T rp n Led chiu sng sn vn dng ngun pin mt tri

T rp n Led chiu sng sn vn dng ngun pin mt tri

Chuyn mc: Mch khc

c ng ngy Ch nht, 24 Thng 6 2012 04:45

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Khi du lch qua nh Bn Calgary, Alberta, Canada, i u ti cng thy ngi ta dng rt nhiu loi n led gn nh, cm ngoi sn vn hay trn cc li i, dng ngun pin charge 1.2V v pin mt tri chiu sng mi khi tri ti v khi tri sng th mch n led s t tt v lc ny pin c cho np li in.

Theo gi ca Bn ti s thit k mt mch in c cng dng tng t nhng c th dng c nhiu led siu sng trng hn, n s cho nh sng mnh hn. Yu cu ny tht ra khng kh i vi dn in t chuyn nghip nh chng ta, vn l, tm linh kin u rp mch? T ngha ny ti cng Bn i do qua nhiu ca hng in t, i nhiu ni v s k cho Bn nghe cng vic ca chng ti. Trc ht hy ni n loi n mt led gn nh bn trong cc siu th, gi bn trn di 2 . D nhin ti cn mt ci phn tch, phi khng?

1. Phn tch kiu n mt Led dng chiu sng sn vn bn trn th trng Canada v vng Bc M.

Trong hnh chp, Bn thy trn tay ti l mt cy n mt led siu sng dng chiu sng ngoi tri mi khi tri ti. Bn thy n c th cm xung bt c u, bn trn l pin mt tri dng chuyn i nh sng ra in nng np vo pin. Ngun pin charge 1.2V ny s cp in cho Led siu sng lm vic trong sut m di. Tm li c tri ti, th Led c ngun pin 1.2V cp in chiu sng v sng ra th tm pin mt tri li pht ra in v li np in li cho pin.

Hnh chp di y cho thy cc thnh phn ca loi n mt Led siu sng hin dng trn cc sn vn.

Hnh chp cho thy, bn trn l pin mt tri. Bn trong c 1 pin charge loi NiCd 1.2V v mt mch in t nng p mc ngun DC thp ln xung volt cao vi IC 4 chn dng cun cm v 1 led siu sng t trong bu nha. Bn di l chn cm, dng cm trn li i hay ngoi sn vn.

S mch in.

Ti v li s mch in v cho thy trong mch dng IC ID1803 lm cc nhim v sau:

To ra xung kch thch mt cun cm 150uH, vi mc xung trn cun cm cao, phi trn mc ro p 3V ca led siu sng trng, mi c th kch sng cc led siu sng. IC lm vic vi ngun pin 1.2V.

Ngoi ra lc tri sng, t bn pin mt tri (solar cell) s pht ra mc p khong 2V v ngun in ny s cho np li in cho pin charge 1.2V. iu cn nh l trong IC phi c mch trnh x in ngc t ngun pin charge qua solar cell lc tri ti.

Ni chung, cu trc mch rt gn nh n nh, nn nh tn IC ny, chng ta cn c th dng IC ID1803 loi 4 chn gn nh ny cho nhiu ng dng khc na.

2. T rp mch tt m nhiu n Led dng chiu sng sn vn.

By gi ni n tng thit k mch in ca chng ta. D nhin, trc ht t cc yu cu ca ngi Bn:

Mch phi cp in cho nhiu Led siu sng c mc sng mnh hn. Mch t pht sng mi khi tri ti v phi t tt khi tri sng. Mch chy ngun pin charge v pin c np li in vi ngun in ca solar cell. Mch phi n nh, bn v chu c nhit bin i ln x lnh lo ny.

D nhin, do iu kin l khng c cc linh kin nh , chng ta s ch dng mt s mch in tht n gin, tht c bn lm c cc cng nng trn. S mch in ti nh rp c v ra nh hnh sau:

Phn tch s mch in:

Mch in gm c 4 phn:

(Phn 1). Mch np pin. y, chng ta s dng ngun pin solar cell loi cho ra 6V, cho ghp ni tip 3 pin solar ny s c ngun in DC ra lc cao nht l 18V, chng ta dng ngun in ny np li in cho mt cqui nh 12V. Trong mch dng diode D1 trnh pin x ngc vo solar cell khi mc p trn solar cell xung thp khi tri ti.

