tsUk; ntshz ;ik Vg ]uy ; 2008 - TNAU Agritech Portalagritech.tnau.ac.in/pdf/tnau publication_April Valarum Velanmai... · tsUk; ntshz ;ik Vg ]uy ; 2008 kyh] -34 3 ,jH; - 04 4. elt

tsUk; ntshz;ik Vg]uy; 2008

1kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

ePh] gw;whf;Fiwah> gpe;ija rhFgoah>

c';fSf;Fj; njit jpUg]gjprhuk; 4 bey;

v.gp.vk;.fpUghfud;/ gp. nfhkjpehafk; kw;Wk; gh. cjaFkhh]

ntshz;ik Muha;r]rp epiyak;/ jpUg]gjprhuk;

bjhiyngrp vz: : 04652 - 276728

Mz;LnjhWk; mnkhf tpisr]ry; juf;Toa gy g[jpa ,uf';fis

jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf;fHfk; btspapLfpwJ. vdpDk;/

tptrhapfspd; njit xt;bthU ,l';fspYk; ntWgLtjhy;/ mth]fSf;Fj;

njitahd ,ufk; mth ]fisg] ngha; nrutpy ;iy vd;gJ ,d;Wk;

cz;ikahfnt ,Uf;fpwJ. gy tptrhapfs; g[Hf;fj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; gHfpa/

giHa ,uf';fisna bjhlh]e;J gaphpLfpd;wdh]. g[jpa bey; ,uf';fis

gaphpl Kd;tUtjpy;iy. ,jw;F gy fhuz';fs; ,Ue;jhYk;/ j';fspd;

njitf;F Vw;w bey; ,ufk; vJ> mJ v';F fpilf;Fk; > nghd;w tptu';fs;

mth]fSf;F fpilf;fhjJ xU Kf;fpa fhuzkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,J jtpu/ g[jpa

,ufj;jpd; bey;iy/ ey;y tpiyf;F tpw;gid bra;a Koa[kh> mjDila

mhprp/ rhg]ghl;Lf;F ed;whf ,Uf;Fkh> nghd;w ,ju re;njf';fSk;

mth]fSf;F cz;lhtjhy;/ g[jpa ,ufj;ij ghpnrhjpf;f m";Rfpd;wdh].

,e;j gpur]ridfisa[k; kPwp rpy Kd;ndho tptrhapfs; j';fs; gFjpf;F

Vw;w ,uf';fis milahsk; fz;L/ rpwg]ghf rhFgo bra;J/ kw;w

tptrhapfSf;F ghij mikf;fpd;wdh]. ,e;j g[jpa ,ufk; j';fs; gapiu tpl

ed;whf ,Ug]gij j';fs; fz;zhy; fz;l gpwFjhd; gy tptrhapfs; me;j

,ufj;ij gaphpl tpUk;g[fpd;wdh]. vdnt g[jpa ,ufj;ijg] gw;wpa Kf;fpa

tptu';fis tptrhapfSf;F bjhptpf;f ntz;oaJ kpft[k; mtrpak;.

,e;j mog]gilapy; 2006k; Mz;oy; jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf;

fHfj;jhy; btspaplg]gl;l jpUg]gjprhuk; 4 vd;w g[jpa bey; ,ufj;jpd;

jdpj;jd;ikfis tptrha bgUkf;fSf;F vLj;Jiug]gnj ,e;jfl;Liuapd;

nehf;fk;.

jpUg]gjprhuk; 4 bey;ypd; jdpj; jd;ikfs;

� kpff; Fiwe;j taJ - nfhilapy; 95 ehs;/ Fsph] fhyj;jpy; 100ehs;

� tpiuthd tsh]r]rp

� Fiwthd J}h]fs]/ Mdhy; ePz;l bghpa fjph]fs;

� rhg]ghl;Lf;Fk;/ ,l]oypf;Fk; Vw;w mk;ig 16 nghd;w bghpa mhprp


2kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

ve;jg] gFjp tptrhapfs; rhFgo bra;ayhk;>

,e;j fhyj;jpy; kiH Fiwthfnt bga;fpw/ gy ,l';fspy; fhy;thapy;

ghrd ePh] kpfg] gpe;jp fpilf;fpwJ. my;yJ Kd;ghfnt epWj;jg]gLfpwJ.

bew;gaphpy; fjph]btspte;J ghy; gpof;Fk; rkaj;jpy; rpy ,l';fspy; ghrd

ePh] gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gLfpwJ. filrp neuj;jpy; xd;W my;yJ ,uz;L

ePh]g]ghrdk; bra;aKoahj fhuzj;jhy;/ bey; tay; fha;e;J/ tptrhapfs;

e#;lk; milfpwhh]fs;. 110 - 115 taJila ,ufj;jpw;Fg] gjpyhf 95-100 ehs;

taJs;s mijtpl FWfpa fhy bey; ,ufj;ijg] gaphpl;lhy; ,e;j ,Hg]ig

jtph]f;f Koa[k;. ,jw;fhfnt ,e;j g[jpa ,ufk; cUthf;fg]gl;lJ.

vdnt jpUg]gjprhuk; 4 bey;iy fPH;f;fz;l ,lw;ghlhd rka';fspy;

gaphplyhk;.

� fhy;thapy; ePh]g]ghrdk; gpe;jp fpilf;Fk; rka';fspy;

� Fsj;jpy; my;yJ fpzw;wpy; Fiwthd ePh] cs;s fhy';fspy;

� filkil/ fil tuk;g[ gFjpapy;

ve;j gl;lk;>

nk khjk; Kjy; mf;nlhgh] tiu cs;s fhh]/ FWit gl;lj;jpYk;/ etk;gh]

Kjy; khh]r] Koa cs;s gprhdk;/ jhso gl;lj;jpYk; jpUg]gjprhuk; 4 bey;iy

gaphplyhk;. fhh] FWit nghd;w nfhil gl;lj;jpy; 95 ehl;fspYk;/ jhso/

gprhdk; nghd;w Fsph] gl;lj;jpy; 100 ehl;fspYk; mWtil bra;ayhk;.

tpijg]gh> elth>

jpUg]gjprhuk; 4 bey;iy g[Gjp tpijg]ghfnth/ nrw;W tpijg]ghfnth/

elt[ gapuhfnth rhFgo bra;ayhk;. vdpDk;/ elt[ bra;a[k;nghJ rpy Kf;fpa

(vspa) cHtpay; Kiwfis gpd;gw;wpdhy;jhd; ey;y tpisr]ry; fpilf;Fk;.

1. ,e;j ,ufj;jpd; taJ Fiwthf ,Ug]gjhy; ,s ehw;iw (20tJ ehspy;)

gwpj;J elntz;Lk;. ehw;wpd; taJ mjpfkhdhy; J}h]fspd; fjph]fspd;

vz;zpf;ifa[k; Fiwe;JtpLk;.

2. jpUg]gjprhuk; 4 bey;ypd; ehw;W/ kw;w ,uf';fistpl tpiuthft[k;

caukhft[k; tsuf;Toa tPhpaKs;sJ. vdnt 20 ehspy; elt[f;F Vw;w

mst[ caukhf tsh]e;JtpLk;.

3. elt[ rkaj;jpy; ftdpf;f ntz;oa kw;bwhU Kf;fpa mk;rk;/ elt[

,ilbtspahFk;. Fiwe;j taJila ,ufj;ij beUf;fkhf el;lhy;jhd;

mjpf tpisr]ry; fpilf;Fk; vd;gij tptrhapfs; mwpthh]fs;. vdnt ,e;j

jpUg]gjprhuk; 4 ,ufj;ija[k; rJu kPl;lUf;F 66 Fj;JfSf;F Fiwahky;

elt[ bra;a ntz;Lk;.


3kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

4. elt[ bra;j 45tJ ehspy; ,e;j gaphpy; fjph] btspte;JtpLk;. vdnt gaphpd;

tsh]r]rpf;F fhyk; Fiwthf ,Ug]gjhy;/ nkYuj;ij tpiuthf ,l;L gaphpd;

tsh]r]rpia Jhpjg]gLj;j ntz;Lk;. elt[ bra;j 10tJ/ 20tJ kw;Wk; 30tJ

ehspy; Vf;fUf;F 25 fpnyh a{hpah/ 8 fpnyh bghl;lh#; tPjk; nkYukpLtjhy;

mjpf fjph]fisa[k;/ mjpf tpisr]riya[k; bgwyhk;. mo cukpLk;nghJ

kw;w ,uf';fSf;F ,Ltijg] nghy Vf;fUf;F 25 fpnyh a{hpah/ 125 fpnyh

Ng]gh] gh!;ngl;/ 8 fpnyh bghl;lh#; ,l ntz;Lk;.

tpisr]ry;/ jhdpak;/ mhprp gw;wpa tptuk;

jpUg]gjprhuk; 4 ,ufk; tpiuthf tsh]e;J Kjph]r]rp miltjhy;/

bghJthf neha;fshnyh g{r]rpfshnyh jhf;fg]gLtjpy;iy. vdpDk;/

fz;fhzpg]g[k; jFe;j gaph] ghJfhg]g[k; mtrpak;. mWtil tiu gaph]

rha;tjpy;iy. vdnt mWtil ,ae;jpuk; \ykhf mWtil bra;ayhk;.

fd;dpahFkhp khtl;lj;jpy] ,e;j ,ufk; Vf;fUf;F 2.4 ld; tpisr]ry;

mspj;Js;sJ.

,e;j ,ufj;jpd; bey;/ mk;ig 16 nghd;W gUkdhf ,Ug]gjhy;

bjd;khtl;l';fspy; ey;y tpiyf;F vspjpy; tpw;gid bra;a KofpwJ. ,jd;

mhprp mk;ig 16I nghd;W rikaYf;F Urpahft[k;/ giHa nrhw;Wf;Fk;/ ,l;yp

nghd;w gyfhu';fs; bra;at[k; Vw;wjhf ,Uf;fpwJ.

tpij v';F fpilf;Fk;>

jpUg]gjprhuk; 4 ,uf bey;ypd; tpijfs;/ fd;dpahFkhp khtl;lj;jpYs;s

jpUg ]gjprhuk ; ntshz;ik Muha;r ]r p epiyaj;jpy ; tpw ;gid

bra;ag]gLfpd;wd. xU fpnyh tpijapd; tpiy +gha; 12. neuoahf tu

Koahjth]fs;/ gz m";ry; my;yJ ghuj !;nll; t';fp/ totP!;tuk; fpis

vd;w bgahpy; tiut[ Xiy \ykhf gzj;ija[k;/ Kfthp kw;Wk; tpij mDg]g

ntz;oa Chpd; bgaiua[k; Fwpg]gpl;L fPH;f;fz;l Kfthpf;F mDg]gt[k;.

nguhrphpah] kw;Wk; jiyth]

ntshz;ik Muha]r]rp epiyak;

jpUg]gjprhuk; - 629 901

fd;dpahFkhp khtl;lk;

bjhiyngrp vz; : : 04652 - 276728


4kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

epy Mthiu - khdhthhpf;F cfe;j kUj;Jtg]gaph]

,uh. rutzd; kw;Wk; Kidth] bghd;. kzpnty;

njrpa kUj;Jt kw;Wk; thrid gaph]fs; Muha;r]rp ikak;

Mde;j;/ F$uhj; - 387 310

bjhiyngrp vz:fs; : 0268 - 2578644, 2578182

brd;dh vd;W M';fpyj;jpy; gutyhf miHf;fg]gl;L tUk; epy

MthiuahdJ ((Senna angustifolia) brd;dh m';F!;onghypah)/ gz;ila

,e;jpaKiw kUj;Jtj;jpYk;/ g [jpa ,aw;if kUj;Jt KiwapYk;

kykpsf;fpahf gad;gLj;jg]gLk; Kf;fpa \ypif broahFk;. ,jd; kyk;

,sf;Fk; jd;ikia Kjy; Kjypy; mnugpa ehl;L kUj;Jth]fs; Rkhh]

fp.K.1600 Mz;Lfspnyna fz;lwpe;Js;sdh]. gpd;g[ mnugpa tzpfh]fs;

xd;gJ kw;Wk; gj;jhk; E}w;whz;Lfspy; Inuhg]ghtpy; ,jid mwpKfk;

bra;jdh]. epy Mthiuahd gpd;dh]/ gjpbdl;lhk; E}w;whz;od; kj;jpapy;/

jkpH;ehl;od; jpUbey;ntyp khtl;lj;jpy; Kjd;Kjyhf Inuhg]gpa

ehLfspypUe;J th]j;jfh]fshy; mwpKfg]gLj;jg]gl;L/ ,d;Wk; mjpf

gug]gstpy; gaphplg]gLfpwJ. Kf;fpakhf jkpH;ehl;od; jpUbey;ntyp kw;Wk;

,uhkehjg[uk ; khtl;l';fspy ; mjpfstpYk; ntW gy ,l';fspy ;

FWfpastpYk; rhFgo bra;ag]gLfpwJ.

epy Mthiuapd; kUj;Jt Fzj;jpw ;F fhuzkhf ,Ug]git

brd;ndhirl;!; vdg]gLk; ntjpg]bghUl;fshFk;. ,jd; ,iy kw;Wk;

fha;fspy; brd;ndhirl;!; V/ V1/ gp/ rp kw;Wk; o tif ntjpg]bghUl;fs;

,Uf;fpd;wd. fha;fspy;/ bkhj;jKs;s brd;ndhirl]!;fspy; 95 % tiu V/

V1 rp kw;Wk; o tifa[k; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

Mdhy; ,iyfspy; 80% tiu brd;ndhirl;!; V/V1 kw;Wk; gpa[k;/ 20%

tiu rp kw;Wk; oa[k; cs;sd.

cyf th]j;jfj;jpy;/ jpUbey;ntyp brd;dh (nfrpah m';F!;onghypah)

kw;Wk; mbyf;rhz;ohpa brd;dh (nfrpah mFonghypah) vd ,UntW

,d';fis nrh]e;j Mthiu g[Hf;fj;jpy; cs;sd. mbyf;rhz;ohpa epy

MthiuahdJ vspjpy; cila[k; jd;ikiaf;bfhz;l Tl;L ,iyfSld;/

FWfpa fhk;g[ld;/ ,iyfspd; mog]gFjp rkkw;Wk;/ ,iyfs; 3.5-5 br.kP.

ePsj;Jld;/ 5-10 br.kP. mfyj;ija[k; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. Mdhy; jpUbey;ntyp

epy MthiuahdJ vspjpy; cilahj kw;Wk; FWfpa Edpg]gFjpia bfhz;l

,iyfSld;/ 2-5 br.kP. ePsKk;/ 6-15 br.kP. mfyKk; bfhz;l ,iyfSld;

fhzg]gLk;. ,e;jpahtpy; rhFgoahFk; epy Mthiuf;F cyf re;ijapy; jdp

,lk; cz;L.


5kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

epy MthiuahdJ 1-2kP. cauk; tiu tsuf;Toa rpwpa gaWtif

broahFk; . ,jd; jz;L neuhf tsUtJld; tHtHg;ghft[k ;

,sk;gr]irapypUe;J ,sk;gGg]g[ epwj;jpYk;/ ePskhf tsh]e;j fpisfisa[k;

bfhz;oUf;Fk;. Rkhh] 4ypUe;J 8 tiuapyhd n$ho ,iyfisf; bfhz;l

Tl;L ,iyahdJ tHtHg]g[lDk;/ rw;nw ,dpg]ghft[k;/ xU jdpg]gl;l

kzj;ija[k; bgw;wpUf;Fk;. rpwpa k";rs; epw g{f;fspy; ,Ue;J 5-8 br.kP.

ePsKk; 2-3 br.kP. mfyKk; bfhz;l Rkhh] 8 tpijfSld; Toa ePs; tl;l

fha;fisf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;.

jl;gbtg;gepiy

bghJthf epy Mthiuia xU khdhthhpg] gapuhfj;jhd; cHth]

bgUkf;fs; gaphpLfpd;wdh]. ,Ug;gpDk; rpy ,l';fspy; kl;Lk; ,J ,witg]

gapuhft[k; gaphplg]gl;L tUfpwJ. ,g]gaph] ed;F tsh]tjw;F ey;y Nhpa

btg]gKk;/ xspa[k;/ mt;tg]nghJ bga;a[k; kiHa[k; nghJkhdJ. mjpf

kiHa[k;/ bjhlh]e;J epyj;jpy; jz;zPh] nj';FjYk; ,jd; tsh]r]rpia bghpJk;

ghjpf;Fk;.

kz;

,g]gapiu Vwf;Fiwa vy;yh tpjkhd kz;zpYk; gaphplyhk;.

,Ug]gpDk; kzw;gh';fhd gLif/ brk;kz;/ ruiskz;/ Mw;Wg]gLif

nghd;w kz;tiffspy; bghpJk; gaphplg]gl;L tUfpwJ. fhpry; kz;zpYk;

,g]gaph] rpwg]ghf gaphplg]gl;LtUfpwJ. cg]g[ jd;ik bfhz;l kz;zpYk;

,e;j gaph] ed;whf tsuf;ToaJ.

epyk; jahhpj;jy;

,g]gapiu rhFgo bra;a Ez;zpakhf kz;iz cHt[ bra;a

njitapy;iy. ,UKiw cGJ/ fisfs; ePf]fg]gl;L/ ed;whf rkd; bra;j

epyj;jpy;/ rhptpw;nfw;wthW rpW my;yJ bghpa ghj;jpfis mikj;J ,jid

gaphplyhk;. kiHePh] epyj;jpy; nj';Fjy; ,g]gapiu bghpJk; ghjpf;Fk;.

Fwpg]ghf ,g]gaphpy; xUrpy ehl;fs; jz;zPh] nj';fpdhYk;/ Kw;wpYk; mHpa[k;

tha;g]g[s;sJ.

tpijg]g[ gUtk;

gUt kiH Jt';Fk; neuj;jpy; tpijg]g[ bra;tJ rpwg]ghFk;. jkpH;ehl;oy;

,g]gaph] brg]lk;gh] - mf;nlhgh] khj';fspy; tpijg]g[ bra;ag]gLfpwJ. mjpfkhf

bey; mWtilf;F gpd;dh] kz;zpy; kPjKs;s <ug]gjj;jpnyna ,J

tpijf;fg]gLfpwJ. jkpH;ehl;od; bjd; khtl;l';fspy; ,J khdhthhp gapuhf

kl;Lk; fhpry; kz;zpy; gaphplg]gLfpwJ.

,uf';fs;

epy Mthiuapy; ,Jtiu \d;W ,uf';fs; btspaplg]gl;Ls;sd. mit


6kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

V.vy;.vg].o-2 (ALFT-2)/ jpUbey;ntyp brd;dh (Tirunelveli senna) kw;Wk;

nrhdh (Sona).

tpijast[

,witapy; rhFgo bra;a xU vf;lUf;F gjpide;J fpnyht[k;/

khdhthhpf;F 25 fpnyh tpijfSk; njit. ,t;tpijfs; ifahy; J}tp

tpijf;fg]gLfpd;wd. ey;y kfNy; bgw/ ey;y jpwl]rpahd/ neha;fs; jhf;fhj

jukhd tpijfis gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. ,sk; brofspy; neha; tuhky;

jLg]gjw;F 3 fp. jpuk; gt[liu xU fpnyh tpija[ld; fye;J tpijf;f ntz;Lk;.

tpijfis thpirapy; tpijf;Fk;nghJ tpijapd; msit fzprkhd mst[

Fiwj;Jf; bfhs;s Koa[k;. mjthJ btWk; 6 fp. tpijna xU vf;lUf;F

nghJkhdjhf mika[k;. ,jw;F tpijfis 30 br.kP. f;F xd;whf iffshy;

thpirapy; tpijf;f ntz;Lk;.

tpijf;Fk; Kiw

bghJthf ,jd; tpijfs] iffshy; J}tp tpijg]g[ bra;ag]gLfpwJ.

thpirapy; tpijf;Fk; nghJ thpirf;F thpir 45 br.kP. kw;Wk; brof;Fr]

bro 30 br.kP. ,ilbtsp tpl;L tpijfis tpijf;f ntz;Lk;. kw;w

gaph]fisg] nghy ,ija[k; thpirapy; tpijg]g[ bra;tjd; \yk; fis

vLg]gJ/ kz; mizg]gJ nghd;w ntiyfis Rygkhf bra;a Koa[k;.

tpijfis kz;zpy; mKf;fp tpijf;Fk; nghJ kpft[k; ftdkhf 1-2 br.kP.

MHj;jpy; tpijg]gjd; \yk; rPuhf KistpLtJld; el;l tpijfspy; 90

tpGf;fhl;Lf;Fk; nky; Kisf;f tha;g]g[s;sJ.

cukpLjy;

,g]gapuhdJ Vw;bfdnt ,jw;F Ke;ija gapUf;F ,lg]gl;l cuj;jpd;

cjtpa[ld; gaph ]bra;ag ]gLfpwJ. vdnt ,jw;F jdpahf cukplj;

njitapy;iy. ,witg] gapUf;F 10 ld; bjhGcuj;Jld; 50 fp. jiHr]rj;J/

40 fp. kzpr]rj;J kw;Wk; 20 fp. rhk;gy; rj;J ,Ltjd; \yk; mjpf kfNy;

bgwyhk;. ,Ug]gpDk; mjpf rhk;gy; rj;Js;s epy';fspy; nkw;bfhz;L rhk;gy;

rj;J ,l mtrpakpy;iy. ,witapy; gaphpLk; nghJ jz;zPh] gha;r]Rk;

,ilbtspf;F Vw;g jiHr]rj;ij gphpj;J xt;bthU ePh]gha;r]rypd; nghJ

tH';FtJ ed;W. ,t;thW jiHr]rj;ij bjhlh]e;J mspg]gjhy; ey;y tsh]r]rp

,Uf;Fk; . mjd; \yk; mjpf ,iyfis mWtil bra;a Koa[k ;

bghJthfnt tpijj;jt[ld; xUKiw jz;zPh] ,nyrhf tpLtjhy; ey;y

Kisg]g[j; jpwd; fpilf;Fk;. khdhthhpapy; cukpLtjhf ,Ue;jhy; kiH

bga;a[k; ehl;fspy; ,lntz;Lk;. cyf re;ijapy; ,aw;if Kiwapy;

gaphplg]gl;l epy Mthiuf;F ey;y tpiy fpilj;J tUfpwJ. ,t;thW tpiy

mjpfk; bgw tptrhapfs; j';fs; gaph] ,aw;if (organic) Kiwapy;jhd;


7kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

gaphplg]gl;Ls;sJ vd;gjw;fhd rhd;wpjiH mtrpak; tpw;gidapd; nghJ

,izf;f ntz;Lk;.

ePh] eph]thfk;

Vw;bfdnt TwpaJ nghy; ,g]gaph] KGikahf khdhthhpapy; jhd;

mjpfk; gaphplg]gLtjhy; jdpahf ,jw;F jz;zPh] gha;r]RtJ fpilahJ.

