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8/3/2019 TU0110 Preparing the Board for Design Transfer
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Preparing the Board for DesignTransfer
Summary
Tutorial
TU0110 (v1.4) October 18, 2007
This tutorial shows how to define the board shape, configur
the drawing sheet, setup the layers, and define any keepou
requirements, in preparation for transferring the design from
the schematic editor.
In this tutorial, we will look at what is needed to get started with a PCB design, such as creating and
modifying the board shape and the sheet template, and defining any keepout requirements. We will
also take a quick look at other PCB workspace setups that are required before you start placing
components and routing, such as grids, layer stacks and design rules.
Creating and Modifying Board Shapes
The board shape defines the boundary, or extents, of the board in the PCB Editor. The board shape
may also be referred to as a board outline and is
essentially a closed polygon. It initially displays
as a black area with the visible grid on by default
when you create a new PCB document. It is u
by Altium Designer to determine the extent
the power planes for plane edge pull back, used
when splitting power planes and for calculating
the board edge when outputting design data
other tools, such as the 3D viewer.
When a n
sed
s of
to
ew board file is created by selecting
ils.
ing
Importing a Board Shape
atch the shape defined by a set of objects on one of the PCB
requirements from the mechanical CAD domain into Altium Designer.
File » New » PCB from the menus, a default
board shape is created, sized 6,000 x 4,000 m
The board shape can be resized, or redefined,
using the commands in the Design » Board
Shape sub-menu. PCB documents created us
the PCB templates or the PCB Board Wizard
have the board shape already correctly sized.
You can also set the board shape to m
Editor's mechanical layers. Using this feature in combination with the ability to import DWG or DXF
data from a mechanical CAD package, provides a method of transferring the board shape
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Preparing the Board for Design Transfer
To import a DXF/DWG file into a newly created PCB:
1. Select File » New » PCB.
2. The new blank PCB will open. The black region on the sheet represents the board shape. We will
ape based on data in a mechanical file created as a .DXF (or .DWG)
3.
4. WG).
on Open.
AutoCAD
e AutoCAD ‘0’ layer (left
now redefine the board’s sh
file in AutoCAD. All versions of AutoCAD from 2.5 to 14 are supported. Please note that the shape
to be imported must be a closed shape and internal cutouts are not supported.Select File » Import. The Import File dialog appears.
Select the file format by changing the Files of type option to AutoCAD (*.DXF,*D
5. Navigate to and select the file to be imported and click
6. The Import from AutoCAD dialog displays to allow you to specify how you would like the
layers imported to Altium Designer layers. For example, you could map th
side) to Mechanical layer 4 in Altium Designer (selected from the drop-down list).
7. Check that the other import options are set correctly and click on OK. Track segments forming a
board outline will appear on the nominated layer, e.g. Mechanical Layer 4. The imported data will
Nodef
As mentioned above, you can define an enclosed boundary, using lines and arcs, on a mechanical
layer (or any layer) and use these objects to define the board shape.
automatically be scaled if it is larger than the current PCB workspace.
w that you have a closed boundary defined on a mechanical layer, you can use these objects toine the board shape.
Defining the Board Shape From Selected Objects
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Preparing the Board for Design Trans
To define a board shape from selected objects:
1. Create an enclosed boundary on a mechanical layer that will define the board shape you require
Use the placement commands such as Place » Line or Place » Arc to create your new board
3. esign » Board Shape » Define from selected objects and the board shape will be
Mo
ve
the ny placed objects.
shape by selecting Design » Board Layers & Colors [shortc
tc
he entire board shape, complete the following steps.
define Board Shape. The cursor will change to a large cros
ss the SPACEBAR to
shape.
2. Select the new board shape boundary only. Use the Edit » Select » All on Layer command to
quickly select all objects on the current layer [shortcut S, Y].Select D
redisplayed to fit the selected boundary objects.
difying a Board Shape
You can change a board shape by redefining (redrawing) it or by moving the vertices. You can mo
board shape around the sheet as well, with or without a
You can change the color of the board
L] and selecting a new color for the Board Area Color in the System Colors section of the View
Configurations dialog.
