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IASIA
How can public administration reforms instill (or not) cooperation among the society?
Portugal
INA
CAAP-ISCSP
David Ferraz
IASIA Annual Conference, Paris 6th July, 2015
IASIA
Introduction
Introduction
• We cooperate when we have similar interests
• It promotes things that cannot be achieved individually
• It is nice for us as individuals because we feel pleasant
• Cooperation is on the foundation of PA: public interest prosecution
IASIA
Although the concept is now fashion to PA theory
Cooperation in practice is not new and we can find it in many alternative ways of public service provision
Introduction
IASIA
Cooperation in practice is not new
Introduction
Ancien constructions
Community oven
Public Water Suply
IASIA
With the time and thw growth of PA, new models of service provinding were needed
Introduction
3Es
IASIA
Portugal: Public Administration Reforms
•2007:
•Reduction of 25% of structures and management posts
•New statutes to about 430 public organizations
•2011:
•Reduction of management positions and services in at least 15% in Central Administration
Central Administration reorganization (PRACE+PREMAC)
•Overquota workers
•Dismisse
•Civil servants can be dismiss if the public organization is restructured or if the position is extinguished
Civil Servants mobility / requalification program
•The new civil servant statute supposes a position system and employment regimes similar to the private sector.
•Diminishment from 1715 careers to 3 general careers
•Evolution according to performance evaluation
Careers and remunerations statute / New Civil Servant employment statute
• Centralized purchasement
Central procurement agency
Portuguese Context
IASIA
UNIT: Percentage of GDP SECTOR: General government
COFOG99: Total INDIC_NA: Total general government expenditure
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statistics/search_database
Total general government expenditure
Expenditure Increased ~7% in PT
IASIA Portuguese
Context
What has been failing?
Consensus orientation Participation Law Effectiveness and efficiency Transparency Accountability Equity and inclusion
Latest Portuguese PA reforms orientation
We need models of Administration that effectively decrease expenditure
Portuguese Context
Good gov. principles
Co-production
Cooperation And instill… Active
Citizenship
IASIA Active
Citizenship
Active citizenship as volunteer work
Very High (>40% of the adults) Austria, Netherlands, Sweden, UK
High (30-39% of the adults) Denmark; Deutschland; Finland; Luxembourg
Medium (20-29% of the adults) Estonia; France; Latonia
Low (10-19% of the adults) Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic; Ireland, Malta, Portugal;
Slovakia, Romania, Slovene; Spain
Very low (<10% of the adults) Bulgaria, Greece, Lithuania
GHK Final report (2010) In: “Voluntariado em PT: contextos, atores e práticas Fundação Eugénio de Almeida
IASIA Active
Citizenship
In: “Voluntariado em PT: contextos, atores e práticas Fundação Eugénio de Almeida
Portuguese participation index evolution
Reduction from 1990 (19%) to 2011 (12%) 2002: • NPM reforms enforcement 2011: • TROIKA:
• 1 hour plus of work • Decrease on remuneration
• More individualist system
IASIA Active
Citizenship
In: “Voluntariado em PT: contextos, atores e práticas Fundação Eugénio de Almeida
Relation between levels of participation in volunteer work and “participation / volunteer regulation”, 2010 (%)
With Regulation Without Regulation
Why?
Centralized
Decentralized
Liberal revolution (1820)
Land is divided in districts and counties, but managed by central bodies politically nominated Centralization
“once the power is obtained, the best way to remain it , is centralize.
Alexandre Herculano, 1858
quarta-feira, 14 de julho de 2015
Portuguese history is about centralization
1st republic (1910-1930) Ideals of decentralization no time to put them into practice: 1933
“New State” dictatorship (1933-1974)
Ideals of decentralization no time to put them into practice: 1933
Decentralization of some few competences to municipalities (1974) Ideals of decentralization no time to put them into practice: 1933
90 years of
Centralization
20 eyars of ideals of decentralization
41 years of
Centralization
40 years of few decentralization
What have to be done?
90 years of Centralization
20 eyars of ideals of decentralization
41 years of Centralization
60 years
of few Decentralization
131 years
of Centralization
40 years of few decentralization
TOTAL
Portugal from 1820 till now:
Devolution of powers to citizens
What have to be done?
Some Portuguese recent experiencies
Marie’s Benfica Gardens
Less More Level of intervention
MYSTREET PROJECT
IASIA
Municipalities
60 years
of few Decentralization
Main issues and problems of participation and active citizenship
What have to be done?
1st
Participation is more effective when closed to the population
(Decentralized level) 131 years
of Centralization
Parliament
MYSTREET PROJECT
2nd: By participating, is democracy better?
• Who is participating • If it is minority achieving more resources
• What about does who are not participating?
• !Asymmetric information; info excludes
IASIA Conclusion
Conclusion:
Participation and active citizenship could inforce democratic principles but may not feet well all public services provision
Service delivery should be concern not only with 3E’s but also with the traditional principles and foundations of PA (equity; equality; fraternity; transparence …)
Involvement of citizens is easier at a decentralized level (more close to the problem), but not always the more efficient
Participation and active citizenship is particularly need to complex nonlinear problems (poverty; exclusion)
We should differentiate interested participation (lobby) from disinterested one
Education to Citizenship: may be this will contribute to reduce public expenditure
IASIA Conclusion
Conclusion: How can PA instill collaboration?
Boost participation networks
Moderate and reconciling interests
Aggregating social preferences
Building consensus Guarantes the
representation of all stakeholders
Guarante the neutrality and
independence of tenders
Improve the transparency of
participatory processes
Communicating
Boosts information and knowledge
(decreasing asymmetries)
David Ferraz Slide| 21
Links Constitution of the Portuguese Republic
http://www.portugal.gov.pt/Portal/EN/Portugal/Sistema_Politico/Constituicao/
Government site http://www.portugal.gov.pt/Portal/EN
The President of the Republic http://www.presidenciarepublica.pt
Assembly of the Republic (Parliament) http://www.parlamento.pt/ingles/index.html
Courts
http://www.stj.pt/?newlang=uk http://www.tribunalconstitucional.pt/ https://www.tcontas.pt/en/english.shtm http://www.sta.mj.pt/ http://www.trl.pt/
Republic Diary (law repository) http://www.digesto.gov.pt/
Statistics http://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_main&xlang=en
Citizens portal Enterprises Portal
http://www.portaldocidadao.pt http://www.portaldaempresa.pt/cve/pt
Public reform Good Practices
http://www.rcc.gov.pt/pt-PT/Directorio/ContentDetail.aspx http://www.ama.pt/
Translation http://www.google.pt/language_tools?hl=pt-PT
