than the threshold in range and azimuth at the same time will be considered as a detected CSs.
Slide 26
CSs Detection on the Argentiere Glacier (France)
CR
Slide 27
CR
CR
σ²=0.0025 rad²
σ²=0.0064 rad²
σ²=0.0144 rad²
CR
IM (13-04-10)
Argentiere Glacier (France): Coherent Scatterer Detection
Slide 28
IM1 (13-04-10)IM2 (24-04-10)IM3 (05-05-10)
σ²=0.0081 rad²
Aletsch Glacier (Switzerland): Coherent Scatterer Detection
Slide 29
2010/04/13
Pauli RGB Composites
2010/04/242010/05/05
Ice Shelf
Land Fast Ice
Pack Ice
Ward Hunt Ice Shelf
RadarSAT-2 Blue line 2001Red line 2008
Eastern Ward Hunt ice shelf showing long (up to 15 km) meltwater lakes that form every summer on the ice surface.
-ää
(http://madzu.com/ellesmere/Ward_Hunt.html)