Redefining a Board Shape
You can redefine the board shape if it does not already exist or you want to draw it again from scra
If you need to change t
1. Select Design » Board Shape » Re
the background will change to black and the original board shape will be displayed in green.
2. Click (or press ENTER) to create the corners of the new board shape. Pre
change the corner style while you are defining the board shape. The Status bar at the bottom of t
design window helps to locate the co-ordinates of the corners.
3. When you have defined the board shape, right-click or press ESC to finish. There is no need to f
close the polygon, as Altium Designer will automatically complete the shape by joining the first po
to the last point placed.
The visible grid will be drawn to fill the area defined by the new board outline.
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Preparing the Board for Design Transfer
Defining the Shape Using Jump Location
To accurately define the shape based on a set of dimensions, you can use the Jump Location shortcut
keys instead of the mouse. To do this:
1. Set the origin to define the location of the bottom left of the PCB (Edit » Origin » Set).
2. Select Design » Board Shape » Redefine Board Shape and release the mouse.
3. Press the J key to pop up the Jump submenu and then press the O key to jump to the origin you
just defined. Press Enter to define the first corner of the new board shape.
4. Press J, L to display the Jump to Location dialog. The X-Location field will be active, so simply type
in the X location of the next corner of the board (do not touch the mouse).
5. Press the TAB key to move to the Y-Location field in the Jump to Location dialog and type in the
appropriate Y value.
6. Press Enter to accept the values and close the dial he cursor will be at the correct location. Do
7.
press Enter to accept the values and press Enter to define this corner.rigin. Again, do not touch
the mouse; simply press Enter.
diting
.
Moving the Board Shape
An
by
To
ve Board Shape and the board outline will appear floating on
1. pe.
og. T
not touch the mouse; simply press the Enter key again to define this corner.
Press J, L again to display the Jump to Location dialog, type in the next X coordinate, press TAB,
type in the Y coordinate,8. Repeat this process until all corners are defined, finishing back at the 0,0 o
Moving Board Vertices
When modifying a board shape, e.g. resizing it, moving the board vertices will save you from having to
redefine the entire board shape.
with e1. Select Design » Board Shape » Move Board Vertices. The board outline displays
handles and the cursor changes to a large cross, ready to select and move vertices
2. Click on the vertex that you want to move and drag it to its new location.
3. You can create new vertices by clicking on the small crosses that appear midway along the linesegments and dragging the new vertex into position.
4. Right-click or press ESC to finish your board shape.
Using the Move Board Shape command to reposition the board shape will move the board outline only.
y components and connections already placed will not be affected.
If you need to reposition the board shape in relation to the design sheet, make sure the sheet is visible
enabling the Display Sheet option in the Board Options dialog (Design » Board Options). See
Using PCB sheets in this tutorial for more information about using sheets in Altium Designer.
move a board shape only:
1. Select Design » Board Shape » Mo
the cursor.
2. Drag the board shape to its new location and click to place.
To move a board shape along with any components and connections already placed:
Select all (CTRL + A) or select the objects you need to move, including the board sha
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Preparing the Board for Design Trans
2. Click directly on a selected object and the cursor changes to a large arrow. Drag the selection
ve » Move Selection. Click within
on and click to place.
bounding box to the new location on the sheet.
Alternatively, select the objects required and select Edit » Mo
selection to define a reference point, move the selecti
Using PCB SheetsSheets in the PCB Editor are a special drawing feature that represent the printed page and are
controlled using the options in the Board Options dialog. When you create a new PCB file, a default
sheet is automatically created with the default size of 10000 x 8000 mil. It is not shown initially but,
when displayed, it appears as the white shape behind the board outline.