,Ug]gpDk; ,witapy; gaphpLk;nghJ/ tpijj;jt[ld; xU Kiwa[k;/ 30

ehl;fSf;Fg] gpd;g[ kWKiwa[k; ePh] gha;r]Rjy; kpft[k; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

fis eph]thfk;

tpijj;j 25-30 ehl;fspy; Kjyhtjhft[k ; / 90 ehl ;fs; fHpe ;J

,uz;lhtjhft[k ; fis ePf ;FtJ nghJkhdJ. bghJthf ,g]gaph ]

Muk;gfhyj;jpy; kpft[k; bkJthf tsUk;. vdnt mr]rkak; fis eph]thfk;

kpf Kf;fpak;. brofs; 20-25 br.kP. cauk; tiu tsh]e;J tpl;lhy; epyj;ij

KGtJkhf \o fisfis tsutplhky; jLj;JtpLk;.

neha; guhkhpg]g[

ehl;od; tl kw;Wk; nkw;F khepy';fspy; ,g]gapiu ehw;wGfy;

nehahdJ/ Fwpg]ghf tofhy; trjpapy;yhj epy';fspy; gaphpLk;nghJ

jhf;FfpwJ. vdnt ey;y tofhy; trjpfs; bra;tjd; \yKk;/ tpij neh]j;jp

bra;tjd; \yKk; ,jidf] fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;. nkYk; ,iyg]g[s;sp neha;

Vw;glyhk;. ,t;tpU neha;fisa[k;/ ilj;njd; vk;-45 neha]f] bfhy;ypia 0.15

rjtPj mstpy; xUthu ,ilbtspapy; bjspg]gjd; \yk; fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.

neha]f;bfhy;yp kUe;Jfs; bjspj;jgpd; 25-30 ehl;fs; fHpj;Jj;jhd;

,iyfis mWtil bra;a ntz;Lk;.

g{r]rp eph]thfk;

,g]gapUf;F ,iy cz;qk; g [Gtpdhy; mjpf nrjhuk; Vw;gl

tha;g]g[z;L. Fwpg]ghf $îy - mf;nlhgh] khj';fspy; gapiuj; jhf;Fk;

,g]g[Gf;fis oiuf;nfhfpuk;kh fpnyhdp!; vdg]gLk; xl;Lz;zpfshy;

fl;Lg]gLj;j Koa[k;. Rkhh] 150 Mapuk; o.fpnyhdp!; xl;Lz;zpfis xU

vf;lhpy; xU thu ,ilbtspapy; g[Gf;fspd; Kl;il fhyj;jpy; btspapLtjd;

\yk; KGikahf fl;Lg]gLj;j ,aYk;.

gaph] RHw;rp

,g]gaph] fhPg] gUtj;jpy;/ bjd; ,e;jpahtpy; bey;Yf;F mLj;j gapuhf

gaphplg]gLfpwJ. tl kw;Wk; tl nkw;F ,e;jpahtpy; ,jid fLF kw;Wk;

bfhj;jky;ypf;F mLj;J gaphpLfpwhh]fs;.

mWtil kw;Wk; kfNy;

,iyfs; ed;F tsh]e;J epw;Fk; nghJ mtw;iw mWtil bra;a


8kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

ntz;Lk;. ,witapy; ,jid \d;W Kiwfs; tiu mWtil bra;ayhk;.

Kjyhtjhf 90 ehl;fspYk;/ ,uz;lhtJ 150 ehl;fspYk; kw;Wk; \d;whtJ

210 ehl;fspYk; mWtil bra;ayhk;. khdhthhpapy; bghJthf 4-5k;

khj';fSf;F gpwF bkhj;j broiaa[k; btl;o vLj;J/ ,iyfs; gphpj;J

vLf;fg]gLfpwJ.

tpij cw;gj;jpapd; nghJ fha;fs; ed;F Kw;wpa gpwF / gpg]uthp - khh]r]

khj';fspy; gwpf;fyhk;. ,t;thW bgwg]gLk; tpijfs; ey;y Kisg]g[j; jpwd;

bgw;witfshf ,Uf;Fk;. fha;fis ed;F cyh]j;jp gpwF mog]gjd; \yk;

tpijfisg] gphpf;fyhk;. tpijfspd; kfNy; vf;lUf;F 300 - 400 fp. tiu

fpilf;Fk;. khdhthhpapy; 600 - 700 fp. kw;Wk; ,witapy; 1500 - 2000 fp.

cyh]e;j ,iyfisg] bgwyhk;.

cyuitj;jy;

mWtil bra;ag]gl;l ,iyfis Rj;jkhd jiuapy; Nhpa xspapy; 6-10

kzp neuk; fha itf;f ntz;Lk;. mjd; gpd;g[ 3-5 ehl;fSf;F ey;y

fhw;nwhl;lk; cs;s miwapy; epHypy; fha itf]f ntz;Lk;. ,sk; gr]ir

Kjy; k";rs; epw ,iyfs; re;ijapy; ey;y tuntw;g[ bgWfpd;wd.

juk; gphpj;jy;

,sk; gr]ir kw;Wk; k";rs; epw bghpa ,iyfSk; bghpa fha;fSk; Kjy;

juj;jpy; tpiy nghFk;. ,uz;lhk; ju ,iyfSk;/ fha;fSk; gGg]g[ epwj;jpy;

fhzg]gLk;. filrp juj;jpy; rpwpa kw;Wk; cile;j ,iyfSk;/ fha;fSk;

Vw;Wf; bfhs;sg]gLk;. bghJthf Kw;wpa ,iyfspy; 2-2.5 rjtPjKk;/

fha]fspy; 2.5-3 rjtPjj;jpy; brd;ndhirl;!; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gJ

eph]zapf;fg]gl;l msthFk;.

nrkpg]g[k;/ tpw;gida[k;

mWtilahd fha;fisa[k]/ fhaitf;fg]gl;l ,iyfisa[k;/

Fiwthd btg]g kw;Wk; <ug]gjk; cs;s Rj;jkhd ,lj;jpy; nrkpf;f ntz;Lk;.

jputrf;jp ,ae;jpuk; \yk; mGj;jk; bfhLj;J ed;F mGj;jp fl]Ltjd; \yk;

ntW ,l';fSf;F vLj;J bry;tJ ,yFthft[k; mjpf ,lj;ij milg]gJk;

jtph]f;fg]gLk;. nrkpg]g[f; fpl';Ffspy; itg]gjd; \yk; ,jpy; brd;ndhirl;!;

mst[ Fiwa kpff; Fiwe;j msnt tha;g]g[fs; cz;L. ,iyfs; +.10-15f;F

tpw;gid bra;ag]gLfpd;wd.

,yhgk;

xU vf;lUf;F Fiwe;jgl;rk; +. 5000 Kjy] +. 7000 tiu epfu ,yhgj;ij

,g]gaphpd; \yk; khdhthhpapy; tptrhapfs; bgwyhk;. ,j;jifa/ Fiwe;j

brytpy; gaphplf;Toa/ Vw;Wkjp Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j/ kUj;Jtg]gapuhd epy

Mthiuia gaphpLtjd; \yk; ntshz; bgUkf;fs; ey;y ,yhgk; bgwyhk;.


9kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

nfhnfh rhFgo bjhHpy;El;g';fs;

rp. ,uh$khzpf;fk;/ bg. mUzh kw;Wk; n$. gpnuk; n$h!;th

njhl;lf;fiyf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r]rp epiyak]

bghpaFsk; - 625 604

bjhiyngrp vz; : 04546 - 231726

bjd; mbkhpf;fhtpy; cs;s mnkrhd; Mw;W epyg]gFjpfis jhafkhf

bfhz;l nfhnfh/ jpnahgpnuhkh nfhnfh vd;w jhtutpay; bgauhy;

miHf;fg]gLfpwJ. ,J !;blh]Fnyrp vd;w jhtutpay; FLk;gj;ij

rhh]e;jjhFk;. nfhnfh ,e;jpahtpy; nfush/ fh]ehlfh/ Me;jpuh kw;Wk;

jkpHfj;jpy; gaph] bra;ag]gLfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpy; nfhnfh Rkhh] 5800 Vf;fh]

gug]gstpy; gaph] bra;ag]gl;L Rkhh] 8400 bk. ld;fs; cw;gj;jp bra;ag]gLfpwJ.

nfush cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; epyg]gug]gpYk; Kjyplk; tfpf;fpwJ. nfushtpy;

kl;Lk; nfhnfh 80 rjtPjk; cw;gj;jp bra;ag]gLfpwJ. cyfpy; nfhnfh fhdh/

gpnurpy;/ ie$Phpah/ fhk+d;/ blhkpdpf;fd; FoauR/ bkf;rpnfh/ <f;Fntlhh]/

ePa{fpdpah/ ,e;njhndrpah kw;Wk; knyrpahtpy; mjpf mstpy; gaph]

bra;ag]gLfpwJ. jkpHfj;jpy; nfhit/ fd;dpahFkhp/ <nuhL kw;Wk;

jpz;Lf;fy; gFjpfspy; gaph]bra;ag]gLfpwJ. nkYk; jkpH;ehl;oy; nfhnfh

Rkhh] 2100 Vf;fh] mstpy; gaph] bra;ag]gl;L 50 ld;fs; cw;gj;jp bra;ag]gLfpwJ.

gad;fs;

nfhnfhtpypUe;J bgwg]gLk; \yg]bghUl;fs; rhf;nyl;/ nff;/ I!;fphPk;

kw;Wk; Cl;lr]rj;Jg] ghd';fspy; gad;gLj;jg]gLfpd;wd. Kf my';fhug]

bghUl;fspYk; ,jd; gad;ghL mjpfhpj;J tUfpwJ.

gpw gad;fs;

nfhnfh bjd;idf;Fk;/ ghf;F kuj;jpw;Fk; Vw;w rpwe;j CLgapuhFk;.

,J kz;zpd; <ug]gjj;ij ghJfhf;fpwJ. kz; mhpg]igj; jLf;fpwJ.

fisfis fl;Lg]gLj;JfpwJ. nkYk; kz;zpy; m';ff rj;ijf] Tl;LfpwJ.

tsh] ,ay;g[

nfhnfh kuk; 10 tUl';fspy; 5 Kjy; 7 kPl;lh] cauk; tiu tsuf;ToaJ.

eLj;jz;oypUe;J fpisfs; gf;fthl;oy; tsUk;. ,it n$hh]f;fl; my;yJ

tprpwp fpisfs; vdg]gLk;. ,tw;wpd; mog]ghfj;jpy; eLj;jz;oypUe;nj

nky;nehf;fp vGk; fpisfSf;F Rghd; vd;W bgah]. ,it rpwpJ J}uj;jpy;


10kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

kPz;Lk; fpisf;Fk;. g {' ;bfhj;Jf;fs; mokuk; kw;Wk; Kjph ]e ;j

fpisfspypUe;Jk; neuoahf btsptUk;.

fhyepiy kw;Wk; kz;tsk;

tUlk; KGtJk; ruhrhpahf Rkhh] 125 br.kP. kiHast[/ 24 ofphp

bry;rpa!; btg]gepiy kw;Wk; 80-85 rjk; fhw;wpd; <ug;gjk; Mfpait nfhnfh

rhFgof;F kpft[k; cfe;jit. fly; kl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J Rkhh] 1200 kPl;lh]

cauk; tiu ed;F tsuf;ToaJ. ku';fspd; mUfhikapy; cs;s jl;gbtg]g

epiy kpft[k; Kf;fpakhdJ. kuj;jpd; mUfpy; cs;s kz; Fsph]e;Jk; kw;Wk;

kz;/ fhw;W Mfpatw;wpd; <ug]gjk; mjpfkhft[k;/ ey;y fhw;nwhl;lk;

cs;sjhft[k; ,Uj;jy; mtrpak;. bghpa fhl;L ku';fspd; epHy;fspy;

,j;jifa jl;gbtg]gepiy mikfpwJ. kz;zpy; m';ffrj;J mjpfk; ,Uf;f

ntz;Lk;. ,ijj;jtpu/ kz;zpy; rhk;gy; rj;J nfhnfh gaphpl kpft[k;

Vw;wjhFk;. kz;zpd; fhu mkpyj;jd;ik 5.5 Kjy; 7.0 tiu ,Uj;jy;

mtrpak;. vdnt bjd;id kuj;njhg]g[ kw;Wk; ghf;F ku';fspy; CLgapuhf

nfhnfh ed;F tsUk;. m';ffj;jd;ik Fiwthd kw;Wk; kzw;gh';fhd

epyk; nfhnfh rhFgof;F Vw;wjy;y.

nfhnfh tiffs;

nfhnfhtpy; \d;W Kf;fpa tiffs; cs;sd. mit/

1. fpiuay;nyh nfhnfh

2. ghu!;onuh nfhnfh

3. ohpdplhhpnah nfhnfh

1. fpiuay;nyh nfhnfh

fha;fspd; nkw;gug]gpy; ePsthf;fpy; 10 nfhLfs; fhzg]gLk;. Edpg]gFjp

Th]ikahft[k;/ bky;ypajhft[k;/ btl;Ltjw;F vspjhft[k; ,Uf;Fk;.

tpijfs; gUj;Jk;/ FWf;F btl;Lj; njhw;wj;jpy; tl;lkhft[k; fhzg]gLk;.

tpijfs; bts;is epwj;jpypUe;J ,sk; Cjh epwj;jpy; fhzg]gLk;. tpijfs;

vspjpy; behjpf;ff;Toait. kuj;jpd; ruhrhp kfNy; Fiwt[. vdpDk;

,jpypUe;J jahhpf;fg]gLk; ghdk; kpf cah]e;j jukhff; fUjg]gLfpwJ.

2. ghu!;onuh nfhnfh

,J cyfpy; tpahghu hPjpapy; mjpfgug]gpy; gapuhFk; nfhnfh tif.

fha;fs; Kw;wpg ]gUj;j gpd;g[ k";rs; epwkhf khWk;. nky;gug]g[ nkL


11kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

gs;s';fspd;wp rkkhff; fhzg]gLk;. Edp Th]ikahft[k;/ bkhl;ilahft[k;

fhzg]gLk;. fha;fspd; njhy; fodkhdjhft[k;/ btl;Ltjw;F rpwpJ

fodkhdjhft[k; ,Uf;Fk;. tpijfs; jl;ilahft[k;/ fU Cjh my;yJ fUik

epwj;JlDk; fhzg]gLk;. fpiuay;nyh nfhnfhitf; fhl;oYk; ,jd; juk;

Fiwt[. ,e;j tif ku';fs; ey;y jplkhd tsh]r]rpa[lDk; kw;Wk; neha;

mjpfkhf jhf;fhjitahft[k; fhzg]gLk;.

3. ohpdplhhpnah nfhnfh

ghu!;onuh kw;Wk; fpiuay;nyhtpy; ,ilg]gl;l tif nfhnfhthFk;.

,jd; fha]fspd; nkw;gFjp bts;is/ gr]ir kw;Wk; rpfg]g[ epwkhft[k;/ nkYk;

,jd; nkw;gug]g[ nkL gs;skhft[k; kw;Wk; gsgsg]ghft[k; fhzg]gLk;.

tpijfs; gUj;Jk;/ ,jpypUe;J Kisf;Fk; brofs; bts;is kw;Wk; fUg]g[

epwkhft[k; fhzg]gLk;. ,e;j tif nfhnfh fpiuay;nyh tifiaf] fhl;oYk;

mjpf kfNy; juty;yJ.

,uf';fs;

rp.rp.Mh;.gp.1

,e;j ,ufk; nfush ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfj;jpy; ,Ue;J

btspaplg]gl;ljhFk;. ,e;j ,ufk; th!;Fyhh] fUfy; nehiaj; jh';fp tsUk;

jd;ik bfhz;ljhFk;. ,jd; fha;fs; rpwpJ gUkdhft[k; gr]ir epwj;JlDk;

nkYk; fha;fs; gGf;Fk;nghJ k";rs; epwkhft[k; khWk;. xU fhapd; vil

Rkhh] 385 fpuhk; MFk;.

rp.rp.Mh].gp.4


btspaplg]gl;lJ. ,e;j ,ufk; th!;Fyhh] fUfy; neha; vjph]g]g[j; jd;ik

bfhz;lJ. ,jd; fha;fs; gUkdhft[k; M';fh';nf fha;fspd; nky; njhypy;

gGg]g[ epwKk; fhzg]gLk;. fha;fs; gGf;Fk;nghJ k";rs; epwkhf khWk;.

fha;fspd; Edp Th]ikahff] fhzg]gLk;. ruhrhpahf xU kuj;jpw;F 60 fha;fs;

kfNyhf xU tUlj;jpw;Fg] bgwyhk;.

rp.rp.Mh].gp.5

,e;j ,ufKk; nfush ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfj;jpy; ,Ue;J

btspaplg]gl;lJ. ,Jt[k; th!;Fyhh] fUfy; neha;f;F vjph]g]g[j;jd;ik

bfhz;l ,ufk; MFk;. fha;fs; gUkdhft[k;/ ePs;totpYk; fhzg]gLk;.


12kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

fha;fs; gr;irahft[k;/ gGf;Fk;nghJ k";rshft[k; khWk;. 405 fpuhk; xU

fhapd; vilahft[k; ruhrhpahf xUkuj;jpy; ,Ue;J tUlj;jpw;F 55 fha;fs;

fpilf;Fk;.

rp.rp.Mh].gp. 6

,e;j ,ufk; nfush ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf] fHfj;jpy; ,Ue;J

btspaplg]gl;lJ. ,e;j ,ufKk; th!:Fyhh] fUfy; neha;f;F vjph]g]g[j;jd;ik

bfhz;lJ. ,jd; fha;fs; kpft[k; bghpajhft[k;/ ,jd; nky; njhy;

fodkhft[k;/ ePs;tl;ltotpYk;/ Edp Th]ikahft[k; fhzg]gLk;. nkYk;

fha;fs; gr]ir epwj;jpYk; ,J gGf;Fk;nghJ k";rshft[k; khWk;. xU fhapd;

vil ruhrhpahf 895 fpuhkhft[k;/ xU kuj;jpy; ,Ue;J ruhrhpahf 50

fha;fisa[k; xU tUlj;jpw;F mWtil bra;ayhk;.

rp.rp.Mh].gp.7


btspaplg]gl;lJ. nkYk; th!;Fyhh] fUfy; neha;f;F vjph]g]g[j;jd;ik

bfhz;ljhFk;. ,jd; fha;fs; gUkdhft[k;/ ePskhft[k;/ gr]irahft[k;/

gGf;Fk;nghJ k";rshf khWk; jd;ika[k; bfhz;lJ. fha;fspd; Edp

Th]ikahft[k; mog]gFjp jl;ilahft[k; fhzg]gLk;. ,jd; fha;fs; 526 fpuhk;

vil cilajhft[k; xU tUlj;jpw;F xU kuj;jpy; ,Ue;J Rkhh] 78 fha;fs;

tiu mWtilbra;ayhk;.

,dg] bgUf;fk;

nfhnfhit tpijfs; \yKk;/ tpijapy;yhg] bgUf;fKiw \yKk;

,dg]bgUf;fk; bra;ayhk;.

tpijneh]j;jp kw;Wk; tpij ,dg]bgUf;fk;

nfhnfh tpijfs; tpiuthf Kisg]g[j; jpwid ,Hf;Fk; jd;ik

bfhz;lJ. vdnt tpijfis fha;fspy; ,Ue;J gphpj;bjLj;j clnd

elt[f;Fg] gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. tpijfis fha;fspypUe;J gphpj;bjLf;fhky;

fha;fis fhpj;J}Sld; fye;J ghypj;jPd; igfspy; ,l;L fhw;Wg]g[fhky;

ghJfhf;f ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW bra;tjhy; Ie;J thu';fs; tiu tpijfspd;

Kisg]g[j; jpwid ghJfhf;f Koa[k;.

tpijapy;yh ,dg]bgUf;fk;

nfhnfhit bkhl;L bro/ nth] Jz;L Fr]rpfs; kw;Wk; xl;Lr] brofs;


13kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

\yk; ,dg]bgUf;fk; bra;ayhk;. nkYk; bkhl;L xl;L brofs; ekJ ehl;oy;

gutyhfg] gaphpl gad;gLj;jg]gLfpwJ. ,jd; jz;Lf;Fr]rpfs; gGg]g[

epwj;jpYk; kw;Wk; ,iyfs; jokdhft[k; ,Uj;jy; mtrpak;. nth] brofspy;

moapy; ,Ue;J 30 br.kP. nky; cs;s jz;Lfis btl;otplntz;Lk;. nkYk;

jz;L Fr]rpapy; ,Ue;J bkhl;Lf;fis rJutotpy; btl;o vLj;J ,jid nth]

broapy; mnj mst[ ghfj;ij btl;o vLj;j gFjpapy; xl;otpl ntz;Lk;.