(Phn 2). Mch cm bin dng quang tr SCd d tri sng/tri ti. Quang tr ghp ni tip vi chit p RV1 to ra cu chia p. Khi tri sng, quang tr s t gim ohm, vy in p cho ra trn chn gia ca chit p RV1 s tng ln v ngc li khi tri ti, do ni tr ca quang tr tng cao nn mc volt ly ra trn chn gia ca chit p s gim xung mc thp. Chng ta s dng mc p DC ln xung ny lm bo ha hay lm ngng dn transistor Q1.

C th thy, khi tri sng, mc p ra trn chn gia ca RV1 ln cao hn 0.7V, n s lm cho Q1 bo ha, lc ny mc volt trn chn C ca Q1 s xung gn mc 0V. Ngc li khi tri ti, mc p cp cho chn B ca Q1 xung di mc 0.4V, th Q1 s ngng dn v lc ny mc volt trn chn C ca Q1 s ln mc p cao.

(Phn 3). Mch in dng cp ngun cho cc led siu sng. n gin chng ta dng transistor Q2 vi chn B cho ghim p bng 1 diode zener, y chng ta c th dng mi ni ngc ca chn BE ca transistor 2SC1815 dng nh mt diode zener khong 8V. Trong mch R2 l in tr nh dng v cng l in tr cp volt phn cc cho chn B ca Q2. Vi diode zener trn chn B, mc p ly ra trn chn E ca Q2 s lun trong trng thi n nh. T C1 dng lc nhiu tn cao trn chn B v t ha C2 dng tng n nh in p trn chn E. y Bn d dng thy, khi tri ti, Q1 ngng dn, chn B ca Q2 s c mc p cp do R2, vy chn E s c mc p DC cp cho cc led chiu sng, mc p ny n nh nh c diode zener to bi chn EB ca Q3. Khi tri ti, Q1 bo ha, chn B ca Q2 b ko xung mc 0V v nh vy khng c p trn chn E ca Q2, tt c cc led s vo trng thi tt.

(Phn 4). Mch chiu sng dng cc led siu sng trng, c ro p l 3V, n gin mch chiu sng ch l cc led siu sng mc trn chn E ca Q2. y Bn cn nh, mc ro p ca cc led loi ny l 3V, nu Bn mc 2 led ni tip th mc ro p s l 6V, vy nu mc p ngun cp cho cc led l 8V th Bn phi dng thm in tr nh dng R3. Mun bit tr ca R3, Bn c th xc nh theo lut Ohm. Cch tnh nh sau:

H thc trn cho thy, khi ly dng lm vic l 5mA th in tr R3 l 390 ohm, mun dng lm vic ca cc led ln hn, ngha l Led s pht sng mnh hn, Bn phi gim tr ca in tr nh dng R3. mch ny Bn khng th mc 3 led siu sng ni tip trn mt nhnh v lc mc ro p s l 9V, v vi ngun cp ca mch ch c 8V n s khng th bm dng qua cc led ny.

Vy mun dng nhiu Led chiu sng, Bn cho mc song song nhiu nhnh, mi nhnh vi 2 Led v mt in tr hn dng.

3. By gi ni n vn rp mch.

Mun rp mch chng ta phi c cy hn, bn mch in, cy khoan v cc linh kin linh tinh ng theo s ca mch in trn. y ti c cy hn vit, c ch hn v km ct (Vi mn ngh bt ly thn, mang t M qua Canada). Vy ch thiu c linh kin v bn mch in m thi.

Vy ti gii quyt vn nh th no?

Trc ht hy ni n linh kin. Ti cng ngi Bn n vi ca hng bn linh kin ri Calgary, Canada tm mua, khi nhn vo cc k linh kin v c gi tin bn cnh th bt nga, cc linh kin ri y bn vi gi qu cao. Cn bn mch in cng vy, mt bn mch in khng ln hn bn tay bn trn 10 . Ni chung khng th mua linh kin y, v nu mua cho mch th khi rp xong mch c th phi tn trn 40 . Cui cng ti hi Bn ch tm lm cc my h c tho my ly linh kin trn board. V chng ti m ra vi ch ngi ta n b , vi cc my c, hay h b ny, chng ta c th ly c th linh kin c th rp c nhiu th mch hp dn khc na m khng phi tn 1 no c.

By gi ni n cch lm bn mch, trc ht ti tr li kiu cch lm thc hnh ca cc hc vin ca trng dy ngh in T Thc Hnh ca my chc nm trc, thi 1980, thu tnh hnh my mc, tm cc linh kin, ni chung Vit nam cn rt kh khn. Ti cho ly inh u to cm trn mt t ba giy cng dng lm trm hn. Hnh chp sau y cng cho thy cch t lm bn trm hn rp mch in ca ti nh Bn. By gi ti th li kiu rp mch ny thay cho cch dng bn mch in.Cch ti t lm bn trm th cng hn rp mch in trn x Calgary, Canada, nm 2012.