Most of the PCB example files supplied with Altium Designer (C:\Program Files\Altium
Designer 6\Examples) display the board on a white sheet which includes a border, grid referenc
By ical layers and then linking those layers to the sheet, you can create y
that include a border, grid reference
C:\Program
and title block that have been drawn on one of the mechanical layers, Mechanical16.
placing objects on mechan
own drawing templates that can be displayed or hidden. Sheets
and title block can be added to PCB files by copying from the existing PCB templates (
Files\Altium Designer 6\Templates).
The sheet size and location of the sheet can be defined manually by the Size and Location settings
the Board Options dialog. The sheet can be also be resized automatically to fit the objects on linked
mechanical layer(s) when you select View » Fit Sheet or you can use the Design » Board Shape »
Auto-Position Sheet command to recalculate it when the contents of the linked mechanical layers
change.
Displaying the Sheet
To make the sheet is visible in the PCB Editor:
1. Select Design » Board Options and enabling the Display Sheet checkbox in the Sheet Positio
section of the Board Options dialog.
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Preparing the Board for Design Transfer
The sheet can be hidden at any time by disabling the Display Sheet checkbox. All linked
mechanical layers will also be hidden. Click OK.
2. Select View » Fit Sheet to display the sheet [shortcut V, H (View Sheet) or Z, S (Zoom Sheet)]. A
white space appears around the board shape with the default size of 10000 x 8000 mil.
3. You can change the color of the sheet by selecting Design » Board Layers & Colors [shortcut L]
and selecting a new color for the Sheet Area Color and Sheet Line Color in the System Colors
section of the View Configurations dialog. You can save any custom views you create as view
configurations, which you can re-use time and again.
4. If you have drawing template information such as a title block and border grid that you have drawn
or imported onto a mechanical layer, link these layers to the sheet in the View Configurations
dialog. Then select Design » Board Shape » Auto-Position Sheet to automatically match size
sheet to just enclose the objects on the chosen mechanical layers.
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Preparing the Board for Design Trans
Defining the Sheet From an Existing PCB Template
You can define the sheet, including the sheet border, reference grid and title block, at any time by
copying the objects from the supplied Altium Designer PCB template documents and pasting them in
your PCB design document. Altium Designer includes a set of pre-defined PCB templates located at
C:\Program Files\Altium Designer 6\Templates. Use the sheet size templates only, i.e.
A.pcbdoc through to A0.pcbdoc.1. Open the PCB document that you want to add the new sheet size to. Make sure that the existing
default sheet is displayed to help you place the new sheet by pressing V, H (view sheet) or Z, S
(zoom sheet).
2. Open an existing PCB sheet template that will fit all the objects on your PCB, e.g. A2.pcbdoc. T
do this, click on PCB Templates in the New from Template section of the Files panel. If this
option is not visible, click on the up arrows to the right of each section in the Files panel to contra
the other options. The Choose existing Document dialog displays.
Navigate to the PCB templates folder (C:\Program Files\Altium Designer 6\Template
select A2.pcbdoc (for example), and click Open. The template is opened as a new PCB design
document in the design window, named PCB1.PcbDoc.
Select all the contents of the template file (3. and copy (CTRL + C) the contents to the
4. ne
elect Design » Board
ow, Enable and Linked
CTRL + A)
clipboard. Click once to set a copy reference point. Close Pcb1.pcbdoc without saving.
Switch to your PCB document by clicking on its tab at the top of the design window. Paste the
sheet into the existing PCB using CTRL + V. The contents of the template are pasted ontoMechanical16 layer.
5. Now we need to show the Mechanical16 layer and link it to the sheet. S
Layers & Colors to display the View Configurations dialog. Click on Sh
Sheet.
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Preparing the Board for Design Transfer
6. Turn on Single Layer Mode to always show the sheet regardless of the
status of Single Layer Mode as enabled in the View Options tab of the
View Configurations dialog. Click OK to close the dialog.
7.
e the sheet
8.
When you are working with
layer-specific objects, such
as defining the keepout
Single Layer mode to hide
yer mode.