,jid ghypj;jPd; Jz;Lfisf] bfhz;L ed;whf fl;otpl ntz;Lk;. 30

ehl;fs; fHpj;J bkhl;Lf;fs; ed;whf nth]brofnshL xl;otpLk;. nkYk;

6 khj';fs; fHpj ;J ,e;j brofis elt[f ;Fg ] gad;gLj;jyhk; . g {

gpoj;jjpypUe;J Rkhh] 150 - 170 ehl;fspy; fha;fs; Kjph]e;J nkYk; 25 ehl;fspy;

gHkhFk;.

elt[

nfhnfh bro eLtjw;F Kd;g[ mjw;F epHy; jUk; ku';fis tsh]g]gJ

mtrpak;. ,aw;ifahd fhLfspy; 3.3 kPl;lh] ,ilbtspapy; 45 br.kP. ePs/

mfy/ MH FHpfs; njhz;lg]gl;L xU ghypj;jPd; my;yJ \';fpy; Tilfspy;

ghJfhf;fg]gl;L tUk; nfhnfh broia kz; fiyahky; btspapy; vLj;J

FHpfspy; el ntz;Lk;. bjd;de;njhg]g[fs; kw;Wk; ghf;F ku';fspy;

CLgapuhf nfhnfh eLk;nghJ 3 x 3 kP my;yJ 4 x 4 kP ,ilbtspapy; nfhnfh

elt[ bra;a ntz;Lk;. ,t;thwhf bjd;idapy; CLgaph] bra;a[k;nghJ 68

Kjy; 115 rjk; tiu kfNy; mjpfhpf;Fk;. nkYk; njhl;l';fspy; tptrhapfs;

TLjy; ,yhgk; bgwyhk;. fPH;gHdp kiyg]gFjpapy; fhg]gpj; njhl;l';fspy;

CLgapuhf nfhnfhit 4kP x 4 kP ,ilbtspapy; gaph] bra;J tptrhapfs;

mjpf ,yhgk; bgWfpd;wdh].

gpd;bra; neh]j;jp

cukpLjy;

eLk;nghJ xU FHpf;F jiH/ kzp kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;J xt;bthd;Wk;

10:10:10 fpnyh vd;w mstpYk; 10-15 fpnyh bjhG cuk; kw;Wk; nky; kz;qk;

fye;J ,lntz;Lk;. ed;F fha;f;Fk; ku';fSf;F kuk; xd;Wf;F jiH/ kzp

kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;Jf;fis Kiwna 100:40:100 fpuhk; vd;w tpfpjj;jpy;

,lntz;Lk;. kz;zpy; m';ffr]rj;ij mjpfhpf;f/ fk;ngh!:l; my;yJ

gRe;jhs; cuj;ij mof;fo ,lntz;Lk;. $%d; - $îy khj';fspy; ed;F

fha;f;ff;Toa ku';fSf;F kuj;jpypUe;J ,uz;L mo js;sp ,e;j cu';fis

,l;L nknyhL fyf;f ntz;Lk;. epyj;ij mjpfkhf fpswp tpLjy; TlhJ.


14kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

fthj;J bra;jy;

fd;W rpwpjhf ,Uf;Fk; nghJ FUj;Jf;fis fps;sp tpl;L kuj;jpw;F xU

totk; cUthf;fntz;Lk;. tPhpa kw;Wk; neha; jhf;fg]gl;l fpisfisa[k;

ePf;fp tpl ntz;Lk;. gyh kuj;ijg] nghd;W nfhnfh gaphpd; g{f;fs; mokuj;jpd;

gl;ilapYk; kw;Wk; bghpa fpisfspd; gl;ilapYk; cUthFtjhy; jplkhd/

neha; ghjpf;fhj gl;ilg]gug]ig cUthf;FtJ kpft[k; mtrpak;.

gaph] ghJfhg]g[

g{r]rpfs; kw;Wk; nkyhz;ik

1. njapiyf; bfhR

mwpFwpfs;

,g]g{r]rp ,sk; FUj;J/ g{/ bkhl;L kw;Wk; ,sk; fha;fisj;jhf;Fk;.

nkYk; FUj;ijj; Jisj;J rhw;iw cwp";Rk;. ehsiltpy; ,jdhy;

jhf;fg]gl;l FUj;Jf;fs; fha;e;J tpLk;. g{ kw;Wk; bkhl;Lf;fspy; jhf;Fjy;

Vw;gLj;Jk; nghJ jhf;fg]gl;l bkhl;Lf;fs; cjph]e;JtpLk;. ,sk; fha;fspy;

Jisapl;L rhw;iw cwp";Rtjhy; Jisaplg]gl;l gFjpf;F mUfpy; tl;l

totpy; fUik epwj; jpl;Lf;fs; fhzg]gLk;. JisapypUe;J gGg]g[ epwr] rhW

toe;J bfhz;oUf;Fk;.

nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;

� nfhnfh taYf;F mUfpy; Ke;jphp/ ntk;g[/ bfha;ah/ jpuhl;ir gaphplhky;

jtph]g]gjhy; ,g]g{r]rpfs; guthky; jLf;fyhk;.

� cjph]e;jbkhl;Lf;fs; kw;Wk; ,sk; fha;fis nrfhpj;J mHpf;f ntz;Lk;.

� ,sk; jsph] gUtj;jpy; nkhndhFnuhl;nlhgh!; 1.5 kp.ypl;liu xU ypl;lh]

jz;zPhpy; fye;J bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

� g{ g{f;Fk; gUtj;jpy; ilkPj;njhnal; 1.5 kp.yp. xU ypl;lh] jz;zPhpy; fye;J

mj;Jld; 30 fpuhk; a{hpahitf; fye;J bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

� ,sk; fha]g]gUtj;jpy; 2 fpuhk; fhh]ghpy; 50 rjk; eida[k; J}Sld; 30 fpuhk;

a{hpahitr] nrh]j;J bjspj;Jk; ,g]g{r]rpiaf; fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.

kht[g]g{r]rp

mwpFwpfs;

,g]g{r]rp nfhnfhtpy; tUlk; KGtJk; mjpf nrjj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; Toa

xd;whFk;. ,jd; jhf;Fjy; ,sk; FUj;J/ g{';bfhj;J/ ,sk; fha;fs; kw;Wk;

Kjph]e;j fha;fspYk; fhzg]gLk;. ,sk; FUj;J jhf;fg]gLk; nghJ g{f;fs;

fha;e;J cjph]e;J tpLk;. Kjph]e;j fha;fspd; nky; rpwpa btog]g[fs; fhzg]gLk;.


15kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

,g]g{r]rpapd; jhf;Fjy; $%d; - $îy kw;Wk; Mf!;l; khj';fspy; Fiwthft[k;/

Vg;uy; nk khj';fspy; mjpfkhft[k; fhzg]gLk;. mjpf btg]gKk;/ fhw;wpy;

Fiwe;j <ug]gjKk; ,g]g{r]rpapd; jhf;FjYf;F Vw;w thdpiyahFk;. ,g]g{r]rp

jhf;fg]gl;l kuj;jpy; vWk;gpd; elkhl;lk; fhzg]gLk;.

nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;

� bgd;jpahd; 0.5 kp.yp. my;yJ Fapdhy;gh!; 2 kp.yp. my;yJ vz;nlhry;ghd;

2 kp.yp. my;yJ Etf;uhd; 1 kp.yp. my;yJ ilkPj;njhnal; 2 kp.yp. my;yJ

nkhndhFnuhl;nlhgh!; 1.5 kp.ypl;liu xU ypl;lh] jz;zPhpy; fye;J bjspf;f

ntz;Lk;.

� kuk; xd;Wf;F 10 fphpg]nlhnyk!; bghwptz;Lfis tpl;Lk; ,g]g{r]rpiaf;

fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.

mRtpzp

,g]g{r]rp ,sk; ,iy/ g{';bfhj;J kw;Wk; ,s']fha;fisa[k; jhf;Fk;.

,jd; jhf;Fjy; mjpfkhFk; nghJ ,sk; ,iyfs; RU';fp/ g{ bkhl;Lf;fs;

cjph]e;J tpLk;. ,g]g{r]rpfs; Tl;lk; Tl;lkhf ,iyf;fhk;g[/ g{f;fhk;g[ kw;Wk;

,sk; fha;fspd; fhk;g[fspy; fhzg]gLk;. ,jd; jhf;Fjy; $îy kw;Wk;

$dthp tiu mjpfkhff; fhzg]gLk;. ,g]g{r]rp jhf;fpa ku';fspYk; vWk;g[

elkhl;lk; fhzg;gLk;.

nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;

� xU ypl;lh ] jz;zPhpy; ilkPj;njhnal; 1.5 kp.yp. my;yJ

nkhndhFnuhl;nlhgh!; 1 kp.yp. fye;J bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

,iyj; jpz;qk; g[G

mwpFwpfs;

,g]g{r]rpfspd; g[Gf;fs; ,sk; ,iyfisna mjpfkhfj; jpz;qk;.

nkYk; ,sk; fha;fs; kw;Wk; Kjph]e;j fha;fspd; nky; njhiyj; jpz;qk;

jpwd; bfhz;lJ. ,jd; jhf;Fjy; $%d; - $îy khj';fspy; FUj;J ,iyfspy;

mjpfkhff; fhzg]gLk;.

nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;

� xU ypl;lh] jz;zPhpy] fhh]ghpy; 2 fpuhk; my;yJ nkhndhFnuhl;nlhgh!; 1.5

kp.yp. fye;J bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

fha;j;Jisg]ghd;

mwpFwpfs;

,jd; g[Gf;fs; ,sk; bkhl;Lf;fisj; Jisg]gjhy;/ bkhl;Lfs; cjph]e;J


16kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

tpLk;. nkYk; ,sk; fha;fspy; Jisapl;L cl;gFjpiaj; jpd;W tpLk;. ,sk;

fha;fs; ,y;yhj gUtj;jpy; kug]gl;iliaj; Jisj;Jj; jpz;qk; jpwd;

bfhz;lJ.

nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;

� jhf;fg]gl;L cjph]e;j g{/ bkhl;L kw;Wk; ,sk; fha;fisr] nrfhpj;J mHpf;f

ntz;Lk;.

� nkhndhFnuhl;nlhgh!; 2 kp.yp. my;yJ fhh]ghpy; 50 rj eida[k; J}s; 2

fpuhik xU ypl;lh] jz;zPhpy; fye;J bjspj;Jf; fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.

mzpy;

mzpy; gGf;Fk; jUthapy; cs;s fha;fisnaj; jhf;Fk;. mjpfhiy

my;yJ khiy neuj;jpy; jhf;Fjiy Vw;gLj;Jk;. jhf;fg]gl;l fha;fspy;

Kl;il totpy; Jisfs; fhzg]gLk;. fha;fspd; kj;jpa gFjpapnyh my;yJ

Kidg]gFjpapnyh jhf;Fjiy cz;lhf;Fk;. 4 Kjy; 5 mzpy;fs; ,uz;L

vf;lh] Rw;wst[ tiu jhf;Fjy; Vw;gLj;Jk;.

nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;

tiyfshy; bra;ag]gl;l bgl;o bghwpia itj;J mzpy;fis fth]e;J

mHpf;fyhk;. bey;Yld; fye;J itj;J ,tw;iwf; fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.

vypfs;;

vypfs; ,sk; kw;Wk; Kjph]e;j fha;fisj; jhf;Fk;. ,ut[ neuj;jpy; ,jd;

jhf;Fjy; mjpfkhff; fhzg]gLk;. fha;fspd; fhk;g[f;F mUfpy; cs;s

gFjpapy; Jisapl;Lj; jpz;qk;. ,it tl;l totpy; Jisj;Jj; jpd;w

fha;fspd; Jisfspy; gy;ypd; jlak; fhzg]gLk;. 25-30 vypfs; 0.5 vf;lh]

Rw;wstpy; cs;s ku';fisj; jhf;Fk; jd;ik bfhz;lJ.

nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;

\d;W my;yJ ehd;F ehl;fSf;F vypfisf; ftuf;Toa czt[fis

itf;f ntz;Lk;. gpd;dh] ,e;j czt[ld; thh]ghpd; my;yJ @g[khhpd; vd;w

kUe;ijf; fye;J itj;J vypfisf; fth;e;J mHpf;fyhk;. mhprp kht[ld;

thh]ghpd; my;yJ @g[khhpd; kUe;ijf; fye;J mj;Jld; rpwpjst[ bty;yj;ijf;

fye;J itj;J vypfisf; fth]e;J mHpf;fyhk;. g[nuhnkhilayhd; vdg]gLk;

vyp kUe;J jahh] epiyapy; cgnahfpf;Fk;goahf 'K#; K#' ; kw;Wk; 'nuhghd';vd;w tzpfg] bgah]fspy; fpilf;fpwJ. ,e;j e";Rzt[f; fl;ofis itj;Jk;

vypfisf] fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;. ,t;tif tp#k; ,uj;jk; ciwtijj; jLf;fpwJ.

vdnt ,e;j e";ir cz;l vyp rpy ehl;fs; fHpj;J ,we;J tpLk;.


17kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

neha;fs; kw;Wk; nkyhz;ik

fd;W Edpf;fUfy;

mwpFwpfs;

kiHf;fhy';fspy; ,e;neha;j; jhf;Fjy; mjpfkhff] fhzg]gLk;. nehapd;

mwpFwpia ,sk; ehw;Wfspd; jz;od; Edpg]gFjp my;yJ fGj;Jg]]gFjp

mlh]gGg]g[ epwkhf khWtjpypUe;J mwpe;J bfhs;syhk;. bghJthf jz;od;

Edpg] gFjpapypUe;J fPH;nehf;fp mlh]gGg]g[ Kjy; fUik epw ePh]f;frpt[s;s

ePs tLf;fs;njhd;Wk;. ,t;tLf;fs; ,iyf;fhk;gpd; tHpahf ,iyfSf;Fk;

gutp mit cjph]e;J tpLk;. ,iyfs; cjph]tJk;/ fd;W gpd;ndhf;fpf;

fUFtJk; neha; Kw;wpa epiyapy; cz;lhFk; mwpFwpfshFk;.

nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;

� ehw;w';fhypy; rpwe;j tofhy; trjpfis bra;a ntz;Lk;.

� neha; jhf;fpa kw;Wk; ,we;j fd;Wfis mg]g[wg]gLj;jp mHpf;f ntz;Lk;.

� ehw;w';fhiy 1 rj nghh]nlhf; fyit my;yJ fhg;gh] Mf;rp FnshiuL

bfhz;L bjd;nkw;Fg] gUtkiH bjhl';Fk; Kd; eidf;f ntz;Lk;.

fUg]g[ fha; mGfy; neha;

mwpFwpfs;

,J nfhnfhitj; jhf;Fk; neha;fspy; mjpf nrjj;ij Vw;gLj;jf;Toa

bfhoa neha; MFk;. fhw;wpd; <ug]gjk; mjpfkhft[k;/ btg]gepiy Fiwe;Jk;

,Uf;Fk; kiHf;fhy';fspy; (bghJthf $%d; - brg]lk;gh]) ,e;neha;

njhd;WfpwJ. rpwpaJ Kjy; bghpaJ tiu midj;J fha;fSk; jhf;FjYf;F

cs;shfpd;wd. neha; jhf;Fjy; fhapd; VjhtJ xU gFjpapy; tl;l tot

rhf;nyl; gGg]g[ epwg]g[s;spfshfj; njhd;wp gpd;dh] tpiuthff; fha; KGtJk;

gut[fpwJ. ,t;tLf;fs; nkYk; gut[k; nghJ ,jd;nky; btz;ik epwg] g{rz

tsh]r]rpa[k; bjd;gLk;. ,Wjpapy; fhapd; KGg]gFjpapYk;/ gPd;rpYk; g{rzk;

gutp fha; KGtJk; fUg]ghf khwptpLk;. Kw;wpa fha;fspy; gPd;Rk;/ njhYk;

gphpe;J tpLtjhy; rpy neu';fspy; mit nehapdhy; ghjpf;fg]glhkypUf;f

tha;g]g[z;L. mjpf kiH bghHpa[k; fhy';fspy; epyt[k; mjpf <ug]gjKk;/

jFe;j fhyepiya[k; ,e;neha; gut cfe;jJ. nkYk; kiHj;Jspfs;/ g{r]rpfs;

kw;Wk; vypfshYk;/ ,e;neha; gut[fpwJ.

nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;

� kiHf;fhy';fspy; neha[w;w fha;fisbtl;o FHpfspy; ,;l;L kz;zhy; \l

ntz;Lk;.


18kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

� mjpf <ug]gjk; kw;Wk; Fiwe;j btg]gepiy nehiag] gug]g[k; vd;gjhy;

fd;Wfisf; Fiwe;j ,ilbtspapy; elf;TlhJ.

� rhpahd Kiwapy; fthj;J bra;J epHiyg] guhkhpf;f ntz;Lk;.

� fha;fis 1 rj nghh]nlhf; fyit my;yJ 0.2 rjk; nkd;nfhbrg] my;yJ

fhg]gh] Mf;rp FnshiuL bfhz;L gUt kiH bjhl';Fk; Kd; bjspj;Jk;

,e;nehiaf; fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.

,sk; gp";R mGfy;

mwpFwpfs;

,t;tGfy; nehapd; mwpFwpfs; Kjypy; fha;f;fhk;gpd; Edpapy; mjhtJ

fha[ld; fhk;g[ ,iza[k; ,lj;jpy; njhd;wp fhapd; Edpg]gFjp tiu k";rs;

epwj;jhy; NHg]gl;l mlh]gGg]g[ epwkhff; fhzg]gLk;. Mnuhf;fpakhd

fhk;g[fspypUe;J neha;j; jhf;fpa fhk;g[ kpft[k; RU';fp vspjpy; milahsk;

fz;L bfhs;Sk; tpjj;jpy; fhzg]gLk;. neha; Kw;Wk;nghJ fhapd; cl;gFjpj;

jpRf;fSk; ghjpf;fg]gl;L epwkhw;wk; milfpd;wd. gpd;g[ fha;fs; mlh]gGg]g[

my;yJ fUik epwkhf khwp mstpy; rpWj;J fhzg]gLk;. ,J ,sk;gp";R

thly; nehapd; mwpFwpiag] nghd;W njhw;wkspf;Fk;. gaph] tpidapayhy;

cz;lhFk; ,t;thly; nehapd; jhf;Fjyhy; ,sk;gp";Rfs; k";rs;

epwkile;J gpd;dh] gGg]g[ epwtLf;fs; ,jpy; njhd;Wtjpy;iy. nfhnfh

njhl;l';fspy; midj;J gUtf; fha;fSk; ,Uf;ff;Toa $dthp - nk

khj';fs; mGfy; neha; njhd;Wk; Kf;fpa gUtkhFk;.

nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;

� fhh]bgz;lhrpk; 0.05 rjk; my;yJ nkd;nfhbrg] 0.2 rjk; bjspj;J ,e;nehiaf;

fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.

fUk;gly neha; mGfy;

mwpFwpfs;

Mz;L KGtJk; ,e ;neha;j ; jhf ;Fjy; fhzg]gl ;lhYk;

nfhilf;fhy';fspy; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. midj;J gUtf; fha;fSk; neha;j;

jhf;FjYf;F cs;shfpd;wd. ,e;neha; vypfs; kw;Wk; gpw g{r]rp neha;j;

jhf;Fjyhy; cz;lhd fha';fspd; \yk; Vw;gLfpwJ. nehapd; mwpFwpfs;

fhapd; nky; mlh]gGg]g[ my;yJ fUik epwg]g[s;spfshfj; njhd;wp kpf

tpiuthfg] gut[k;. ,jdhy; fha;fs; fUik epwkile;J/ mstpy; rpWj;J

fhzg]gLk;. ,t;thW jhf;fg]gl;l fha;fspy; g{rzk; fUik epwj; Jfs;fshff;

fhzg]gLk] . jhf ;Fjy; fhapd; cl;gFjpf ;Fk; gutp g Pd ;!; fUik

epwkilfpwJ.


19kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;

� 1 rj nghh]nlhf; fyit bjspf;f ntz;Lk;

� neha;f; fhuzpg] g{rzk; Vw;bfdnt cz;lhd fha';fs; \ynk jhf;Fjiy

cz;lhf;Fk; vd;gjhy; vyp kw;Wk; gpw g{r]rp neha;j; jhf;Fjy; Vw;glhky;

ghh]j;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.

brhwp neha;

mwpFwpfs;

bjd;nkw;Fg] gUtkiH Koe;j gpd; ork;gh] - gpg]uthp khj';fspy;

,e;neha; njhd;Wk;. ePh]f;frpt[s;s btspg]g[w tLf;fs; jz;Lg]gFjpapd;

btspg]g[wg] gl;ilapYk;/ fpisfspYk; ePs;tl;l my;yJ tl;ltotpy; rhk;gy;

epwk; fye;j gGg]g[ my;yJ mlh] gGg]g[ epwj;jpy; njhd;Wfpd;wd.

xUtpj brk;gGg]g[ epwj;jputk; mt;tLf;fspypUe;J toe;J gpd;dh]

fha;e;J fhzg]gLk;. brhwpneha; jz;Lg]gFjp my;yJ fpisfisr] Rw;wp

gut[k;nghJ kuj;jpYs;s fha;fs; thotpLk;. ,iyfs; epwk; khwp cjph]e;J

tpLk;. ,t;thW fpisfs; gpd;ndhf;fpf; fUfp ,Wjpapy; KG kuKk; fha;e;J

tpLk;. bghJthf ,e;nehia mjd; ,Wjpf; fl;lj;jpy; jhd; ,dk; fhz

KofpwJ.

nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;

� nehapd; Muk;g epiyapnyna neha; jhf;fpa gFjpia btl;otpl;L mjpy;

nghh]nlhg]gir my;yJ jhkpu g{rzf; bfhy;ypiaj; jltp ,e;nehiaf;

fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.

,s";rptg]g[ neha;

mwpFwpfs;

,e;neha; <ug]gjk; kpFe;j gFjpfspy; mjpfj; jhf;Fjiy Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.

kuj;jpd; gpujhd fpisfs; ghjpf;fg]gLk;nghJ mjpf nrjk; cz;lhfpwJ.

jz;od; nky; ,s";rptg]g[ epw kht[g] g{r]rp njhd;WtJ ,jd; mwpFwpahFk;.

,jd; jhf;Fjypdhy; kuk; tho/ ,iyfs; cjph]e;J ,Wjpapy; fpisfs;

fha;e;J tpLk;.

nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;

� njhl;l';fspy; cs;s mjpfg]goahd epHiyf; Fiwf;f ntz;Lk;.


20kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

� fthj;J bra;J fhw]nwhl;l trjpbra;a ntz;Lk;.

� fthj;J bra;a neha; jhf;fpa fpisfis btl;o tpl;L mt;tplj;jpy;

nghh]nlhg]giria jlt ntz;Lk;.

� kiHf;fhyj;jpy; xU rj nghh]nlhf; fyitiaj; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

th!;Fyhh] fUfy;

mwpFwpfs;

,e;nehapd; Muk;g mwpFwp xU rpW gf;ff] fpisapd; ,U ,iyfSf;F

kj;jpapYs;s xw;iw ,iy k";rs; epwkiltJ MFk;. ,J rpW fpisapd;

EdpapypUe;J ,uz;lhtJ my;yJ \d;whtJ ,iyahf ,Uf;Fk;. ,t;thW

k";rs; epwkile;j ,iyapd; euk;g[fs; gr]irahfnt ,Uf;Fk;. nkYk;

mf;fpisapy; cs;s Kjph]e;j ,iyfs; cjpUk; Kd;ng ,e;j ,iy

cjph]e;JtpLk;. gpd;dh] ,e;j ,iyf;F nkYk; fPGk; cs;s ,iyfs; mnj

tifahd mwpFwpfis Vw;gLj;jp cjph]e;JtpLk;. ,jdhy; xU fpisapy;

Kjph]e;j kw;Wk; ,sk; ,iyfs; moapYk; EdpapYk; ,Uf;Fk;nghJ

,ilapYs;s ,iyfs; kl;Lk; cjph]e;J tpj;jpahrkhd njhw;wk; cz;lhFk;.

,Wjpapy; fpisfs; gpd;ndhf;fpf; fUFk;.

nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;

� neha; jhf;fpa fpisfisg] gpse;J ghh]j;J gGg]g[ epwf; nfhLfs; njhd;Wk;

,lj;jpw;Ff; fPnH 30 br.kP. ePsk; tiu fthj;J bra;a ntz;Lk;.

� 1 rj nghh]nlhf; fyitiaj] bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

fha;g]g[ kw;Wk; mWtil

nfhnfh el;L 5 tUlj;jpy; fha;f;f Muk;gpj;jhYk; 6k; tUlj;jpw;Fg] gpwF

jhd; mjpf gyd; fpilf;Fk;. jkpH;ehl;oy; nkw;F bjhlh]r]rp kiyapd;

mothuj;jpy; etk;gh] - ork;gh] khj';fspy; mWtil bra;ag]gLfpwJ. ed;F

Kw;wp gGj;j fha;fs; k";rs; my;yJ Mu";R epwkhf khwpat[ld; fj;jp

bfhz;L mWj;J vLf;f ntz;Lk;. mWtil bra;a[k;nghJ gl;ilghfk; chpe;J

te;jhy; mLj;j tUlk; g{ gpof;fhJ.

kfNy;

nfhnfh 8k; tUlj;jpy; 1 kuj;jpw;F ruhrhpahf 75 -80 fha;fs; gpof;Fk;. 20

tUl taJf;F nky; xt;bthU kuKk; 150- 200 fha;fs; gpof;Fk;. xU vf;lUf;F

500 - 1000 fpnyh kfNy; fpilf;Fk;.


21kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

khdhthhpf; fhpry; rhFgoapy; twl;rpiaj; jh';f

nkw;bfhs;s ntz;oa bjhHpy; Eqf;f';fs;

,uh. mKjh/ R. Kj;Jbyl;Rkp kw;Wk; ,uh. Jiu rp';

kz;ly Muha;r]rp epiyak;/ mUg;g[f;nfhl;il – 626 107bjhiyngrp vz; : 04566 - 220562

khdhthhp ntshz;ikapy; gaph] tpisr;ry; rPuhd kiHiag; bghUj;nj

mikfpwJ. gaphpd; VjhtJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l tsh]r]rpg] gUtj;jpy; kiH kpf

mjpfkhfnth my;yJ Fiwthfnth ,Ue;jhy;/ gaphpd; tsh;r]rpg; gUtk;

ghjpf ;fg ;gLfpwJ. ,t;tifapy; xU gaphpd; g{f ;Fk; gUtk; kpft[k ;

Kf;fpakhdJ. ,g;gUtj;jpy; Vw;gLk; kpjkp";rpa twl;rpa[k; my;yJ

mjpfg]goahd kiHa[k; kfNypy; mjpf ghjpg]g[ Vw;gLj;Jk;.

khdhthhpf; fhpry; epy';fisg; bghUj;jtiu nkL gs;s';fshft[k;

Xil cilg]g[fshft[k;/ kiHahy; nky; kz; fiue;J rj;Jf;fs; Fiwthd

epy';fshft[k; ,Uf;fpd;wd. jhH;thd ,l';fspy; ePh] nj';Ftjhy; cg;g[r]

rj;Jf;fs; mjpfhpj;J fsh;-cth; jd;ikfSld; ,Uf;Fk;. ku';fs;

Fiwthft[k;/ g[y; g{z;Lfis ML khLfs; nka;e;J tpLtjhYk; kz;zpy;

,iy kf;F ,y;yhky; ,Uf;Fk;. ,jdhy; fhprypy; bga;a[k; kiHePh;

bgUk;ghYk; epyj;jpy; j';fhky; btspnawp tpLfpwJ.

kz; <uk; Mtpahtijj; jLf;f epyg;nghh;it mikj;jy;

khdhthhpf; fhprypy; ePuhtpg] nghf;F 700 kp.kP. mst[f;F nky;

,Ug]gjhff; fzf;fplg ;gl ;Ls;sJ. vdnt/ epyj;jpYs;s <ug ;gjk;

Mtpahtijj; jLf;f ghypj;jPd; tphpg]g[f] fl;ilfs; kw;Wk; fha;e;j ,iyr;

rUFfs; nghd;wtw;why; epyg]gug]ig \o/ <ug]gjk; fha;tijj; jLf;fyhk;.

,e;j khdhthhp epy';fspy; mjpfkhd c#;zk; kw;Wk; fhw;wpd; mjpf ntfk;

fhuzkhf kz;zpypUe;Jk; kw;Wk; gaphpypUe;Jk; ePuhtpg; nghf;F

mjpfkhfpwJ. gaph; kw;Wk; kz;zpypUe;J ePuhtpg; nghf;F mjpfkhtjhy;/

gaphpd; Kf;fpa tsh;r;rp gUtj;jpy; kz; <uk; ,d;wp tsh]r]rp Fd;wp kfNy;

ghjpf;f VJthfpwJ. Mfnt kz;zpypUe;J ePh] Mtpahtij khdhthhpf;

fhprypy; jLj;J epWj;Jk; Kiwfs; gw;wp ,e;j fl;Liuapy; bjhpe;J

bfhs;syhk;. bjd;id ehh;f; fHpt[fs; Fiwe;j tpiyapnyh my;yJ

,ytrkhfnth fpilf;fpwJ. bjd;id ehh]f;fHpt[ jdJ viliag] nghy; Ie;J

kl';F ePiu <h]j;J itj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; jd;ika[s;sjhy; kiHf;fhyj;jpy;

ePiu <h]j;J/ tsh]r]rpapy; epyj;jpw;Fj; njitahd <ug]gjk; mspg]gjhy; kpfr]

rpwe;j epyg]nghh]itahf ,ijg] gad;gLj;jyhk;. ,jdhy; m';ff cu';fs;

kz;zpy; nrh]tJld; fisfisa[k; fl;Lg]gLj;JfpwJ.

brofspy; ePuhtpg; nghf;iff; fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;

brofs; j';fspd; ,iyfspd; ,Ug[w';fspYk; cs;s ,iyj;

Jisfspd; tHpna ePuhtpg; nghf;F Vw;gLj;Jk;. mt;tifapy; brofspd;


22kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

<uj;jd;ik ,Hg]g[ twl;rp fhy';fspYk; Vw;gl;lhy; brofs; thl;lKw;W

koe;Jtplyhk;. ePuhtpg; nghf;Ff;F Vw;w mstpy; nth;fs; \yk; ePh]rj;ij

g{kpapypUe;J bgw ,ayhj epiyapy; ,uz;L rj fnahypd; fiuriy

,iyfspd; nky; g{f;Fk; gUtj;jpYk;/ fha; gpof;Fk; gUtj;jpYk; bjspg]gjhy;

gapiu twl;rpapypUe;J kPl;ft[k;/ tpisr;riy cah]j;jt[k; cjt[k;.

nkYk; ,iytHpahf Cl;lr;rj;J bjspj;Jk; ePh ] Mtpahtijj;

jLf;fyhk;. ,jw;F bghl;lhrpak; iel;nul; xU rj fiuriy gaphpd; tsh;r;rpg;

gUtj;jpy; bjspg;gjhy; brofSf;F Fiwe;j brytpy; Cl;lr;rj;J

fpilg;gJld; twl;rpiaj; jh';Fk; jd;ikiaa[k; jUfpwJ.

Edpf;fps;Sjy;

gUtj;jpy; mjpf tsh;r;rpiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;jp tPzhFk; rj;Jf;fis

fha;fSf;F fpilf;FkhW bra;a ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F ,uf';fspd; tsh;r;rpiag]

bghUj;J 75 Kjy; 90 ehl;fSf;Fs; 15 fqf;fSf;F nky; cs;s Edpia

fps;sptpl ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; fha;fspd; vil mjpfhpg]gJld;/ xnu rkaj;jpy;

fha;fs; btof;Fk;.

1. mfy cGtij tpl MH cG

2. XUHt[ cGjhy; vUg]nghl ntz;lhk;

3. fy;Y gpush fhl;il cG brhy;Y gpush kdpjdplk; ngR

4. MW ehs; E}WHt[ cGjypYk; E}W ehs; MWHt[ nky;

5. gR cuj;jpYk; gHk;g[Gjp ed;W

6. Mw;Wg]g[Gjp <uk; fhf;Fk;

7. fhlwpahjhd; fy;yh fhl;il cG

8. cGjtd; fhl;ilg]ghh] nka;j;jtd; khl;ilg]ghh]

9. cGfpw fhyj ;j py ; Ch ] Rw ;w pt pl ;L mWf ;f pw fhyj ;j py ; mh pths ;

vLj;Jg]nghdhdhk;

10. cGfpw ehspy; Ciutpl;Lg] nghdhy; mWf;fpw ehspy; Ms;njl ntz;lhk;

11. ij cHnth bea; cHnth

12. rpj;jpiu khj g[Gjp gj;jiu khj;Jj; j';fk;

13. e";irf;F XUHt[ g[";irf;F ehYHt[

14. bfhs;Sf;F XUHt[ vs;Sf;F <UHt[

15. Vuw;Wg]nghdhy; rPuw;Wg] nghFk;

16. Vuw;wtd; ,ug]ghsp

cHt[ gHbkhHpfs;

��

bjhFg]g[ : Kidth] F. fjpnurd;/

gUj;jp Muha;r]rp epiyak;/ntg]ge;jl;il - 621 116


23kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

rkr]rPh] cukpLtPh]* k";rs; kfNiy mjpfhpg]gPh]*

Kidth] bgh. $hdfp/ Kidth] vk;.nf. fyhuhzp

kw;Wk; Kidth] J.uh$h

ntshz;ik mwptpay; epiyak;

re;jpa{h] - 636 203/ nryk; khtl;lk;

bjhiyngrp vz; : 0427 - 2422550

kUj;Jt Fzk; kpf;f k";rs; cw;gj;jpapy; ,e;jpah cyf ehLfspnyna

Kjyplj;jpy; cs;sJ. ,e;jpahtpd; cw;gj;jpapy; Me;jpuhtpw;F mLj;jgoahf

jkpH;ehL ,uz;lhk; epiyapy; cs;sJ. jkpH;ehl;oy; 19/723 vf;lh] gug]gpy;

rhFgo bra;ag]gl;L 1/24/040 ld; cw;gj;jp bra;ag]gLfpwJ. ,jpy; <nuhL/

nfhit/ nryk; kw;Wk; ehkf;fy; khtl;l';fspy; kpf mjpfstpy; rhFgo

bra;ag]gLfpwJ. fle;j rpy tUl';fshf/ k";rspd; kfNy; kw;Wk; juk;

btFthff; Fiwe;J tUfpwJ. ,jw;F kpf Kf;fpaf; fhuzk; Kiwaw;w

Cl;lr]rj;J nkyhz;ikahy; Vw;gLk; Ez;q}l;lf; FiwghnlahFk;. fle;j

,uz;L tUl';fshf nryk; kw;Wk; ehkf;fy; khtl;l';fspy; Ez;q}l;lf;

FiwghLfspd; ghjpg]g[ kpft[k; mjpfkhfnt cs;sJ. Fwpg]ghf ,Uk;g[/

Jj;jehfk;/ kf;dPrpak; kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;Jf;fspd; gw;whf;Fiw mjpfkhfnt

cs;sJ. rkr]rPh] cu';fis rhpahd neuj;jpy; k";rSf;F mspf;fhjjhYk;/

Kiwaw;w gaph] nkyhz;ik KiwfspdhYk; ,f;FiwghLfs; Vw;gLfpd;wd.

FiwghLfspd; mwpFwpfs;

rhk;gy; rj;J

� ,iyapd; Xu';fspYk;/ EdpapYk; k";rs; epwk; njhd;wp ,Wjpapy; fha;e;J

fhzg]gLk;.

� g{r]rp/ neha;/ twl;rpapdhy; vspjhf ghjpf]fg]gLk;

� k";rs; fpH';Ffs; btSj;J/ juk; Fiwe;J fhz;gjhy; tzpf hPjpahf

kjpg]g[ Fiwa[k;.

kf;dPrpak; rj;J

� ,iyapd; nky;ghfj;jpd; eLg]gFjp kl;Lk; gr]ir epwj;JlDk; ,iyapd;

Xu';fSk; kw;wg] gFjpfSk; k";rshf ,Uf;Fk;.

� ika euk;g[k;/ ,iyapil euk;g[fSk; k";rs; ,iyfSf;F eLnt

gr]irahfj; bjhpa[k;.

,Uk;g[r] rj;J

� brofspd; tsh]r]rp Fd;wpa[k;/ g[jpjhfj; njhd;Wk; ,iyfs; k";rs; epwkhf

fhfpjk; nghd;W fhl;rpaspf;Fk;.

� ,r]rj;jpd; gw;whf;Fiw twl;rpahd fhy';fspy; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

Jj;jehfr] rj;J

� Jj;jehfr] rj;jpd; gw;whf;Fiw bgUk;ghYk; ,Uk;g[r] rj;jpd;

gw;whf;Fiwa[ld; nrh]e;nj fhzg]gLk;.


24kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

� ,f;Fiwghl;odhy; ,sk; ,iyfs; kpft[k; rpWj;J/ ,iyapy; k";rs; kw;Wk;

gr;ir epwj; jpl;Lf;fSk; fhzg]gLk;.

nghuhd; rj;J

� ,iyfs; rpWj;J khWgl;L fhzg]gLk;. ,iyfspy; jahhpf;fg]gl;l czt[r]

rj;jhdJ fpH';fpw;F vLj;Jr] bry;tJ ghjpf;fg]gl;L/ k";rspd; njhy; RU';fp

Fiwe;j vila[ld; ,Uf;Fk;.

Fiwghl;ow;fhd fhuz';fs;

� bghl;lhrpak;/ Rz;zhk;g[ kw;Wk; bkf;dPrpak; rj;Jf;fspy; VjhtJ xd;W

kz;zpy; kpf mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy; kw;w rj;Jf;fis gaph ]

vLj;Jf;bfhs;tij jLf;Fk;.

� Rz;zhk;g[r] rj;J kz;zpy; mjpfkpUe;jhy;/ ,Uk;g[r] rj;ij ePhpy;

fiuahjgo kz;zpy; epWj;jptpLk;. ,jdhy;/ kz;zpy; mjpf ,Uk;g[r]rj;J

,Ue;jhYk; brof;F fpilf;fhJ.

� Rz;zhk;g[r]rj;J mjpfkpy;yhj epy';fspy; kzpr]rj;J/ jhkpuk;/ kh';fdPR

kw;Wk; Jj;jehfr] rj;Jf;fs; ,Uk;g[r] rj;Jf; Fiwghl;il cz;lhf;Fk;.

� kzp kw;Wk; Rz;zhk;g[r] rj;Jf;fs; mjpfkpUe;jhy; Jj;jehff; FiwghL

Vw;gLk;.

� brk;kz;/ Rz;zhk;g[ fye;j kz; kw;Wk; fsh]/ cth] epy';fspy; mjpf

Jj;jehfg] gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gLk;.

� iel;nul;/ ry;ngl; kw;Wk; FnshiuL cu';fspd; kf;dPrpaf; Fiwghl;il

cz;lhf;Fk;.

� k";rs; xU btg]g kz;lyg] gaph]. vdnt Fsph] fhyj;jpy; <ug]gjk; kz;zpy;

mjpfkhFk; nghJ/ kzpr]rj;ijg] gapuhy; mjpf mstpy; fpufpf;f Koahky;/

kzpr]rj;Jf; FiwghL Vw;gLtJld;/ ,Uk;g[/ Jj;jehfk; kw;Wk; kf;dPrpar]

rj;Jf;fspd; Fiwghl;oid Vw;gLj;Jk;.

cukpLjy;

moa[ukhf Vf;fUf;F 10 ld; bjhG cuk;/ 21 fpnyh a{hpah/ 150 fpnyh

Ng]gh] gh!;ngl;/ 11 fpnyh bghl;lh#;/ ntg]gk; g[z;zhf;F 80 fpnyh/ bgh]u!;

ry;ngl; 12 fpnyh/ Jj;jehf ry;ngl; 6 fpnyh Mfpatw;iw ,l ntz;Lk;.

ng+l;l';fis filrp cHtpd;nghJk;/ Ez;q}l;l';fis 20 fpnyh

kzYld; fye;J tpijg]gpd; nghJk; ,l ntz;Lk;. nkYukhf tpijj;j 30/

60/90/120/150 ehl;fspy; Vf;fUf;F 21 fpnyh a{hpah/ 11 fpnyh bghl;lh#; ,lt[k;.

caph ] cukhf Vf;fUf;F 4 fpnyh mnrh!;ighpy;yk;/ 4 fpnyh

gh!:nghghf;Ohpah Mfpatw;iw 10 fpnyh ed;F kl;fpa bjhG cuj;Jld;

fye;J elt[ bra;j xU khjk; fHpj;J ,lntz;Lk;.

,iy tHp Cl;lkspj;jy;

nkw;fz;l kz;zpypLk; cu';fSld; ,iytHp cuKk; gapUf;F

bfhLf;Fk; nghJ bro Cl;lKld; tsh]e;J ey;y kfNiyf; bfhLf;Fk;.


25kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

Ez;q}l;lf; FiwghLfs; bjd;gl;lgpd; ,iytHp bjspj;jhYk;/ kfNy;

,Hg]g[ Vw;gLtJ epr]rak;. vdnt/ tUKd; fhg]gJ rhyr] rpwe;jJ. ,jw;fhf

150 fpuhk; ,Uk;g[ ry;ngl; kw;Wk; 150 fpuhk; a{hpah Mfpatw;iw 100 ypl;lh]

jz;zPhpy; fiuj;J 45 kw;Wk; 90Mk; ehspy; khiy ntisapy; bro ed;F

eida[khW bjspf;f ntz;Lk;. ,jDld; 100 kp.yp. Og]ghy; my;yJ fhjp

nrhg]g[f; fiuriy fye;J gad;gLj;jpdhy; Ez;q}l;l';fspd; cgnahfj;

jpwd; mjpfhpf;Fk;.

FiwghLfis epth]j;jp bra;jy;

nkw;fz;l midj;Jk; tUKd; fhg]gitahFk;. mtw;iw Kiwahf

gpd;gw;whjnghJ Cl;lr]rj;Jf; FiwghLfs; gaphpy; bjhpa Muk;gpf;Fk;.

,t;thW Fiwghl;od; mwpFwpfs; k";rspy; bjd;gl;lhy; ,Uk;g[ ry;ngl; 0.5%

(5fpuhk; / ypl;lh]) nghhpf; mkpyk; 0.3% (3 fpuhk; / ypl;lh])/ Jj;jehf ry;ngl;

0.5% (5fpuhk; / ypl;lh])/ kf;dPrpak; ry;ngl; 0.5% (5 fpuhk; /ypl;lh])/ bghl;lhrpak;

FnshiuL 0.5% (5 fpuhk; / ypl;lh]) kw;Wk; a{hpah 0.25% (2.5 fpuhk; / ypl;lh])

Mfpatw;iw ,iytHp bjspj;jy; ntz;Lk;. FiwghLfs; kiwa[k; tiu

10-15 ehl;fs; ,ilbtspapy; ,uz;L \d;W Kiw khiy ntisapy; bro

ed;F eida[khW bjspf;ft[k;. Kd;g[ TwpaJnghy; Og]ghy; my;yJ fhjp

nrhg]g[f; fiuriy fye;J bjspf;ft[k;.

nkw;fz;l ,iytHp bjspg]gpw;fhf k";rs; Cl;lf; fyitia nryk;

khtl;lj;jpYs;s ntshz;ik mwptpay; epiyak; jahhpj;Js;sJ. tptrhapfs;

,f;fyitia th';fp bjspj;Jk; gad;bgWkhW nfl;Lf; bfhs;fpnwhk;.

,iytHp Cl;lf; fyitapd; gad;fs;

� gaph] Mnuhf;fpakhf gRika[ld; ,Uf;Fk;.

� fpH';fpw;F njitahd Cl;lr] rj;Jf;fs; ,iy/ jz;Lg] gFjpapy; ,Ue;J

fpH';fpw;F ntfkhft[k; nghjpa mst[k; brd;wila[k;.

� k";rs; fpH';Ffspd; vil mjpfhpf;Fk;.

� fpH';Ffspd; epwk; ey;y k";rs; epwj;Jld; ,Ue;J tzpf hPjpahd kjpg]ig

mjpfhpf;Fk;.