Cch lm rt n gin, ly ba giy cng, k ngang dc nh cc giao im cho cch u nhau, sau cm cc kim u dp cc giao im ny. Bn xem hnh, ch cha khong cch gn nhau nhng khng c cho chm nhau. Lm th l Bn c mt bn mch c th hn gn cc linh kin rt tin li.

Hnh chp sau y cho thy mch in c rp hon chnh v a vo s dng.

Trong mch ny:

C 2 dy cho ni vo tm pin mt tri (solar cell) t trn mi nh, hng vo vng nng nhiu, khng b cc vt cn che chn nng.

C 2 dy ni vo mt cqui nh, 12V, c th dng pin Lithium, ly t cc my in thoi cell phone.

Ra 2 dy ni vo cc n led siu sng gn chung quanh nh, trn li i v trong sn vn.

C 2 dy ni vo mt quang tr, b cm bin quang, dng d tri sng hay ti tt m led.

chn nhy, khi t xong mch vo hp, t quang tr ch d pht hin sng ti, chng ta c th chnh chit p RV1 nh mc sng dng tt m cc led. Vi mch in qu c bn ny, c th thy n rt t h hng, mch s rt bn v c tui th vi chc nm.

Sau khi vit xong bi ny, ca hng Phc Lan nhn rp theo yu cu ca mt Bn vng Bc M. Bn dng mch in ny chiu sng theo vng ro ca sn vn (back yard rt rng) v to ng sng cho hng lang xe chy trong bui ti qua sn vn. Do vy y ti cung cp mt vi hnh nh ca mch in rp ny cc Bn tham kho thm.

Cch dng mch:

1. Hai dy ng vo cho ni vo ngun pin cqui 12V (Nh mc ng cc m dng).

2. Hai dy ng ra cho chy dc theo hng ro sn vn, hay theo hng lang xe, ch no cn chiu sng th Bn mc mt nhnh 3 Led vo, nh gn ng cc ngun. Nh vy Bn c th mc c rt nhiu nhnh Led trn 2 dy in ng ra ny v cho chiu sng rt nhiu ni chung quanh nh Bn.

3. t quang tr SCd bn ngoi n pht hin lc tri sng m tt n v lc tri ti m t ng cho m n, Bn chnh chit p nh ra mc ti mch cho m n.

Qua cc hnh trn Bn thy mch in thc dng ny rt d rp, nu c cc linh kin trong tay ti ngh Bn d dng rp thnh cng mch in ny. C phi khng?

Tm kt.

Khi ht gi hc trng BHCC, ti bc ra khi phng hc v ang ngi ngoi sn trng di ci nng chi chang ca vng Bc M, trong ci lnh gn 0 C ca ma xun. Trc mt xa xa l cc on xe in ngm mu cam chy vo (inbound) chy ra (outbound). Ti gi in thoi v bn nh v trao i v ch sp vit, chng r t ca ti gi l nn b sung thm thnh ra mch Emergency Lamp, tc l B n t sng khi mt in, mch in ny s hu dng hn Vit Nam. Do khi vit xong bi ny, ti thm vo tnh nng dng lm n d phng.

Nguyn l lm vic ca mch cng kh n gin: Khi c in 220V, qua bin p T1, chng ta c ngun in 15V AC. Qua diode nn dng D5 v in tr hn dng np 220 ohm, chng ta cho np in b xung vo ngun pin charge. Lc ny trn t C3 cng c mc p dng nn n s lm cho transistor Q1 bo ha, vy Q2 s ngng dn v cc Led siu sng s tt.

Cn khi b mt in th sao?

Lc ny mt volt dng trn t C3, nn transistor Q1 s vo trng thi ngng dn, n cho Q2 dn in v trn chn E s c p DC khong 8V lm sng cc Led, cc Led ny lm vic vi ngun pin charge 12V vi dng tiu th nh nn c th chiu sng c nhiu gi lin tc.

Khi c in li th sao?

Th trn t C3 li c volt dng v Q1 li b bo ha v Q2 li ngng dn v cc Led li tt, v lc ny th ngun pin charge li c cho np in b.

Ti ngh nu thy thch v thy cn c b n d phng, phng khi mt in vn c ngun sng d b, Bn hy rp theo s mch in ny th xem! ng lo, s thnh cng 100% thi. Cho! S gp li trong bi ti...Mong Bn thng xuyn vo trang web nh phuclanshop.com cng nhau trao i.

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