Finally, we can size the sheet to include the sheet border. Press V, H (toview sheet) or Z, S (to zoom sheet). The sheet fits to the extents of the
objects on the layer linked to the sheet, i.e. it fits to includ
requirements on theKeepout layer, switch to
the contents of all other
layers. Press SHIFT + S to
switch to single la
border defined on the Mechanical16 layer.
You can now modify the title block, for example, by switching toPress SHIFT + S again to
restore the display of all
layers.
Mechanical16 layer and adding or deleting objects. The sheet will resize
to include all objects when you press V, H (view sheet) or Z, S (zoom
sheet) again. You can save any custom views you create as view
configurations, which you can re-use time and again.
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Preparing the Board for Design Trans
Track placement mod
are available when
defining a keepout.
Press
e
etween Start
and End modes.
Use BACKSPACE to
remove the last placed
track segment.Press TAB to display th
Line Constraints dialog
and change properties
Keepouts
SHIFT+
SPACEBAR to cycle
through the modes.
Press SPACEBAR to
toggle b
As well as the board shape, you should also define a placement and routing boundary around the ed
of the board. This is done by placing objects on the keepout layer. Objects placed on this layer defin
'no-go' zones for components and routing. Typically, you would define a shape just in from the edge
the board to restrict components and routing from being placed to close to the edge of the board. Yocan also define other routing and component keepouts areas for mechanical objects such as screw
heads, or other mounting requirements.
Keepout boundaries can be defined using any standard objects, such as lines, arcs, fills and regions
A board keepout is also automatically included when using a PCB manufactu
PCB, e.g. AT or Eurocard. The sheet size templates, e.g.
rers’ template to create
new do
If y
kee
• , or clicking on PCB File in the
•
Onl pout has
to be ad
To define a keepout that applies on all copper layers:
1. Click on the Keep-Out layer tab so you will be placing the tracks on this
layer only.
2. Select Place » Line. Click to define the vertex points of the keepout and
create the closed shape.
3. When you have finished placing keepout tracks, right-click or press ESC to exit line placement
mode.
A2.pcbdoc, not include keepouts
Defining an All-layer Keepoutou create a new PCB in the following ways, you will need to define the
pout yourself by:
selecting File » New » PCB from the menus
New section of the Files panel,
using the PCB sheet size templates, e.g. A2.pcbdoc, by choosing PCB
Templates from the New from Template section of the Files panel.
y a default board shape is created by these commands, so the kee
ded once the board shape has been defined.
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Preparing the Board for Design Transfer
10 TU0110 (v1.4) October 18, 2007
er-specific Keepout
e layer-specific keepouts on any copper layer. To do this:
Defining a Lay
You can also defin
1. Click on the layer tab of the required layer.
2. Define the boundary or area of the keepout area by placing layer-specific keepout objects (Place »
Keepout submenu). Layer specific keepouts are simply standard objects with the Keepout attribute
enabled. They are displayed in the same color as the layer, with a keepout colored edge. Note that
layer-specific keepout objects are not included in the Gerber or ODB++ output files.
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Preparing the Board for Design Trans
Setting Up the PCB Workspace
Now you have created your board shape, sheet and any keepout boundaries, we will take a quick lo
des
Gr
You need to ensure that the placement grid is set correctly before you start positioning any
components on the board. Other than the components, all the objects placed in the PCB workspace
are aligned on a grid called the Snap Grid . This grid needs to be set to suit the routing technology th
you intend to use.
To set the grids:
1. Select Design » Board Options [shortcut D, O] to open the Board Options dialog.
at setting up the grids, layers and design rules in the PCB Editor. Then you will be ready to start
igning your board.
ids
2. Set the values of the Snap Grid and the Component Grid using the drop-down lists or typing in
the value. The Snap Grid is usually set to a either a multiple or a fraction of the component pin
pitch, e.g., to route a track between the pins of a component with a pin pitch of 100 mil, a Snap G
of 25 mil could be used. The Component Grid controls the placement of components only.