Vw;Wkjpf;fhd tha;g]g[

k";rs; fpH';Ffspy; k";rs; epwj;jpw;fhd fhuzp Fh]Fkpd; vd;w

ntjpg]bghUshFk;. ,jd; mst[ ekJ k";rs; fpH';Ffspy; 3 rjtPjnk

cs;sJ. Mdhy; nfush khepyj;jpy; cs;s k";rs; fpH';Ffspy; Fh]Fkpd;

mst[ 5 rjk; MFk;. nfush k";rSf;F mjpf Vw;Wkjp tha;g]g[ fpilg]gjw;F

,Jnt Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;. nkw;Twpa rhptpfpj Cl;lr] rj;Jf;fis

bfhLg]gjd; \yk; ekJ k";rs; fpH';FfspYk; Fh]kpd; mst[ mjpfhpj;J

Vw;Wkjpf;fhd tha;g]g[k; bgUFk;.


26kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

jhpR epyj;jpd; j';fk; vdg;gLk; Ke;jphp kuk; nghh;j;Jf;fPrpah]fshy;

gpnurpy;; ehl;oypUe;J 16k; Ehw;whz;oy; ,e;jpahtpy; Kjd; Kjyhf nfhth

flw;fiu gFjpfspy; ; mwpKfg;gLj;jg]gl;lJ. gog]goahf fpHf;F kw;Wk;

nkw;F flw;fiunahug; gFjpfspy; ,g;gaph ] rhFgo gutpaJ. jw;nghJ

Ke;jph pahdJ ,Ugj;J Ie;Jf ;Fk; nkw ;gl ;l ehLfspy; rhFgo

bra;ag]gLfpwJ. ,J btg;g kz;lyg; gFjpfspy; gRikahf btFntfkhf

tsuf;Toa kukhFk;. Ke;jphp kw;w gaph]fisf] fhl;oYk; kpf mjpf mst[

twl;rpia jh';fp tsuf; ToaJ. jhpR epy';fspy; mjpf ,yhgk; mspf;Fk;

gapuhf ,Ug;gjhy; ,J xl;lfg] gaph] vd;Wk; miHf;fg;gLfpwJ.

,k;kuj;jpd; midj;Jg; ghf';fSk; gy;ntW Kiwapy; gad;gLfpd;wd.

,jd; gUg;g[k;/ gHKk; ey;y rj;Js;s czthfpd;wd. Ke;jphp gUg;gpy; 21

rjk; g[ujr]rj;J ml';fp cs;sJ. Ke;jphp gHj;jpy; itl;lkpd;-rp/ itl;lkpd;-

gp2 kw;Wk; Rz;zhk;g[r] rj;Jf;fs;; mjpf mstpy; cs;sd. Ke;jphp gHj;ij

neuoahfnth my;yJ gjg]gLj; ;jg]gl;l gHgz;l';fshfnth rhg]gplyhk;.

Ke;jphp gHurj;jpypUe;J bgd;dp (Fenny) vhp rhuhak; vLf;fg;gLfpwJ. gUg;ig

ePf;fpa gpd; Xl;oypUe;J vLf;fg;gLk; Ke;jphp xl]Lk; vz;bza;/ th]z';fs;/

thh]dp#; kw;Wk; buf;rpd; nghd;witfis bra;a tzpf hPjpapy; gad;gLfpwJ.

gUg;gpd; nky; njhy; nfhHpj;jPtdkhf gad;gLfpwJ. vz;bza; vLj;jgpd;

cs;s Ke;jphp XL xU ey;y vhpbghUshfpwJ. kuj;jpd; gl;ilfspypUe;J

vspjpy; mHpahj ik jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. kuj;jpypUe;J tUk; gprpd; xl;Lj;

jputkhf cgnahfpf;fg;gLfpwJ. Ke;jphp kuk; tpwfhft[k;/ rhjhuz tPL

fl;Ltjw;F kukhft[k; gad;gLfpwJ.

Ke;jphpapd; kUj;Jt Fz';fs;

Ke;jphp gHkhdJ rpWePh] bgUf;fpahft[k; btg;gk; cz;lhf;fpahft[k;

gad;gLfpwJ. Ke;jph p tpijahdJ ,dg;bgUf;fpahf gad;gLfpwJ.

kug;gl;il Jth]g]gpahf gad;gLfpwJ. Ke;jphp bfhl;ilapd; nky; Xl;oypUe;J

vLf;Fk; vz;bza]iag] g{rpdhy; g[z;/ btog]g[ eP';Fk;. nkYk; gy tif

gUf;fs;/ kUf;fs;/ gilfs; Kjypad ,t;btz;bza; g{r eP';Fk;. Ke;jphp

gUg;g[ vz;bza; Fly; g[z;fis Mw;Wk;. Ke;jphpapd; nth] gl;ilia frhak;

bra;J Foj;jhy; ePhpHpt[ neha; fl;Lg]gLk;.

jw ;bghGJ cyf thzpgj ;jpy ; Kf;fpa g';F tfpf ;fpd ;w \d;W

njhl;lf;fiy gUg;g [ tifg; gaph ;fspy; (thy;el;/ My;kz;l;/ Ke;jphp)

,uz;lhtJ ,lj;ij Ke;jph p bgw ;Ws;sJ. ,J ek; ehl ;ow ;F me;epa

bryhtzp <l;oj; jUk; Kf;fpa Vw;Wkjpg; bghUshFk;. ek; ehl;oy; Ke;jphp

Ke;jphpapy; ,LbghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gaph] ghJfhg;g[

nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;

khhP!;thp/ ng./ k. bry]tuh$d] kw;Wk; ,uh.Jiu rp';

kz;ly Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ mUg;g[f;nfhl;il - 626 107bjhiyngrp vz: : 04566 - 220562


27kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

kfhuh#;ouh/ Me;jpug;gpunjrk;/ nfush/ xhprh/ fh]ehlfh/ jkpH;ehL/ nfhth/

nkw;F t';fk; nghd;w khepy';fspy; bkhj;jk; 7/70/000 vf;lh] epyg;gug;gpy;

rhFgo bra;ag;gLfpwJ. fle;j 10 Mz;Lfspy; ekJ ehl;oy; Ke;jphp rhFgo

gug]gst[k;/ cw;gj;jp jpwDk; mjpfhpj;J tUfpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; jkpH;ehl;oy;

Ke;jphpapd; ruhrhp kfNy; kpff; Fiwe;j msnt (vf;lUf;F 420 fpnyh)

fpilj;J tUfpwJ. ,jw;F fhuz';fs; gpd;tUkhW.

1. ekJ khepyj;jpYs;s Ke;jphp njhl;l';fs; bgUk;ghYk; tpij \yk;

cw;gj;jp bra;ag;gl;l fd;Wfis elt[ bra;J cz;lhf;fg;gl;lit.

2. rhptu ftdpf;fg;glhj mjpf gug;gpYs;s Ke;jphp njhl;l';fs;.

3. ku';fSf;F rhpahf cukplhik kw;Wk; kz; tsj;ij ghJfhf;f

njitahd bjhHpy;El;g';fs; tptrhapfSf;F rhptu brd;wilahik.

4. Kiwahd gaph] ghJfhg;g[ Kiwfis nkw;bfhs;shik.

5. Vf;fUf;F 80 ku';fs; vd;w vz;zpf;iff;F ,y;yhky; kpft[k; Fiwthd

ku';fs; itj;jpUj;jy.;

fLk; fhpry; kw;Wk; cth] epy';fs; jtpu kw;w epy';fspy;/ Fiwe;j

mst[ ePh] bfhz;L jhpR epy';fspYk; Ke;jphpia vspjhf tsh;f;fyhk;.

tp.Mh].I. 3/ tp.Mh].I. 4 kw;Wk; cy;yhy; 3 Mfpa ,uf';fs; ekJ khepyj;jpw;F

cfe;j ey;y kfNy; mspf;Fk; ,uf';fshFk;. Ke;jphp rhFgof;F kpff;

Fiwe;j mst[ ePh] gha;r;rpdhny nghJkhdJ. bghJthf ve;j ,lj;jpYk;

fk;gpurh] nkhl;lhUf;F nghJkhd mst[ rg]is bra;af;Toa mst[ jz;zPh]/

nghh] fpzw;wpypUe;J fpilf;Fk;. nghh] mUfpnyna 12 x 10 x 8 mo vd;w

mstpy; xU bjhl;o (jiuf;foapy; 6 mo ,Uf;FkhW) fl;o mjpy; ,ut[

neu';fspy; fk;gpurh] \yk; jz]zPh] ,iwj;J gfypy; me;j jz;zPiu Rkhh]

20 Vf;fUf;F brhl;LePh] ghrdk; \yk; gha;r]ryhk;. ,t;thW 6 mo mfyk;

200 mo MH nghh] nghl;L/ bjhl;o fl;o fk;gpurUk; nkhl;lhUk; mikf;f

+.85/000 brythFk;. ,k;Kiwapy; Rkhh] 3.5 ,yl;rk; +gha; brytpy; 100

Vf;fh; Ke;jphpf;F brhl;L ePh] ghrdk; \yk; vspjhf ePh]gha;r]ryhk;.

Ke;jphp kuk; xd;wpw;fhd vU / cu mst[fs;

vU /cu';fs; Kjy;

Mz;L

2 k;

Mz;L

3 k;

Mz;L

4 k;

Mz;L

5 k;

Mz;L

bjhGcuk; (fpnyh) 10 20 20 30 50

jiHr;rj;J (fpuhk;) 50 100 100 150 500

kzpr;rj;J (fpuhk;) 25 50 75 75 125

rhk;gy;rj;J (fpuhk;) 25 50 75 75 125

tha;g]g[s;s gFjpfspy; vU kw;Wk; cu';fis ,UKiw rk g';fhf Kjy;

gUt kiHapd; nghJk; / ,uz;lhk ; gUtkiH (mf;nlhgh ] -etk;gh ] )

khj';fspYk; ,LtJ ey;yJ. xU Kiw kl;Lk; ,Lk;nghJ etk;gh]-ork;gh]

khj';fspy; ,lntz;Lk;.


28kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

gaph] ghJfhg;g[

Ke;jphp rhFgoapy; jz;L Jisg;ghd;/ njapiy bfhR/ jz;Lg[G kw;Wk;

g{ ngd; nghd;w g{r]rp jhf;Fjy; Vw;gLk;. jz;L Jisg;ghid ypd;nld; giria

kuj;jpy; g{Rjy; kw;Wk; jz;il Rw;wp Cw;Wjy; \yk; fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.

bghJthf Ke;jphpapy; ,iyg;g[s;sp/ Me;jpuf;ndh!;/ g{ bkhl;L mGfy;

nghd;w neha;fs; bjd;gLk; . Nnlhnkhdh!; g ]nshurd;!; caphpay;

bfhy;ypia 0.05 rjk; bjspg]gjd; \yk; neha;fis fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.

Ke;jphp fd;Wfisr; Rw;wpa[s;s brhl;LePh] gha[k; tl;lg]ghj;jpfspy; glUk;

bfhofshd jh ]g {rzp/ bts;is g{rzp/ Kisg;gHk;/ rh ]f ;fiu g{rzp

Mfpatw;wpd; tpijfis el;L btspna glh]j;jp tplyhk;. ,t;thW vspjhf

CLgaph] rhFgo bra;Jk; mjpf ,yhgk; bgwyhk;.

��

ky;bghp rhFgoapy; gRe;jhs; cuk;

gRe;jhs; cukpLtJ vd;gJ gRe;jiHfSld; Toa brofis kz;zpypl;L

kl;fr] bra;tjhFk;. gRe;jhs; cukpLtjhy; gaph]fSf;F fpilf;ff;Toa rj;Jf;fs;

kw;Wk; kz;zpd; ePh]gpog]g[j;jpwd; mjpfhpj;J kz;zpd; gz]g[fSk; nkd;ik

milfpd;wd.

nth] Kor]Rfis cw;gj;jp bra]af;Toa byFkpd!; FLk;gj;ijr] nrh]e;j

gRe;jhs; cu tpijfis kiHf; fhyj;jpy;/ ky;bghp brofis fthj;J bra;J

fisbaLj;j gpd;g[/ rpghhpR bra;ag]gl;l mstpy; tpijfis/ ,iz thpir

,ilbtspapUg]gpd; mfy ,ilbtspapYk;/ ,ilbtsp 3' x 3' ,Ug]gpd; brofspd;

,Uthpirf;fpilapYk] ifahy; J}tp tpijj;J ePh]g]gha;r]r ntz;Lk;. tpijfspd;

Kisg]g[j; jpwid mjpfhpf;f tpijg]gjw;F Kd;g[ 10 Kjy; 12 kzp neuk; tpijfis

ePhpy; eida itj;Jk; tpijf;fyhk;. tpijfis iunrhgpak; vd;w caph]

cuj;jpdhy; tpijneh]j;jp bra;J (250 fpuhk; iunrhgpaj;ij 10 Kjy; 12 fpnyh

tpija[ld; fyf;ft[k;). tpijf;Fk; bghGJ nth]Kor]Rfs; \yk; fhw;wpYs;s

jiHr]rj;ij mjpf mstpy; fpufpj;J kz;zpy; epiy epWj;jr] bra;fpwJ. gRe;jhs;

gapUf;F cuk;/ g{r]rp/ neha; fl;Lg]ghL nghd;wit njitapy;iy. tpij tpijj;j

40 Kjy; 45 ehl;fspy; (g{f;Fk; gUtj;jpy;) gRe;jhs; cug]gaph]fis klf;fp cGnjh

my;yJ gpL';fp kz;zpypl;L ky;r]rp'; bra;njh cld; ePh]g]gha;r]r ntz;Lk;. gRe;jhs;

cug]gaph]fs; kz;zpy; ed;F fye;J kl;Ftjhy; kz;zpd; m';fff; fhpkk;/

Ez;q}l;lr] rj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; jiHr]rj;Jk; mjpfkhfpwJ. Rkhh] 2.6 Kjy; 10 bkl;hpf;

ld; gRe;jiHfis cw;gj;jp bra]a[k; gaWtifg] gaph;fis cGJ kz;nzhL

fye;J kl;fr] bra;jpLk; bghGJ ruhrhpahf xU Vf;fUf;F xU tUlj;jpy; 24 Kjy;

36 fpnyh jiHr]rj;J kz;zpy; fpufpf]fg]gLfpwJ.

g[';fk;/ ntk;g[/ fpishprpoah/ mfj;jp/ vUf;F nghd;wtw;wpd; ,iyfs; kw;Wk;

,se;jz;Lfis btl;o/ ky;bghp brofspdpilna gug]gp ePh]g]gha;r]rp kl;fr] bra;J

kz;zpy; m';ffr]rj;J kw;Wk; ,ju rj;Jf;fis mjpfhpf;fyhk;. ,it jtpu

gRe;jiHfSld; Toa fisr]brofisa[k; ( g{f;Fk; Kd;ng) gRe;jhs; cukhf

ky;bghp njhl;l';fspy; ,lyhk;.

jfty] :Kidth] eh. jhQpuh gPtp/ kz;ly gl;L tsh]g]g[ Muha]r]rp epiyak;/ nryk;-3


29kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

,aw;if tHpapy; gaph; E}w;g[G fl;Lg;ghL

,uh. ckhknfRthp/ brs. ,uhkfpU#;zd; kw;Wk; $p. n$hjp

E}w;g[Gtpay; Jiw/ gaph] ghJfhg]g[ ikak;

jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfk;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h; - 641 003bjhiyngrp vz; : 0422 - 6611264

Rw;Wr]NHy; nfL/ gaph]fspy; v"]Rk; e";R/ ed;ik bra;a[k; $Ptuhrpfspd;

mHpt[/ E}w;g[Gf;fSf;F vjph;g;g[j;jd;ik kw;Wk; mjpf bryt[ nghd;wit

Vw;glhtz;zk; gaph;fisj; jhf;Fk; E}w;g[Gf;fis ,aw;if tHpapy;

fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ rhj;jpakhdnjahFk;. ,k;Kiwapy; Nhpa xsp/ braw;if

Kiwapy; cz;lhf;fg;gLk; btg;gk;/ fhw;wpd; ntfk;/ gaph; kw;Wk; kpUf

vr]rj;jpd; m';ffg; bghUl;fs; nghd;wit \yk; E}w;g[Gf;fis bghUshjhu

nrj epiyf;Fk; Fiwthf ,Uf;FkhW bra;J gaph; kfNiy mjpfhpf;fyhk;.

,j;jifa ,aw;if tHpapy; E}w;g[G nkyhz;ik Kiwfis gpd;tUkhW

filg;gpoj;J gad; milayhk;.

btg;gk;

Nhpa xsp btg;gk;

Mog;gl;l fha;fwpg;gaph]fSf;Fj; njitahd ehw;w';fhiy 1kP mfyk;/

njitf;nfw;g ePsj;Jld; jahh] bra;at[k;. gpwF Nhpa btg;gk; mjpfkhf

cs;s khh;r; Kjy; nk khj fhy';fspy; 8 fh$; gUkDs;s epwkw;w ghypj;jPd;

tphpg;ig fhw;W tPRk; jpirapypUe;J ,Wf;fkhf \oa gpwF ehd;F gf;f

Kidfisa[k; kz; bfhz;L \o xU khjk; itj;jpUf;ft[k;. ,k;Kiwapy;

kz;zpYs;s <ug;gjk; Mtpahjy; jLf;fg;gLtjhYk;/ Nhpabtg;gk;

ghypj;jPd; tphpg;g[ \yk; kz;zpy; CLUt[tjhYk; kz;zpYs;s btg;g epiy

10 Kjy; 15 brd;ofpnuL tiu mjpfhpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

,t;thW btg;gk; mjpfhpf;fg;gLtjhy; kz;zpYs;s nfL tpistpf;Fk;

$Ptuhrpfs; mHptJld;/ fisr;bro tpijfspd; Kisg;g [j ;jpwDk;

ghjpf;fg]gLfpwJ. ,j;jifa ehw;w';fhypy; ehw;Wfs; jahhpg;gjd; \yk;

E}w;g[Gf;fshy; ghjpf;fg;glhj tskhd ehw;Wfis bgwyhk;.

,Jnghd;W bey; tpijfspy; cwf;f epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk;

E}w;g[Gf;fisa[k; Nhpa btg;gk; \yk; mHpf;fyhk;. bey; mWtilf;Fg; gpwF

bey; tpijfis ehbshd;Wf;F 6 kzp neuk; (fhiy 9.00 Kjy; khiy 3.00

tiu) bjhlh;e;J ,uz;L ehl;fSf;F fha itg]gjd; \yk; bey; btz; Edp

,iy E}w;g[Gf;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.


30kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

braw;if Kiwapy; cz;lhf;fg;gLk; btg;gk;

kz; btg;g\l;Ljy;

njapiy/ gg]ghsp nghd;w gaph]fSf;F ehw;W jahhpf;f cgnahfpf;fg;gLk;

kz;fyitia ,Uk;g[ rl;o my;yJ jfu jl;od; kPJ bfhl;o/ mog]g[wj;jpypUe;J

vspjpy; vhpaf;Toa bghUl;fis cgnahfpj;J Rkhh; 30 epkplj;jpw;F

60°brd;ofpnuL mstpw;F (Mtp btspg ;gLk; mstpw;F) jPitj;J

bfhSj;Jtjd; \yk; E}w;g[Gf;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;. gpwF mf;fyitia

ghypj;jPd; ig kw;Wk; kz;bjhl;ofspy; epug]gp ehw;W jahhpf;fg] gad;gLj;jyhk;.

ehw;w';fhypy; r.kPf;F 24 fp.fp. tPjk; bey; jtpl;oid gug;gp fhw;W tPRk;

jpirf;F vjph]g]g[wj;jpypUe;J bfhSj;Jtjd; \yk;/ jP fdd;W ePz;l

neuj;jpw;F kz;zpDs; CLUtp/ E}w;g[Gf;fis mHpf;fpwJ. g[ifapiy

ehw;w';fhypy; fhzg;gLk; nth]Kor]R E}w;g[Gf;fis mHpg;gjw;F ,J xU

rpwe;j KiwahFk;.

nkw;fz;l Kiwfspy; jP \l;l cjphpg;bghUl;fs; njitg;gLfpwJ.

mt;thwpd;wp/ taypy; mWtilf;Fg] gpwF v";rpa[s;s bghUl;fis jP \l;o

bfhSj;Jtjd; \yk; E}w;g[Gf;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;. ,k;Kiwapy; bey;

kw;Wk; fUk;g[ mWtilf;Fg;gpwF taypy; cs;s jhs;fis vhpg;gjd; \yk;

E}w;g[Gf;fis mHpj;J mLj;J rhFgo bra;ag;gLk; gaph;fis E}w;g[Gf;fs;

jhf;fh tz;zk; bra;ayhk;.

neuoahf jP \yk; btg;gk; \l;lhky;/ bey; kw;Wk; elt[g;bghUl;fs;

\yk; gut[k; E}w;g[Gf;fis RL ePhpy; Fwpg;gpl;l btg;g epiyapy;/ Fwpg;gpl;l

fhyj;jpw ;F fPH ]f ;fz;lthW itj;jpUg;gjd; \yk; E}w;g[Gf;fisf;

fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.

fhw;wpd; ntfk ;

E}w;g[Gf;fshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l jhdpa';fs; bew]gaphpy; gjh; Mfp

tpLtjhYk;/ nfhJik gaph;fspy; cUkhwp/ fWj;J/ ,nyrhfp ,Ug]gjhYk;

mj;jifa gaph]fspy; mWtilf;Fg; gpwF fhw;W tPRk; vjph; jpirapypUe;J

gaph] E}w ;g[G btg;gepiy fhyk;

(brd;ofpnuL) (epkplk ;)

bey; btz; Edp ,iy E}w;g[G 52.0 10

vYkpr;ir vYkpr]ir E}w;g[G 46.7 10

thiH Fila[k; E}w;g[G 50.0 10

jpuhl;ir nth;Kor]R E}w;g[G 50.0 10


31kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

Kwk; my;yJ kpd; tprpwp \yk; J}w;wp E}w;g[Gf;fshy; jhf;fg;gl;l jhdpa

kzpfis gphpj;bjLj;J mHpj;Jtplyhk;. kPjKs;s/ Mnuhf;fpakhd

jhdpa';fis tpijg;bghUl;fshf cgnahfpj;J gad; bgwyhk;.

gaph] kw;Wk; kpUf vr;rk;

fUk;g[ Miyf;fHpt[ (gpu!;kl;)/ vz;bza; vLf;fg;gl;l a{fypg]l!;

,iyfs;/ gR rhzk;/ ML g[Gf;if/ ntf itf;fg]gl;;l vYk;g[/ nfhHp kw;Wk;

tsh]g]g[ gwit ,d vr;r';fis E}w;g[G ty;Ydh;fspd; Mnyhridg;go

njitahd neuj;jpy; njitahd mstpy; ,l;L kl;fr; bra;J mjdhy;

btspg]gLk; bghUl;fs; kw;Wk; kz;zpDs; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; khw;w';fs; \yk;

E}w;g[Gf;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.

m';ffg;bghUl;fs;

tPL/ efuhl;rp fHpt[g;bghUl;fs;/ bjhGcuk; (12.5 ld;/vf;lh])/ gpz;zhf;F

tiffs] (1 ld;/vf;lh]) nghd;wtw;iw taypy; ,l;L nghJkhd mstpw;F

kl;fr] bra;J gpwF rhFgo bra;tjd; \yk; E}w;g[Gf;fis fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.

,g;bghUl;fs; kz;zpy; rpijf;fg;gLk;nghJ btspg]gLk; ntjpg]bghUl;fs;/

kz;zpDs; Vw;gLk; bgsjPf khw;w';fs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpypUe;J gaph]fshy;

bgwg]gLk; gaph]rj;Jfs; E}w;g[Gf;fs; fl;Lg]gLtjw;Fk;/ gaph] tsh;r]rpf;Fk;

fhuzkhfpd;wd.

cHtpay; Kiwfs;

nfhilf;fhy cHt[

taiy nfhilf;fhyj;jpy; ,uz;L my;yJ \d;W Kiw MH cHt[

bra;tjd; \yk; kz;zpYs;s E}w;g[Gf;fspd; Kl;ilfs;/ tsh;r;rpa[wh

kw;Wk; tsh]r]rpa[w;w E}w;g[Gf;fs; kz; nkw;gug;gpw;F bfhz;L tug]gl;L Nhpa

btg;gj;jpdhy; mHpf;fg]gLfpd;wd. nkYk; ,t;thW MH cGtjd; \yk;

E}w;g[Gf;fspd; kPJ Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; cuha;t[/ fha';fs; \yKk; E}w;g[Gf;fs;

ghjpf;fg]gLfpd;wd.

jhprhf ,Ljy;

,uz;L gaph]fSf;F ,ilapy; \d;W khj fhyj;jpw;F taiy jhprhf

,Ltjhy; E}w;g[Gf;fs; ,iur]broapd;wp gl;odpahy; ,we;J mHpe;J

tpLfpd;wd.

taypy; ePiu njf;fp itj;jy;

ed;bra; epy';fspy; rhFgof;F Kd;ghf Rkhh; 3-6 khj';fs; ePiuj; njf;fp

itf;Fk; nghJ Vw;gLk; Ez;qaph] tsh]rpij khw;wk; kz; ntjpapay;


32kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

khw;wj;jpdhy; btspg]gLk; er]Rg]bghUl;fs; E}w;g[Gf;fis mHpf;fty;yjhf

cs;sJ. ghrd ePh] trjp cs;nshh; thiHapy; ,k;Kiwia gpd;gw;wp gad;

bgwyhk;.

gaph; RHw;rp

Fwpg]gpl;l E}w;g[Gf;fshy; ghjpf;fg]gLk; gaph]fis me;E}w;g[G jhf;fhj

ntW gaph]fisf;bfhz;L gaph; RHw;rp bra;tjd; \yk; E}w;g[Gf;fisf;

fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;. ,k;Kiwapy; E}w;g[Gf;fs; ,iur;broapd;wp gl;odpahYk;/

gapiuj;jhf;ff;Toa tPhpaj;ij ,Hg;gjhYk;/ ,yFthf kw;w ,ju

caph]f;bfhy;yp tpG';fpfshy; mHpf;fg]gLtjhYk; fl;Lg]gLj;jg]gLfpd;wd.

E}w;g[Gf;fis fth;e;jpGf;Fk; gaph;

,aw;ifahfnt E}w;g [Gf;fSf;F cfe;j gapuhd jl;ilg;gaW

gaph]rhFgof;F Kd;g[ tpijj;J kz;zpYs;s E}w;g[Gf;fs; mg;gapuhy;

fth]e;jpGf;fg;gl;l gpwF xU khjj;jpw;Fs; mjhtJ E}w;g[Gf;fspd; thH;f;if

rhpjk;/ Ma[s; fhyk; Kotjw;Fs; mg]g[wg]gLj;jyhk;. mj;jifa E}w;g[Gf;fshy;

ghjpf;fg]gl;l gaph]fis jPtdg; gaph]fshf cgnahfpf;fyhk;.

rpy gaph]fs;/ cjhuzj;jpw;F rzg;ig gapiu rhFgof;F Kd;g[ tpijg;gjd;

\yKk; E}w;g[Gf;fis fth]e;jpGf;fyhk;. Mdhy; ,g;gaph] E}w;g[Gf;fis tsu

tpLtjpy;iy. Mifahy;/ ,g]gaph] tsh]e;j gpwF epyj;jpDs; klf;fp cGtjd;

\yk; gRe;jhs; gapuhf cgnahfpj;Jf; bfhs;syhk;.

E}w;g[Gf;fis mHpf;fty;y gaph;fs;

JSf;frhke;jp/ fLF nghd;w gaph]fs; nth]g]gFjpapypUe;J btspg]gLk;

frpt[g;bghUl;fs; E}w;g[Gf;fis mHpf;fty;yjhf cs;sJ. ,j;jifag]

gaph]fis cjhuzj;jpw;F JSf;frhke;jpia fha;fwp gaph]fspYk;/ fLfpid

cUisf;fpH';F gapUlDk; CL gapuhf gaph] bra;tjd; \yk; E}w;g[Gf;fis

btFthff; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.

gRe;jhs; gaph]fs;

bfhS";rp/ rzg;ig/ fpishprpoah nghd;w gaph]fis rhFgof;F Kd;g[

jdpg;gapuhf tsh;j;J gpwF klf;fp cGJ tplyhk;. my;yJ mj;jifa gRe;jhs;

gaph;fis nrfhpj;J epyj;jpDs; ,lyhk;. ,k;Kiwapy; Xustpw;F gaph]rj;Jk;.

kz;zpYs;s m';ffg;bghUl;fspd; mst[k; mjpfhpj;J E}w;g[Gf;fSf;F

vjph]g]g[j; jd;ika[ila $Ptuhrpfs; bgUfp E}w;g[Gf;fis fl;Lg]ghl;ow;Fs;

itf;f VJthfpwJ.


33kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

tpijg;g[ elt[ bra;a[k; fhyj;ij khw;wpaikj;jy;

,k;Kiw \yk; cUisf;fpH';if ghjpf ;Fk; Kl;ilf;TL

E}w;g[Gf;fis btFthff; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;. kz;zpd; btg;g epiy

Fiwthft[k; E}w;g[G ghjpg;gpw;F cfe;j tifapy; ,y;yhj fhyj;jpYk;/

mjhtJ mf;nlhgh; khjj;jpy; cUisf;fpH';if tpijg;gjd; \yk;

E}w;g[Gf;fisf] fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;. gpd;tUk; khj';fspy; btg;gepiy

mjpfhpj;J/ E}w;g[G jhf;fpdhYk; gaph; kfNypy; ghjpg;g[ Vw;gLtjpy;iy.

caph;f;bfhy;ypfs;

jw;rkak; jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfj;jpy;; tzpfhPjpahf

fpilf;fty;y Nnlhnkhdh!; g;nshurd;!;/ oiuf;nfhblh;kh tphpo kw;Wk;

nth; cl;g{rzj;ij cgnahfpj;J bgUthhpahd E}w;g[Gf;fis midj;J

tif gaph;fspYk; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.

tpij neh;j;jpahf Nnlhnkhdh!; g]nshurd;i! 10fp. tPjKk;/

oiuf;nfhblh;kh tphpoia 4fp. tPjKk;/ kz;zpy; 2.5 fp.fp. /vf;lh] tPjKk;

E}w;g[G fl;Lg]ghl;ow;F cgnahfpf;fyhk;. nth; cl;g{rzj;ij fha;fwp

ehw;w';fhypy; 2.5 fp.fp./br.kP. tPjk; ,Ltjd; \yKk; E}w;g[Gf;fis

fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.

nkw;Twpa ,aw;if tHp Kiwfis ,urhad E}w;g[Gf;bfhy;ypfSf;F

khw;whf cgnahfpj;J cHth; bgUkf;fs; E}w;g[Gf;fis rpf;fdkhd

Kiwapy; fl;Lg;gLj;jp gad; bgwyhk;.

tsUk; ntshz;ik thrfh]fSf;F

��

� �

tsUk; ntshz;ik ,jH;fis xt;bthU khjKk; 15-Mk; njjpf;Fs;

mDg]gptpLfpnwhk; . 16/17/18-Mk; njjpfspy; j';fSf;Ff; fpilf;f

ntz;Lk; . fpilf;fj ; jhkjkhdhYk;/ fpilf;fhtpl ;lhYk; m";ry;

mYtyfj;jpy; tprhhpa[';fs;. fpilf;ftpy;iybadpy; fojk; \ykhfnth

my;yJ bjhiyngrp \ykhfnth bjhptpa[';fs;. mt;thW bjhptpf;Fk;

nghJ c';fs; re;jh vz;iza[k;/ Kfthpiaa[k; kwthky; Fwpg]gpL';fs;.

ekJ tsUk; ntshz;ikapd; nehf;fk;/ " nritna jtpu/ tpahghuky;y"

vd;gJ vy;nyhUk; mwpe;jnj. bjhpe;jth]fis re;jh brYj;j Vw;ghL

bra]a[';fs;. epidtpy; bfhs;S';fs;/ xU re;jh nrh]g]gjd; \yk;/ xU

cHth] FLk;gj;jpw;nf eP';fs; thH tHpfhl;LfpwPh]fs;.

Mrphpah]


34kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

gUj;jp tptrhapfs; bra;a[k; mjpf cw;gj;jp

bryitf; Fiwg]gbjg]go>

F. fjpnurd;

nguhrphpah] kw;Wk; jiyth]

gUj;jp Muha;r]rp epiyak;/ ntg]ge;jl;il - 621 116

bjhiyngrp vz; : 94435 92449

gzg]gaph]fspy; Kjyplk; tfpg]gJ gUj;jpahFk;. ,J bts;isj; j';fk;

vd;wiHf;fg]gLfpwJ. Kw;fhyj;jpy; (1995f;F Kd;) gaphpl;lg] gaph]fspy; ey;y

,yhgk; fpilj;jJ. jw;bghGJ/ gaph] rhFgof;fhFk; bryt[ mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.

mjw;F <lhf gaph] kfNy; mjpfhpf;ftpy;iy. kfNy; xU epiyapy;/

mjpfhpf ;fhky; / epiyg]gl ;oUf;f kz;tsk; jf ;fthW ngzp

ghJfhf;fg]glhjnj Kf;fpaf; fhuzkhFk;. nkYk; braw;if cu';fis

kl;Lk; ,l;L gaph]rhFgo bra;jJk; xU fhuzk;. ,jdhy;/ cur] bryt[

mjpfhpj;jhYk; kfNypy; khWghL fhz ,aytpy;iy. kz; tsj;jpy; kf;F

rj;J kpf kpf mtrpakhdJ. ,J kz;zpy; jf;f mst[ ,Ue;jhy; jhd;/

kz;zpd; btg]gepiy/ ,lg]gl;l cu';fs; gapUf;Ff] fpilj;jy;/ ePh] gpoj;Jf]

bfhLf;Fk; jd;ik ey;y fhw;nwhl;lk; kw;Wk; ed;ik bra;a[k; Ez;qaph]fspd;

vz;zpf;if mjpfhpf;Fk;. ,e;j NHyhy; gaphpd; nth] tsh]r]rp mjpfhpj;J gaph]

tsh]r]rp mjpfkhFk;. kfNypy;/ gaphpd; nth] tsh]r]rp mjpfhpj;jhy; jhd; gaph]

ey;y tsh]r]rp bgw;W kfNypd; fhuzpahd fha;fspd; vz;zpf;if/ fhapd;

vil/ g";rpd ; vil/ ey;y juk ; Mfpad eilbgw VJthd NHy;

cUthf;fg]gLk;. ,itfs; xd;Wld; xd;W bjhlh]g[ bfhz;litahFk;.

gaph] rhFgof;fhFk; bkhj;j brytpy; gaph] rhFgo kw;Wk; gaph] ghJfhg;g[

bryt[ vd ,U TWfs; cs;sd. gUj;jp rhFgoapy;/ rhFgo bryit tpl

gaph] ghJfhg]g[ bryt[ jhd; mjpfk; vd;gJ ahtUk; mwpe;jnj. ,e;jpa muR/

tptrhag] gaph]fSf;F cgnahfpf;Fk; bkhj;j ,urhadg] g{r]rpbfhy;yp bryt[

+.30 gpy;ypad; (1 gpy;ypad; vd;gJ E}W nfhoahFk;) vd;Wk; gUj;jpf;F kl;Lk;

MFk; bryt[ +.16 gpy;ypad; vd;Wk; g[s;sp tpguk; fhl;LfpwJ. ,jpy;/ gUj;jp

gapUf;F kl;Lk; brytplg]gLk; g{r]rpbfhy;yp bryt[ 54 rjkhFk;. mjpYk;

fha;g]g[Gf;fisf; fl;Lg]gLj;j cgnahfg]gLj;Jk; g{r]rpbfhy;yp bryt[kl;Lk;

+.12 gpy;ypad; MFk;. ,jpypUe;J gUj;jpf;F vt;tst[ mst[ gzk;

brythfpwJ vd;gij mwpayhk;.

gUj;jp rhFgoapy; ,ufk;/ tpijj; njh]t[/ tpij neh]j;jp/ tpijg]g[/ gaph]

vz;zpf;if guhkhpg]g[/ gaph] tsh]r]rp guhkhpg]g[/ mWtil Mfpad rhFgo

brytpd';fshFk;. gaph] vz;zpf;if guhkhpg]gpy;/ jFe;j ,ilbtspapy;


35kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

tpijj;jy;/ gaph] fisj;jy;/ btw;wplk; epug]g[jy; Mfpad Kf;fpa m';fk;

tfpf;fpd;wd. gaph] tsh]r;rp guhkhpg]gpy;/ fisfs; nkyhz;ik/ jhtur]

rj;Jf;fs; nkyhz;ik/ ghrd ePh] nkyhz;ik Mfpad Kf;fpakhFk;. ,it

jtpu Edpf;fps;Sjy; kw;Wk; tsh]r]rp Cf;fp (NAA) bjspj;jy; Mfpadt[k;

ml';Fk;.

gUj;jpia g{r]rp kw;Wk; neha;fs; (g{rz';fs;) jhf;fpdhYk;/ 20ypUe;J

80 rjk; tiu kfNy; ,Hg]g[ g{r]rpfshnyna Vw;gLfpwJ. mjpYk; fha;g]g[G

jhf;Fjyhy; kl;Lk; 60 rjk; tiu ,Hg]g[ cz;lhfpwJ.

gUj;jpia jhf;Fk; g{r]rp ,d';fis (1) rhW cwp";Rk; g{r]rpfs;/ (2)

,iyfisj; jpz;qk; g{r]rpfs;/ (3) fha;g]g[Gf;fs; kw;Wk; (4) tz;Lfs; vd

tifg;gLj;jyhk;.

g{r]rpfs; nrjj;jpd; mwpFwpfs; kw;Wk; jhf;FjYf;F cs;shFk; kw;w gaph]fs;

t.vz; g{r;rpfs; mwpFwpfs; kw;w gaph]fs;

I

,iyfspd; rhw;iw

cwp";Rtjhy;/ ,iyfspd;

Xu';fs; tho nky; gf;fkhf

RU';fp fhzg;gLk;. ,iyfs;

rpWj;Jk; gaph ] tsh]r ]rp

Fd;wpa[k; fhzg]gLk;.

btz;il/ fj;jhp/

kpsfha;/ fPiu tiffs;/

Fjpiu krhy;/ bfha;ah/

brk;gUj;jp kw;Wk;

fz;l';fj;jhp

m. mRtpzp

,iyfspd; mog]ghfj;jpy;

kpf Ez;zpa btz; g[s;spfs;

njhd;Wk;. nrjk; mjpfkhf

,Uf;Fk; bghGJ ,iyfs;

bkhubkhug]ghft[k;/ btsph]

gr]ir epwkhft[k; khWk;.

jhf;fg]gl;l ,iyfspd; mog]

ghfk; tHtHg]ghfj; njhd;Wk;.

jf;fhsp/ kpsfha;/

Nhpafhe;jp/ kh kw;Wk;

vYkpr]ir

M. ,iyg]ngd;

,iyfspd; Xu';fs; k";rs;

epwkhf khwp/ tho fPH; nehf;fp

RUz;L/ ftpH;f;fg]gl;l fpz ;z k;

nghy; njhd;Wk;. gpd;/ ,iyfs;

beUg;ghy; vhpf;fg]gl;lJ nghy;

rptg]g[ epwkhf khWk;. g{r]rpfs;

mjpfk; jhf;Fk; bghGJ

,iyfs; cjpUk;. fha;fs;

rhptu KjpuhJ.

btz;il/ fj;jhp/

Mkzf;F/ g{rzp

tiffs;/ Nhpafhe;jp

kw;Wk; brk;gUj;jp

,. jj;Jg]g{r]rp

rhW cwp";Rk; g{r]rpfs ;


36kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

g{r;rpfs;

,g]g{r]rpfs; jhf;fpa ,l';fspy;kpf Ez;zpa btz; g[s;spfs;fhzg]gLk;. gpd;/ ,g]g[s;spfs;xd;whf ,iza[k; gl;rj;jpy;,iyfs; k";rs; fye;j rptg]g[epwkhf khwp fha;e;J tpLk;.,g]g{r]rpfs; njd; nghd;w fHpt[g;bghUis btspnaw;Wtjhy;fUg]g[ epw g{rzk; ,iyfspd;kPJ tsUk;. ,f;fHpt[ jputk;tpGe;j fha;fspy; gUj;jpapd;epwk; khWk;. bts;is </ ,iyRUl;L itu!; nehia gug]g[k;fhuzpahf bray;gLfpwJ.

btz;il/ g[ifapiy/

jf;fhsp/ kpsfha;/

fj;jhp/ Nhpafhe;jp/

epyf;fliy/ vs;/ gaW

kw;Wk; g{rzp tiffs;

<. bts;is <

fha;fspypUe;J rhw;iw

cwp";Rk;. mjdhy; fha;

fspd; tsh]r ]rp Fd;Wk;.

fha;fs; rhpahf btof;fhky;

cs;spUf;Fk; g";R rptg]g[f;

fiwgl;lJ nghd;W epwk;

khWk;. fha;fspYs;s

tpijfs; RU';fptpLk;.

bre;ehtha;g]

g{r]rp kw;Wk;

rhk;gy; epw

ehtha;g] g{r]rp

Kl;ilapypUe;J btsptUk;

Kjy; epiyg] g[G ,iyapd; mog]

ghfj;jpYs;s gr]iraj;ijr]

Ruz;o jpz;qk;. ,jdhy;

jhf;fg]gl;l ,iyfs; ry;yil

nghd;W fhzg]gLk;. ehsiltpy;

,iyfs; fUfp tpLk;. g[G

bghpajhf/ Mf ,iyfisj;

jpz;qk;. ,iyfspy; rpW rpW

Jthu';fs; Vw;gLk;. tsh]e;j

g[Gf;fs; ,iyfis KGtJkhf

nrjg]gLj;Jk;. ,jdhy;/ broapd;

,iy euk;g[fs;/ jz;L/ fpisfs;

kl;Lnk v";rp epw;Fk;. rg]ig/ g{

bkhf;Ffs;/ gp";Rf; fha;fs;

cjph]e;J tpLk;.

gy gaph]fisj;

jhf;Fk;.

II

g[buhOdpah

g[G

m.

t.vz; mwpFwpfs; kw;w gaph]fs;

c.

,iyfisj; jpz;qk; g{r]rpfs;

-


37kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

jPtpu jhf;FjYf;F cz;lhd

broapy; ,iy euk;g[ jtpu

kw;w ghfj;ij nrjg]gLj;Jk;.

mndhkp!;

kw;Wk;

mf;nfhd;rpah

g[G

M.

,iyfis RUl;o rpW fz;L

nghd;w mikg;ig Vw;gLj;jp

mjDs; ,Ue;J bfhz;nl

,iyfis cl;bfhs;Sk;.

-

,iy

RUl;Lg; g[G

,.

jhf;Fjypd; Muk;gj;jpy; ,g]g[G

broapd; FUj;J ghfj;ijj;

jhf;Fk;. brofspd; Edp tho

fha;e;J tpLk;. bkhf;Ffs;/ g{

bkhl;Lfs;/ ,s';fha;fs;

bgUkst[ jhf;fg]gLk;. tsh]e;j

fha]fspy; ,g]g[Gf;fs; cl;

brd;W tpijfisj; jpd;W

ehrg]gLj;Jk;.

btz;il

III

g[s;spf;fha;

g[G

m.