3. Note that this dialog is also used to define the Electrical Grid. The Electrical Grid operates whenyou place an electrical object; it overrides the snap grid and snaps electrical objects together as
soon as they come within the defined grid range.
4. You could also set two different Visible Grids as well. These are for visual alignment only. Click O
to close the dialog.
5. When you wish to change or override the grids, you can use the shortcut keys, e.g. G to pop up t
Snap Grid menu, or SHIFT + E to toggle the Electrical Grid on or off.
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Preparing the Board for Design Transfer
Defining the Layer Stack and Other NConfiguration
on-electrical Layers in a View
tions
ny 2D or 3D view configurations for use time and again. Select Design » Board
Layers & Colors [shortcut L] to display the View Configurations dialog.
is a multi-layered environment that is ideal for normal PCB design routines such as placing
e and out
u
look at the bottom of the PCB workspace, you will notice a series of layer tabs,
ns you perform will be on a particular layer.
The PCB Editor can display the PCB model in 2D or 3D modes with definitions for layers, surfaces,
colors, visibility and other items, known as view configurations, available from the View Configura
dialog. You can save a
2D mode
components, routing and connecting. 3D mode is useful for examining your design both insid
as a full 3D model (3D mode does not provide the full range of functionality available in 2D mode). Yo
can switch between 2D and 3D modes through File » Switch To 3D or File » Switch To 2D [shortcut 2
(2D), 3 (3D)]. If you
most of the editing actio
There are three types of layers in the PCB Editor:
Electrical layers – these include the 32 signal layers and 16 plane layers. Electrical layers are•
added to and removed from the design in the Layer Stack Manager dialog (Design » Layer Stack
Manager). See Using the Layer Stack Manager below for more information.
• Mechanical layers. There are 16 general purpose mechanical layers for defining the board outline,
placing dimensions on, including fabrication details on, or any other mechanical details the design
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Preparing the Board for Design Trans
requires. These layers can be selectively included in print and Gerber output generation. You
add, remove and
ca
name mechanical layers in the View Configurations dialog. You can save any
's database. Onl
Enable the Linked To Sheet checkbox to relate a mechanical layer to the PCB sheet object.
Related linked mechanical layers are hidden when the Display Sheet option is disabled (Board
Options dialog). They are also used to determine the extents of the sheet when the Auto-positio
sheet option is chosen in the Board Shape sub-menu.
• Special layers. These include the top and bottom silkscreen layers, the solder and paste mask
layers, drill layers, the Keep-Out layer (used to define the electrical boundaries), the multilayer
(used for multilayer pads and vias), the connection layer, DRC error layer, grid layers and hole
layers.
Using the Layer Stack Manager
Simple designs can be routed as a single-sided or double-sided board. If the design is more comple
you can add more layers by using the Layer Stack Manager dialog. Three kinds of layers – signal
layers, internal plane layers and insulation (substrate) layers – can be added to the layer stack. Thes
must be correctly specified if you intend to perform a signal integrity analysis.
1. Select Design » Layer Stack Manager [shortcut D, K] to display the Layer Stack Manager dialo
custom views you create as view configurations, which you can re-use time and again. Enable th
Only show enabled mechanical layers checkbox to limit the list to only enabled layers.
Before a Mechanical layer can be used, it must be enabled. Toggle the checkboxes in the Enabl
column to specifically make that mechanical layer part of the PCB file y enabledmechanical layers can be part of the database. You cannot disable mechanical layers that have
design objects on them. To edit a mechanical layer name, click to select the name and press F2
edit it.
The Show checkbox allows you to control the visibility of a mechanical layer. The Display In
Single Layer Mode checkbox causes that layer to be displayed when Single Layer Mode is used
(SHIFT + S).