,se;jsph]fs;/ ,iyfs;/

rg]igfs;/ g{f;fs;/ gp";Rf;fha]fs;

Mfpad jhf;FjYf;F cs;shFk;.

g[Gf;fs; rg]ig/ g{ kw;Wk;

fha;fspy; Jisfs; cz;lhf;fp

jiyia kl;Lk; cl;brYj;jp

cs;spUf;Fk; ghfj;ij cz;qk;.

jiyiaj] jtpu kw;w

clw;ghf';fs; btspapy;

fhzg]gLk;. jhf;fg]gl;l brofspd;

moapy; fHpt[g] bghUl;fs;

js;sg]gl;oUf;Fk;. xU g[G gy

fha;fisj; jhf;fp ehrg]gLj;Jk;.

btz;il/ jf;fhsp/ gaW

tiffs;/ bfhz;ilf;

fliy/ Nhpafhe;jp/

nrhsk; kw;Wk; kf;fhr]

nrhsk;

gr]irf;fha;g]

g[G

M.

,sk;g[Gf;fs; g{ bkhf;Ffs;/

g{f;fs; kw;Wk; gp";Rf]fha;fis

nrjg]gLj;Jk;.

g{f;fisj; jhf;fp/ mjpYs;s

kfue;jf]FHy;/ Ny;

Mfpatw;iw cz;qk;.

jhf;fg]gl;l g{ bkhf;Ffs;

kyuhky; ,jH;fs; gpd;dg]gl;L

cjph]e;J tpLfpd;wd.

btz;il/ fj;jhp kw;Wk;

gaW tiffs;

,s";rptg]g[f;

fha;g]g[G

,.

t.vz; mwpFwpfs; kw;w gaph]fs;g{r;rpfs;

fha;g]g[Gf;fs;

-


38kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

nkw;fz;lthW jhf;FjYf;F cs;shFk; gUj;jpapy;/ jhf;Fjypd;

jPtpuj;jpw;nfw;g kfNy; ,Hg]g[ Vw;gLk;. kw;w gaph]fisa[k; gUj;jp g{r]rpfs;

jhf;Ftjhy;/ ,g]gaph]fisf; Toa kl;Lk; gUj;jp taYf;F mUfhikapYk;/

gaph] RHw;rp KiwapYk;/ khw;Wg] gaph]j; jpl;lj;jpYk; nrh]f;fhky; kw;w

gaph]fis rhFgo bra;jy; ey;yJ. Vbddpy;/ gUj;jp bro ,y;iybad;whYk;

Fwpg ]g plg ]gl ;l gaph ]fspy ; j';fp / j';fs; ,d';fis tsh]j ;J

bgUf;fpf;bfhz;oUf;Fk;. kPz;Lk; gUj;jp gaphpLk; nghJ fl;Lg]gLj;Jk;

Kiwfis rhpahf ifahshj nghJ jhf;Fjy; mjpfkhFk;. ,jdhy;

g{r]rpfisf; fl;Lg]gLj;Jk; bryt[ mjpfkhfpwJ.

gUj;jp kw;Wk; kw;w gaph]fs; gaphpLk; gFjpfspy; gUj;jpfisj; jhf;Fk;

g{r]rpfspd; elkhl;lk; fz;fhzpf;fg]gl ntz;Lk;.

fha;g]g[Gf;fSf;F vjph]g]g[j; jpwd; bfhz;l gp.o. (Bt) gUj;jp tpijfis

cgnahfg]gLj;jp/ fPH;f;fz;l bray;Kiwfis bra;J gaph] ghJfhg]g[

bryt[fisf; Fiwf;fyhk;.

(1) tpsf;Fg] bghwp

mjpf nrjj;ijf; bfhLf;Fk; g[buhOdpah/ g[s;spf; fha;g]g[G kw;Wk;

gr]irf; fha;g]g[Gf;fis fz;fhzpf;f Ie;J Vf;fh]fSf;F xd;W vd;w

fha;fspd; Edpapy; Jis

apl;L cl;bry;Yk;. ,j;Jthuk;

ehsiltpy; milf;fg]gl;L

tpLk;. ,jdhy; ,g]g[Gtpd;

jhf;Fjiy mwptJ Ryg

ky;y. fhapDs; g [Gf;fs;

tpijfisj; jpz;qk;.

tz;L jhf;fpa ,sk; broapd;

jz;od; mog]ghfj;jpy; tPf;fk;

Vw;gl;oUf;Fk;. broapd;

tsh]r]rp Fd;wptpLk;.

tz;Lfs;

m. jz;Lf;Td;

tz;L

,iyfspy; rpWJthu';fs;

Vw;gLj;jpa[k; Xu';fisf;

foj;Jk; nrjk; cz;lhf;FfpwJ.

brofs; tho ,Uf;Fk;.

M. rhk;gy;

tz;L

t.vz; mwpFwpfs; kw;w gaph]fs;g{r;rpfs;

IV

-

-


39kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

vz;zpf;ifapy; btz;zpw tpsf;Fg] bghwp/ Kd;dputpy; vwpatpl;L/ me;Jg]

g{r]rpfis fth]e;jpGj;J ,wf;fr] bra;ayhk;. ,jdhy;/ g{r]rpfspd; elkhl;lk;

fz;fhzpf;fg]gLk;. me;Jg] g{r]rpfs; fth]e;jpGf;fg]gl;L mHpf;fg]gLtjhy;

,g]g{r]rpfs; bgUFjy; Fiwf;fg]gLk;.

(2) ,df;fth]r]rpg] bghwp

g[buhOdpah kw;Wk; fha;g]g[Gf;fspd; Mz; me;Jg] g{r]rpfis fth]e;jHpf;f

xU Vf;fUf;F Ie;J ,df;fth]r ]rpg ] bghwpfis mikj;J mtw;wpd;

elkhl;lj;ijf; fz;fhzpf;fyhk;.

(3) Mkzf;F - tug]g[g] gaph]

gUj;jp taypy; tha;f;fhy; kw;Wk; tug]g[ Xug]gapuhf Mkzf;F gaph]

CLgapuhf tsh]f;fyhk;. ,jdhy;/ g[buhOdpah me;Jg] g{r]rp Mkzf;fpd;

,se;jsphpy; Ftpayhf Kl;ilapLk;. Kl;ilapypUe;J btsptUk;

,sepiyg]g[G Mkzf;fpd; jsph] ,iyiar] Ruz;o jpz;qk;. ,jdhy; jsph]

,iy ry;yil nghd;W fhzg]gLk;. Ftpayhd ,sepiyg] g[Gf;fis

Kjph]e;j ,iyfisf; bfhz;L nja;j;J mHpf;fyhk;.

(4) k";rs; tz;z lg]gh xl;Lk; bghwp

bts;is < elkhl;lj;ijf; fz;fhzpf;f/ xU Vf;fUf;F Ie;J vd;w

vz;zpf;ifapy; k";rs; tz;z xl;Lg] bghwpfs; itf;fyhk;.

rpwpa jfu lg]ghf;fspy; ey;y k";rs; tz;zj;ijg] g{rp/ fha;e;j gpwF

mjd; kPJ Mkzf;F vz;bza;iaj; (tpsf;bfz;bza;) jltp/ jiu

kl;lj;jpypUe;J xU mo cauj;jpy; ,Uf;FkhW M';fh';F itf;f ntz;Lk;.

k";rs; tz;zj;jpy ; ftug ]gl ;l bts;is </ gwe ;J te;J

Mkzf;bfz;bza]apy; xl;of; bfhs;Sk;. ,t;thW bts;is <apd;

elkhl;lj;ij mwpayhk;.

gUj;jpiaj; jhf;Fk; g{r]rpfis cz;qk; ,aw;if vjphpg] g{r]rpfspd;

tsh]r]rp kw;Wk; vz;zpf;ifia ghjpf;fhj tz;zk; caphp g{r]rp bfhy;ypfis

(Bio Pesticide) cgnahfpf;f ntz;Lk;. ,aw;ifapy; g[s;sp bghwp tz;L

mRtpzpia czthf cl;bfhs;Sk;/ fpiunrhgh/ fUg]g[ vWk;g[ kw;Wk;

rpye;jpfs; jj;Jg]g{r]rpfis czthf cl;bfhs;Sk;. Mf/ gapiuj; jhf;Fk;

g{r ]rpfisf; fl;Lg]gLj;j ,urhad kUe;JfSf;F Kd; caphp g{r ]rp

bfhy;ypfis cgnahfg]gLj;jp g{r]rpfisf; fl;Lf;Fs; itf;f ntz;Lk;.

rhW cwp";Rk; g{r ]rpfs; kw;Wk; ,iyia cz;qk; g{r ]rpfis

fl;Lg]gLj;j ntg]g';bfhl;il toePh] (extract) 5 rjk; (40 ypl;lh] jz;zPhpy; 50


40kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

fpnyh ntg]g';bfhl;ilj; J}s;) my;yJ ntg]bgz;bza; nrhg]ig 40 ypl;lh]

ePhpy; fiuj;Jk; bjspf;fyhk;.

g[buhOdpah g[Gf;fis mHpf;f vd;gptp er]Raphpia/ xU Vf;fUf;F/

itu!; nehahy; ,we;j Rkhh] 300 g[Gf;fs; vd;w mstpy; fye;J khiy

ntisapy; bjspf;fyhk;.

fha;g]g[Gf;fis Kl;ilapnyna mHpf;f Kl;il xl;Lz;zpahd

oiuf;nfhfpuk;khit Vf;fUf;F 2.5 rp.rp. tPjk; 15 ehs; ,ilbtspapy;/ \d;W

Kiw gaphpd; 45Mk; ehspypUe;J gUj;jp taypy; tpl ntz;Lk;.

fha;g]g[G Kl;il kw;Wk; g[Gf;fis ,iwahf cz;qk; fpiunrhgh

kw;Wk; oiuf;nfhfpuk;khit Vf;fUf;F 2.5 rp.rp tPjk; 15 ehs; ,ilbtspapy;/

\d;W Kiw gaphpd; 45 Mk; ehspypUe;J gUj;jp taypy; tpl ntz;Lk;.

g{r]rpfspd; Kl;ilfis tpijapnyna mHpf;f/ mlh] fe;jf mkpy tpij

neh]j;jpbra;J g";R ePf;fp njh]e;bjLf;fg]gl;l tpijfis Cd;WtJ rpwe;jJ.

,jdhy; bghf;fpd;wp tpij Kisj;J gaph] vz;zpf;ifiaa[k; guhkhpf;f

Koa[k;.

rhW cwp";Rk; g{r]rpfisf; fl;Lg]gLj;j ,kplhFnshg]hpl; tpij neh]j;jp

(g";R ePf;fg]gl;l tpijfisf; bfhz;L) bra;j tpijfis cgnahfpf;ft[k;.

,jw;F xU fpnyh g";R ePf;fpa tpija[ld; 3 fpuhk; ghypnfhl;/ 2 fpuhk;

fhh]bgz;lhrpk;/ 7 fpuhk; ,kplhFnshg]hpl;/ 10 fpuhk; Nnlhnkhdh!;

g]nshurd;!; kw;Wk; 40 fpuhk; mnrhgh!; fye;J tpijf;Fk; Kd; jahhpj;jy;

ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; g{r]rp neha; jhf;fhky; gUj;jp bro ed;F tsUk;.

nkw;Twg]gl;l Kiwfisf; fil gpoj;j gpd;Dk; g{r]rpj;bjhy;iy

,Uf;Fkhdhy;/ ,aw;ifahd vjphpg] g{r]rpfSf;F bjhy;iy juhj ,urhad

kUe;Jfis (Vf;fUf;F 800 kp.yp. vd;nlhry;ghd; 30 ,.rp/ 1 ypl;lh] ghrnyhd;

35 ,.rp/ 1 ypl;lh] !;igndhnrl;) bjspf;f ntz;Lk;. braw;if ighpj;jpuha;L

g{r]rp bfhy;ypfisj; jtph]f;f ntz;Lk;. jf;f mstpy;/ jf;f fhyj;jpy; bjspj;J

g{r]rpfisf; fl;Lf;Fs; itf;fyhk;.

,t;thW nkw;bfhs;sg]gLk; g{r]rp fl;Lg]ghl;lhy; Rw;Wr]NHy; ghjpg]g[k;

Fiwa[k;;; gaph] ghJfhg]g[f;fhFk; bryt[k; Fiwa[k;.

��


41kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

thiHapy; mWtilf;Fg; gpe;ija bjhHpy;

El;g';fSk; kjpg;g{l;lg]gl;l bghUl;fSk;

tp. bghd;Drhkp/ k. ftpbeh kw;Wk; Mh]. vk;. tpIaFkhh]

njhl;lf;fiyf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha]r]rp epiyak;

jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfk;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 003

bjhiyngrp vz: : 0422 - 6611269

mWtilf;F Kd;dUk; mjd; gpd;dUk;/ ehk; nkw;bfhs;Sk; rhpahd

bjhHpy; El;g';fns gH';fspd; thH;ehis mjpfhpf;f kpf mtrpakhfpwJ.

,tw;wpw;fhd bjhHpy; El;g';fis rhpahf ifahshj fhuzj;jhy; 18ypUe;J

20 rjk; thiH tPzhfpwJ. mjhtJ 1.73-2.2 kpy;ypad; ld;fs; gHk; bkhj;j

cw;gj;jpapy; tPzhfpwJ. vdnt rhpahd bjhHpy; El;gj;ijf; ifahStjd;

\yk; thiHapd; thH;ehis mjpfhpj;J ePz;l J}uj;jpw;F vLj;Jr] bry;y Koa[k;.

jw;bghGJ tptrhapfs] cs]~h; re;ijfSf;F vLj;Jr; bry;Yk; bghGJ

thiHj;jhiu thiH ,iy bfhz;nlh my;yJ ghypj;jPd; igahy; KGtJk;

\onah vLj;Jr; bry;fpd;wdh]. mt;thW bry;tjhy; gazj;jpd; nghJ Vw;gLk;

nrjj;ij Xust[ jtph]f;f Koa[k;. Mdhy; Vw;Wkjp bra;a[k; bghGJ gH';fSf;F

nrjk; tpistpf;fhtz;zk; nkL/ gs;s';fs; bfhz;L jahhpf ;fg ;gl ;l

ml;ilg] bgl;ofspy; milj;J mDg]g ntz;Lk;.

,e;j bgl;ofs; 57 x 30 x 22.5 br.kP. mst[ilaJ. ,jpy; 1.3 br.kP.

tpl;lKila 10 rpW FHpfs; ,Uf;Fk;. ,jpy; thiH rPg]g[fis mjd; mog;ghfk;

fPHpUf;FkhWk;/ fha;fs; nky; nehf;fp ,Uf;FkhWk; ePs thf;fpy; mLf;f

ntz;Lk;. ,tw;iw g[if tz;oapd; \yk; mDg;g[k; nghJ xd;wpd; nky; xd;whf

9 bgl;ofs; ,Uf;FkhW mLf;f ntz;Lk;. 10 ld; bfhs;sst[s;s bgl;oapy;

100 thiHg; bgl;ofis mLf;f Koa[k;. xU ouf;fpy; Fiwe;jJ ,j;jifa

bgl;ofis 350 tiu mLf;f Koa[k;.

nghJkhd btg;gepiy

thiHg]gH';fis 13o bry;rpa!;f;F fPH; cs;s btg]gepiyapy; itj;J

nrkpf;Fk; bghGJ gHj;jpd; njhypy; fUg;g[ epw g[s;spfs; njhd;Wk;. ,J

Fiwe;j btg;g epiyahy; Vw;gLk; FiwghlhFk;. ,f;Fiwghl;Lila gH';fs;

gGj;j gpd;dUk; mjd; njhy; fodkhf ,Uf;Fk;. nkYk; ,g;gH';fs; vspjpy;

g{rz neha;j; jhf;FjYf;F Mshfpd;wd. vdnt ,e;j btg;gepiy gH';fis

nrkpf;f Vw;wjy;y.

buhg!;lh kw;Wk; Fs;s thiHj;jhh]fs; 3/4 ghfk; tpisr;rypd; nghJ

mjhtJ g{j;j 100 ehl;fSf;Fg; gpd;dhy; btl;o Kd; nrkpg;g[ neh;j;jpahf

1000 gp.gp.vk; jnahbgd;l;nrhy; vd;w kUe;jpy; jhhpypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;l

rPg;g[fis eidj;J nrkpf;f ntz;Lk;. mt;thW nrkpf;Fk; bghGJ jhh;fis

mjpf gl;rkhf 28 ehl;fs; 13-15o bry;rpa!; btg]gepiyapy; ve;jtpj nrjKk;

,y;yhky; nrkpf;f Koa[k;. 13ypUe;J 15o bry;rpa!; btg]gepiya[k;/ 80-90


42kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

rjk; fhw;wpd; <ug;gjKk; gH';fis nrkpg;gjw;F Vw;w NH;epiyahFk;.

btg;gepiy mjpfhpg]gjhy; gH';fs; tpiue;J gGj;J tpLfpd;wd.

thiHg;gH';fspd; ,Ug;g[j;jpwid mjpfhpf;f bra;a[k; El;g';fs;

1. bkGF g{Rjy;

bkGfpLjy; vd;gJ gH';fspd; thH;ehis mjpfhpf;Fk; Kf;fpakhd

rpwe;j KiwahFk;. 6 rj bkGF fiurypy; rPg ;g [fis 30-60 tpehofs;

eidj;J vLf;f ntz;Lk; . ,t;thW bra;tjhy; gH';fs; gGg ;gJ

jilgLtJld;mjd; kzKk;/ Rita[k; mjpfhpf;Fk;. ,jid 12 rj bkGfpy;

kPz;Lk; xU Kiw eidj;J vLf;Fk; bghGJ gH';fspd; thH;ehis 5

thu';fSf;F nky; ePl;of;f Koa[k;.

2. vj;jpyPd; cwp";rpfs;

thiH rPg ;g[fis ghypj ;jPd; igfspy; 50 fpuhk; bghl;lhrpak;

bgh;kh';fndl;Lld; nrkpf;Fk; bghGJ Fiwe;j btg;gepiyahd 13-15o

bry;rpa!; btg;gepiyapy; 4 thu';fSk;/ btsp miw btg;gepiyapy; 2

thu';fSk; gH';fis gGf;fhky; ghJfhf;f Koa[k;.

3. ghypj;jPd; igfshy; \Ljy;

gH';fis fhw;nwhl;lkpy;yhj ghypj;jPd; igfisf; bfhz;L \Lk;

nghJ gH';fs; g{rz neha;j; jhf;FjYf;Fs;shfpd;wd. 100 fh$; jokDs;s

ghypj;jPd; igfspy; 2 rj fhw;nwhl;l trjp bra;J gH';fis \Lk; nghJ

btspmiw btg;gepiyapYk;/ Fiwe;j btg;gepiyapYk; (13-15obry;rpa!;)gH';fis 21 ehl;fs; Kjy; 28 ehl;fs; tiu ghJfhf;f Koa[k;.

thiHg;gH';fspd; ,Ug;g[j;jpwid mjpfhpg;gjpy; jhtu';fspd; g';F

nfhnfh ,iy my;yJ ckpa[ld; nrh;j;J thiH rPg;g[fis Fwpg;ghf

rikaYf;fhd thiHia igfspy; nrkpf;Fk; bghGJ 30.2o bry;rpa!;

btg ;gepiyapy ; ,U thu';fSk;/ 20.2o bry;r pa!; btg ;gepiyapy;

4 thu';fSk; ve;jtpj juf;Fiwt[ ,y;yhky; nrkpf;f Koa[k;.

thiHj;jhh]fis \Ltjw;F Cjh epw igfisf; fhl;oYk; bts;is

epwg; igfns rpwe;jit. ,g;igfspy; milg;gjd; \yk; gGg;gjw;F vLj;Jf;

bfhs;Sk; ehl;fSk;/ gH';fspd; ghjpg;g[k; Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;. ,j;jifa

igfs; Fsph; gpunjrj;jpy; tsh;f;fg;gLk; jhh;fSf;F kpft[k; cgnahfkhdJ.

thiHapypUe;J bgwg;gLk; gpw tpisbghUl;fs;

thiHg;gHj;jpypUe;J gy;ntW bghUl;fs; jahhpf;fg]gLfpwJ. mtw;wpy;

kiy thiHapypUe;J jahhpf;fg;gLk; g";rhkph;jk; Kjd;ikahdJ. ,it

lg;ghf;fspy; milf;fg]gl;L nrkpj;J itf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; thH;ehSk;

kpft[k ; mjpfk;. nee;jpud; thiHapypUe;J jahhpf ;fg ;gLk; rpg ;!; ehL

KGtJk; gpugyk;. kQhuh#;ouh khepyj;jpy; cyu itf;fg;gl;l thiHg;

gH';fs; g [fH; tha;e ;jit. nee;jpud; kw;Wk; Fd;dd; thiHapypUe;J

jahhpf ;fg ;gLk; kht[/ FHe;ijfSf;F rpwe ;j czthf nfushtpy ;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.


43kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

kjpg;g{l;lg;gl;l czt[g; bghUl;fs;

Kf;fdpfspy ; xd;whd thiHg; gHk; “ViHfspd; gHk;” vd;W

miHf;fg;gLfpwJ. cyfpy; thiH cw;gj;jpapy; 11 tpGf;fhL ,e;jpahtpy;

cw;gj;jp bra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpd; bkhj;j thiH cw;gj;jpapy; 25

tpGf;fhL thiH jkpHfj;jpypUe;nj fpilf;fpwJ. ekJ ehl;L thiHg;

gHj;jpw;F u#pah/ $g;ghd; nghd;w ehLfspy; ey;y tuntw;g[ cs;sJ.