2. al and plane layers can be added to the design as required, by selecting an existing lay
and clicking the
New sign
Add Layer or Add Plane buttons respectively. New layers and planes are added
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Preparing the Board for Design Transfer
below the currently selected layer. Once the required layers have been added, use the Move Up
and Move Down buttons to configure the layer stack.
Double-click on a layer name to edit the properties of that layer (alternatively, select the layer and
press the
3.
properties
4. ltr
elect the preferred stack-up style from the drop-down list located at the top-right of the
rm a
ll pairs by clicking on the Configure Drill Pairs button.
5.
Se
Ru
Properties button). Layer properties, such as copper thickness and dielectric
are used for signal integrity analysis.
The stack-up style refers to the order of the insulation layers through the layer stack. Three defaustack-up styles are supported – Layer Pairs, Internal Layer Pairs and Build-Up. Changing the laye
stack-up style changes the way that the core and prepreg layers are distributed through the layer
stack. S
dialog. Defining the stack-up style is important if you plan to use blind and buried vias, or perfo
detailed signal integrity analysis of the design. If you require blind and buried vias, you must define
the allowed dri
Click OK to close the dialog.
For more information about the Layer Stack Manager, press F1 when the dialog is open.
tting up Design Rules
You are now ready to set up your design rules in the PCB Editor (Design » Rules) using the PCB
les and Constraints Editor dialog.
Alternatively, you can use the Design Rule Wizard (Design » Rule Wizard) to get started. By creating
a complete set of design rules at this stage, not only will the online DRC (Design Rules Check) flag you
immediately when violations occur, but you will actually be prevented from creating violations in the firstplace. The autorouter, when running, will look to the design rules you have set up as well.
Once you have created a set of rules that can be reused in similar projects, such as preferred track
widths or a minimum clearance between components, you can import and export individual design
rules by right-clicking in the Design Rule tree in the PCB Rules and Constraints Editor dialog.
For more information, refer to Specifying the PCB Design Rules and Resolving Violations article.
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Preparing the Board for Design Trans
Ready to Transfer the Schematic Design to the PCB?
Before transferring the schematic information from a schematic document to the new PCB, make su
your PCB file is part of the same .PrjPCB project
check to make sure that all the librarie
•
• s required for the PCB footprints are available.
On
erro
tha
g Started with PCB Desig
For more information about using libraries, refer to the Component, Model and Library Concepts article.
ce the project has been compiled (Project » Compile Project) in the Schematic Editor and any
rs in the schematic fixed, use the Design » Update PCB Document command to generate ECO
t will transfer the schematic information to the target PCB.
For more information about updating a PCB, refer to the tutorial, Gettin
Revision History
Date Version No. Revision
9-Dec-2003 1.0 New product release
18-Jul-2005 1.1 Expanded and updated for Altium Designer, and document name changed
12-Dec-2005 1.2 Path references updated for Altium Designer 6
8-Jan-2007 1.3 Incorrect menu reference fixed
18-Oct-2007 1.4 Updates for Altium Designer 6.8
Software, hardware, documentation and related materials:
Copyright © 2007 Altium Limited.
All rights reserved. You are permitted to print this document provided that (1) the use of such is for personal use
only and will not be copied or posted on any network computer or broadcast in any media, and (2) no modificatio
of the document is made. Unauthorized duplication, in whole or part, of this document by any means, mechanica
electronic, including translation into another language, except for brief excerpts in published reviews, is prohibited
without the express written permission of Altium Limited. Unauthorized duplication of this work may also be
prohibited by local statute. Violators may be subject to both criminal and civil penalties, including fines and/or
imprisonment. Altium, Altium Designer, Board Insight, CAMtastic, CircuitStudio, Design Explorer, DX , LiveDesigP
NanoBoard, NanoTalk, Nexar, nVisage, P-CAD, Protel, SimCode, Situs, TASKING, and Topological Autorouting
and their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Altium Limited or its subsidiaries. All other
registered or unregistered trademarks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners and notrademark rights to the same are claimed.
TU0110 (v1.4) October 18, 2007