Fwpg;ghf nkhhP!; thiHf;F mjpf fpuhf;fp cs;sJ.

thiHapy; 600-f;Fk; nkw;gl;l ,uf';fs; cs;sd. mtw;Ws; tpahghu

hPjpahf rhFgo bra;ag;gLk; ,uf';fs; g{td;/ u!;jhsp buhg!;lh/ bkhe;jd;/

ehl;L thiH/ gr;ir ehld;/ fw;g{uty;yp/ tpUg;ghr;rp/ brt;thiH/ nee;jpud;

kw;Wk; kl;o Mfpa ,uf';fshFk;. E}W fpuhk; thiHg; gHj;jpy; 1.2 fpuhk;

g[ujr; rj;Jk;/ 78 kp. fpuhk; caph;r;rj;J “V” t[k;/ 0.4 fpuhk; ehh;r;rj;Jk; cs;sd.

thiHg;gHk; Mz;L KGtJk; fpilf;fpwJ. ,Ue;jhYk; rpy Fwpg;gpl;l

gUt';fspy; mjpf mstpy; cw;gj;jpahfpwJ. khk;gHk; cw;gj;jpahFk;

gUt';fspy; thiHg;gH tpw;gid jilg;gLtJ ,aw;if. thiHg;gHk; gGj;j

gpd;g[ ePz;l ehl;fSf;F mg;gona ghJfhj;J itf;ft[k; ,ayhJ. vdnt

gH';fis kjpg;g[ kpFe;j khw;Wg] bghUshf khw;Wtjd; \yk; gH';fs;

tPzhtijj; jLf;fyhk;. thiHg]gHj;jpy; gy tifahd gjg;gLj;jg;gl;l

czt[g; gz;l';fisj; jahhpf;fyhk;.

cyh; thiHg;gHk;/ rh;f;fiuf; fiury;/ bfl;rg;/ $hk;/ b$y;yp/ gHg;bgho/

,iz czt[/ nrkpah/ ,oahg;gk;/ gHg]ghdk;/ bkd;ghdk;/ nrhah fye;j

bkd;ghdk;/ bkhe;j thiHf;fha;g; bgho/ mg]gsk; kw;Wk; rpg;!; Mfpaitfisj;

jahhpj;J tpw;gid bra;ayhk;. ,jdhy; gH';fs; tPzhtijj; jLj;J

cw;gj;jpahsh]fSf;F ey;y tpiy fpilf;f bra;ayhk;. ,jw;Fz;lhd Foirj;

bjhHpiya[k; cz;lhf;fyhk;. ,jdhy; ntiy tha;g;g[k; fpilf;fpwJ.

nkYk; ,dpg;g[g; gdpahuk;/ ,dpg;g[ mil Kjypait bra;a[k; nghJ me;j

khtpy; thiHg;gHk; nrh;j;Jj; jahhpf;fyhk;. mJ nghynt gnuhl;lh my;yJ

rg;ghj;jp bra;a[k; nghJ xU fpnyh kht[f;F xU thiHg;gHk; vd;w mstpy;

fye;jhy; gnuhl;lh kw;Wk; rg;ghj;jp kpft[k; bkd;ikahf ,Uf;Fk;. ,t;thW

thiHg; gHj;jpidf; bfhz;L gw;gy gjhh;j;j';fisj; jahhpf;fyhk;.

,d;Wk; thiH kuk; kw;Wk; mjd; ,iy/ jz;L/ g{/ fha; nghd;w midj;J

ghf';fSk; ekf;F czthfpd;wd. thiHj; jz;L/ g{ Kjypad rpWePuff;fy;

nghd;w neha;fisf; Fzg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. thiHg;gHk; / gr ;r psk;

FHe;ijfspd; grpiag; nghf;Ftjpy; jdpr;rpwg;g[ tha;e;jJ. ehk; xUtiu

thH;j ;Jk ; nghJ Tl “thiHao thiHbad” e Pz;l ehl ;fs; thH

thH;j;Jfpnwhk;. thiHg]gHk; mWtil bra;j gpwFk; mjpy; fpilf;Fk; ehh;

g{ fl;lt[k; nkYk; gy my';fhug] bghUl;fisj; jahh; bra;at[k; gad;gLfpwJ.

g{tpdhy; kzk;bgWk; ehh; nghy thiH gaphpLtjhy; ehKk;/ ekJ ehLk;

gad;bgWjy; epr]rak;.


44kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

ePh]ts epytsj; jpl;lk; - brk;ik bey; rhFgo

btw;wpf;fij

vdJ bgah] P.gh!;fud;. ehd; nryk; khtl;lk; Mj;J}h] tl;lk; Jk;gy;

fpuhkj;ij nrh]e;jtd;. vdJ fpuhkj;jpy; jkpHf murpd; ePh]ts epytsj;

jpl;lk; \yk; jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk; v';fSf;F g[jpa

rhFgo bjhHpy;El;g';fis brhy;ypbfhLj;J tUfpwJ. ,jpy; Kjd;ikahf

brk;ik bey; rhFgo vd;w g[jpa bey; rhFgo Kiwia/ neuoahft[k;/

gapw ;rpfs; \ykhft[k;/ jFe;j ntshz;ik KJfiy gl;ljhhpfs;

Jiza[lDk; fw;W je;jpUf;fpwJ.

brk;ik bey; rhFgo Kiw Kw;wpYk; v';fSf;F g[jpaJ. ,e;j Kiwapy;

eltpypUe;J mWtil tiu Kw;wpYk; g[jpa bjhHpy; El;g';fis filgpof;f

ntz;oa[s;sJ.

,jdhy; ntiyahl;fs;/ bghUs; bryt[ Fiwe;J ,yhgk; mjpfhpf;fpwJ.

tpij bey; mst[ \d;W fpnyh msnt njitg]gLfpwJ. ,jd; \yk; xU

Vf;fUf;F 27 Kjy; 30 fpnyh tpij kPjkhfpwJ.

Kjypy; taiy ed;F khl;od; cjtpnahL guk;goj;J rkg]gLj;jpndd;.

ehw;w';fhy; cw;gj;jpf;F Fiwthd ,lnk nghJkhdJ. gaph] elt[ rJu

Kiwapy; 25 x 25 br.kP. vd;gjhy; elt[ Ml;fSf;F ntiy Fiwtjhf

czh]e;jhh]fs;. Rkhh] 10 Ml;fs; xU ehspy; xU Vf;fh] mstpy; eLfpwhh]fs;.

14 my;yJ 15k; ehspy; ,sk; ehw;whf vLj;J itg]gjhy; ed;F J}h] fl;LfpwJ.

xU J}hpy; Rkhh] 50 Kjy; 60f;Fk; nkyhd gaph]fs; tUfpd;wd.

giHa Kiwapy; 25 Kjy; 30 ehspy; gaph] elt[ bra;njd;. xU Fj;Jf;F 8

Kjy; 10 gaph] elt[ bra;njd;. mJ 20 my;yJ 25 gaph]fshf khWk;. brk;ik

bey; rhFgo Kiwapy; jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk;/ xnu xU

gapiu kl;Lk; ntnuhLk;/ kz;nzhLk; el brhd;dhh]fs;. mjd;go elt[

bra;jjpy; xU J}hpy; Rkhh] 50 - 60 gaph]fs; tUfpd;wd. vdf;F Mr]rhpakhft[k;/

mjprakhft[k; ,Uf;fpwJ. nkYk; gaph] jog]ghft[k;/ bey; kzpfs; mjpf

vz;zpf;ifapYk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

brk;ik bey; rhFgoapy; kpf Kf;fpakhdJ tay; jahhpg ]g [k ; /

ehw;w';fhy; guhkhpg]g[k; jhd;. ehd; vdJ taypy; 3 Kiw cHt[ bra;J ed;F

rkg]gLj;jpndd;. taypd; xU Xuj;jpy; Rkhh] miu brd;l; mstpw;F

ehw;w';fhy; jahh] bra;njd;. Kjypy; 15 cug]igfis gphpj;J vLj;Jf]

bfhz;nld;. cug]igfspd; ePs mfyj;jpw;F Vw;g rw;W nklhf;fpndd;

(1 ,";r;). mjd; gpd; igfis tphpj;njd;. 3 m';Fy cauk; nrW nghl;L

nklhf;fpndd;. mjpy; 1 fpnyh o.V.gp. kw;Wk; 20 fpnyh kl;fpa bjhGcuk;


45kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

,l;L fyf;fp/ gpd; rkd; bra;J/ Kisj;j bey;ypid J}tpndd;. xU Vf;fUf;F

3 fpnyh tpij kl;Lk; nghJk;. gpwF jpdrhp ePh] bjspj;njd.; 14k; ehs; ed;F

tsh]e;j (Rkhh] 2.5 m';Fyk;) ehw;iw kz;nzhL vLj;J elt[ bra;njd;.

elt[ bra;j 15/25/35k; ehspy; fis ePf;Fk; fUtp \yk; fisfis nrw;wpy;

mKf;fp mGf bra;njd;. jg;gpa fisfis gaph] Xuk; iffshy; gpL';fpndd;.

,jdhy; 5 Ml;fs; xU ehspy; xU Vf;fh] fis vLf;f Koa[k;. kw;w cuk;/

g{r]rp kUe;Jfis jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHf tp";"hdpfspd;

ghpe;Jiugo bjspj;njd;.

gy;fiyf] fHf gl;ljhhp fsg]gzpahsh]fs; \yk; gr]irak; ghpnrhjid

bra;a[k; ,iy gr]ir tz;z ml;il cgnahfpf;Fk; Kiwia mwpe;J mjd;

\yk; cukpLk; (a{hpah) Kiwia bjhpe;J bfhz;nld;. mjd;go njitf;nfw;g

cukpl KofpwJ.

ehd; V.O.o. 39 vd;w FWfpa fhy bey; ,ufj;ijg] gad;gLj;jpndd;. ed;F

rkg]gLj;Jtjhy; Fiwthd ePiuna gad;gLj;jpndd;. Kw;wpYk; jz;zPh]

kiwe;j gpd;dnu ePh] gha;r]rpndd;.

Kjypy; ePz;l nahrpg]gpw;F gpd;dnu mJt[k; FHk;gpa epiyapy;/ brk;ik

bey; rhFgo Kiwf;F khwpndd;. jw ;nghJ kpft[k ; bjspthft[k ; /

kfpH;r]rpahft[k; cs;nsd;. Vbdd;why;/

1. Fiwe;j tpijapd; \yk; ,yhgk; fpilf;fpwJ

2. jz;zPh] Fiwthy; twl;rpapYk; bey; rhFgo bra;ayhk; vd;w ek;gpf;if

3. gaph] el/ fisvLf;f/ ehw;w';fhy; jahhpf;f ntiyahl;fs; Fiwtjhy;

,yhgk;fpilf;fpwJ

4. cu bryt[ Fiwthy; ,yhgk; fpilf;fpwJ

5. gaph] jog]ghft[k;/ caukhft[k; ,Ug]gjhy; TLjy; itf;nfhy; fpilf;fpwJ

J}h]fspy; bey; kzpfs; mjpf vz;zpf;if

jw;nghJ cs;s fjph]fis ghh]f;Fk; nghJ 200f;Fk; nkw;gl;l kzpfs;

fjph]fspy; cs;sJ. mjdhy; epr]rak; TLjy; kfNy; fpilf;Fk; vd;W vjph]

ghh]f;fpnwd;.

kdjstpy; jaf;fj;ij ePf;fp ,k;Kiwapy; midtUk; gaph] bra;jhy;

TLjy; kfNy; vLj;J TLjy; ,yhgk; ghh]f;fyhk; vd;W cWjpgl Twyhk;.

,ij vdf;F brhd;d jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfj;jpw;F

be";rhh]e;j ed;wpiaj; bjhptpj;Jf; bfhs;fpnwd;.

bjhFg]g[ :Kidth] br. khzpf;fk; kw;Wk; Kidth] r. bt';fnlrd;

kuts;sp kw;Wk; Mkzf;F Muha;r]rp epiyak;/ Vj;jhg]g{h]. nr


46kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

cly; Mnuhf;fpa nkk;ghl;ow;fhd FWjhdpa';fs;

rP. kndhfud;/ m. eph;ky Fkhhp kw;Wk; g.njtd;

rpWjhdpa Jiw

jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfk;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h;

bjhiyngrp vz; : 0422 - 2450507

ekJ ,e;jpa ehl;L kf;fs; mhprp kw;Wk; nfhJikiaj;jhd; Kf;fpa

czthf ehs;njhWk; gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;fs;. ,jpy; kht[r]rj;J jhd; mjpfkhf

cs;sJ. ,jdhy; cly; tsh;r;rpf;Fj; njitahd vy;yhr; rj;Jf;fisa[k;

bgwKoahky; neha;fspdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwhh;fs;. nfH;tuF/ jpid/ rhik/

tuF/ gdptuF kw;Wk; Fjpiuthyp Mfpa gaph;fs; FWjhdpag; gaph;fshFk;.

,tw;wpy; cs;s czt[r]rj;Jf;fs; kw;w jhdpa';fisf; fhl;oYk; kpft[k;

rpwe;jjhf cs;sjhy;/ kf;fspd; ftdk; FWjhdpag; gaph;fspd; ghy;

<h;f;fg;gl;L jw;nghJ ,g;gaph;fs; ,e;jpa ehl;oy; kl;Lkpd;wp cyf ehLfs;

midj;jpYk; kpft[k; gpugykile;J tUfpd;wd.

nfH;tuF

FWjhdpa';fspy; nfH;tuF Kjyplk; tfpf;fpwJ. nfH;tuF jhdpaj;jpy;

7.8 Kjy; 13.0 tpGf;fhL tiu g[ujr;rj;J epiwe;Js;sJ. gGg;g[ my;yJ fUk;

gGg;g[f; nfH;tufpy; 7.8 fpuhk; g[ujKk; bts;is epwf; nfH;tufpy; 13 fpuhk;

g[ujKk; cs;sJ. ekf;F Fwpg;ghf FHe;ijfSf;F vYk;g[ kw;Wk; gw;fs;

ed;F tsuj; njitahd fhy;rpar; rj;J kw;w jhdpa';fis tpl nfH;tufpy;

100 fpuhkpw;F 344 kpy;yp fpuhk; vd;w mstpy; cs;sJ. nkYk;/ 4.0 fpuhk;

ehh]r]rj;J/ 1.4 fpuhk; rhk;gy; rj;J/ 283 kpy;yp fpuhk; gh!;gu!; rj;J/ itl;lkpd;

V fhuzpahd gPl;lh fnuhl;od; 42 kpy;yp fpuhk; mstpYk; kw;w jhdpa

tiffisf; fhl;oYk; nfH;tufpy; cs;sd. nkYk; 6.4 kpy;yp fpuhk; mstpy;

cs;s ,Uk;g[r; rj;Jf; Fiwtpdhy; Vw;gLk; ,uj;jnrhif nehiaj; jLf;f

cjt[k;. ,jpYs;s TLjyhd ehh]r]rj;J/ ,uj;jj;jpYs;s bfhy!;l;uhy;

vd;Dk; bfhGg]g[g] bghUs; cw;gj;jpiaj; jLf;fpwJ. Flypy;; njhd;Wk; g[w;W

nehiaj; jLf;fpwJ. ePhpHpt[ neha; cs;sth;fSf;F mhprpf;Fg; gjpy;

nfH;tuif cgnahfpg]gjd; \yk; rpWePhpy; cs;s rh]f;fiuapd; mst[

Fiwtjhf Ma;t[ Kot[fs; bjhptpf;fpd;wd. bgUk;ghYk; jha;khh;fs;

jha;g]ghy; Fiwa[k; nghJ nfH;tuFg] ghypy; rh]f;fiu fye;J FHe;ijfSf;F

Cl;o epk;kjp bgWfpwhh]fs;.


47kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

gdptuF

gdptufpy; kpff;bfl;oahd nknyhL nghd;w ckp 40 rjtPjk; ,Ug;gjhy;

kpff;Fiwthd gFjpna czthf cl;bfhs;tjw;F Vw;wjhfpwJ. ,jpy;

caph;rj;Jf;fSk;/ jhJ rj;Jf;fSk; kw;w rpWjhdpa';fis tplf; Fiwthd

mstpy; ,Ue;;jhYk; vspjpy; brhpf;ff;ToaJ. ,ij rhjkhf rikj;Jk;/

bghhpahf bra;Jk;/ khtpypUe;J rg;ghj;jp/ f";rp Kjypad jahhpj;Jk;

cz;zyhk;. FWjhdpa';fspy; mjpfg; g[ujr]rj;J epiwe;jJ gdptuF MFk;.

g[ujr]rj;J 12.5 fpuhk; mstpy; cs;sJ. ,j;jhdpaj;jpd; \yk; neha; vjph]g]g[

rf;jpa[s;s bghUl;fs; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. nkYk;/ ,jd; jhdpak; k";rs;

epwkhf ,Ug;gjhy; ,jid Kl;ilapLk; nfhHpfSf;F kf;fhr]nrhsj;jpw;Fg;

gjpyhf mspf;fyhk;.

rhik

ckp ePf;fpa gpd; ,j;jhdpaj;jpy; cz;zf;Toa gFjp 80 rjtPjk; njWk;.

ehh]g]gFjp mjpfkhft[k; (7.6 rjtPjk;) g[ujr;rj;J Fiwthft[k; (7.7 rjtPjk;)

cs;s rhik jhdpak; kw;w FWjhdpa';fisg; nghynt iyrpd; mkpndh

mkpyj;ij Fiwthfg ; bgw ]Ws;sJ. Mdhy; ghy; / gUg ;g[ Kjypa

g[ujr]rj;Jf;fis cztpy; nrh]j;Jf; bfhs;Sk; nghJ ,j;jhdpaj;jpd;

g[ujr]rj;jpd; kjpg]g[ mjpfhpf;fpwJ. nkYk; ,Uk;g[r;rj;J rhikapy; mjpfk;.

jhdpak;

ck

p ePf

;fpa

gpd

; c

zt

hFk

;

gF

jp (

%)

<ug

;gj

k; (

%)

g[uj

k; (

%)

bf

hGg

;g[(%

)

jhJ

cg

;g[f

;fs

; (%

)

ehh

; (%

)

kht

[r;r

j;J

f;f

s; (

%)

vhpbghUs; rf;jp (fpnyh fnyhhpfs;)

nfH;tuF 100 13.1 7.3 1.3 2.7 3.6 72.0 328

fk;g[ 84 12.4 11.6 5.0 2.3 1.2 67.5 361

jpid 79 11.2 12.3 4.3 3.3 8.0 60.9 331

gdptuF 59 11.9 12.5 1.1 1.9 2.2 70.4 341

rhik 66 11.5 7.7 4.7 1.5 7.6 67.0 341

tuF 58 12.8 8.3 1.4 2.6 9.0 65.9 309

mhprp 100 13.7 6.8 0.5 0.6 0.2 78.2 345

nfhJik 100 12.8 11.8 1.5 1.5 1.2 71.2 346

nrhsk; 100 11.9 10.4 1.9 1.6 1.6 72.6 349

rpWjhdpa';fspy; czt[r; rj;Jf;fspd; ruhrhp mst[


48kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

,j;jhdpaj]ijg; g[Gf;fp/ rhjkhfr; rikj;Jk; khtpypUe;J gzpahu';fs;

bra;Jk; rhg;gplyhk;. rhik FWjhdpa czt[fspy; Rit kpf;fjhFk;. ,jd;

jhdpaj;jpy; bfhGg;g[r; rj;J 4.17 fpuhk; vd;w mstpy; kw;w jhdpa';fistpl

TLjyhf cs;sJ. kw;w rj;Jf;fSk; rk mstpy; ,Ug;gjhy; FHe;ij czt[

jahhpf;f rhikmjpf mstpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. cly; bkype;J

,Ug;gth;fs; rhikia mjpfkhf cl;bfhz;L gyk; bgwyhk;.

jpid

,UgJ rjtPjj;jpw;F nky; ckpapUg;gjhy; ed;whf Fj;jpg; g[ilj;J/

ckpia tpyf;fpa gpwnf ,j;jhdpaj;ij cgnahfpf;f ntz;Lk;. gd;dpuz;L

rjtPjj;jpw;F nky; g[ujKk;/ 8 rjtPjk; ehh;g; gFjpa[k; cs;s ,j;jhdpaj;jpy;

iyrpd; vd;w mkpndh mkpyk; Fiwe;j mstpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,j;jhdpak;/

itl;lkpd; gp caph;rj;Jf;fisa[k;/ Rz;zhk;g[r;rj;J/ gh!;gu!; Kjypa jhJ[

rj;Jf;fisa[k; epiwe;j mstpy; bfhz;Ls;sJ. iyrpd; vd;w mkpndh

mkpyj;ij nrh]g]gjd; \yKk;/ jpidapd; Cl;lr]rj;Jf;fis mjpfhpj;J

mhprpf;F epfuhf bra;JtplKoa[k;. nkYk; jpidapy; kht[r;rj;J mjpfkhf

,Ug;gjhy; ,J jPtpu ciHg;g[f;F Vw;w rf;jpiaj; juty;yJ.

jpid xU tug;gpurhjkhd gapuhFk;. fhuzk; ,jd; jhdpaj;jpy; 6.9

fpuhk; ,Uk;g[r; rj;Jk;/ gp itl;lkpd; fhuzpahd jahkpd; 0.59 kpy;yp fpuhKk;

cs;sd. nkYk; gp.fnuhl;od; 32 kpy;yp fpuhk; mstpy; cs;sJ. bfhGg;g[r;

rj;J 4.65 fpuhk;/ g[ujr] rj;J 12.3 fpuhk; epiwe;Js;sd. jpidapy; ,Uf;Fk;

brydpd; vd;w g[ujg ; bghUs; ,jaj;jpy ; Vw ;gLk; neha;fisf;

Fzg]gLj;JfpwJ. bjhd;Wbjhl;L KUfd; nfhapy;fspy; njDk;/ jpidkht[k;

gpurhjkhff; bfhLj;J flt[spd; fUiz fpilf;fr] bra;fpw gHf;fk; ek;kplk;

,Ue;J tUtJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. nkYk;/ jpid khtpypUe;J KWf;F/ rPil

nghd;w gyfhu';fs; jahhpf;fyhk;. buhl;o/ Cl;lr; rj;J ghd';fs;/ gp!;fl;

nghd;witfs; bra;a jpid kpft[k; gad;gLfpwJ.

Fjpiuthyp

Fjpiuthypa[k;/ rhik/ jpid nghd;nw rj;J kpf;f FWjhdpakhFk;.

,jd; ckp ePf;fpa mhprp kpft[k; rj;jhdJ. ,e;j mhprpia rikj;J czthf

cz;zyhk; my;yJ miuj;J khthf;fp buhl;o jahhpf;fyhk;. ,jid

bghJthf kiythH; kf;fSk;/ tskw;w epy';fs; bfhz;l tWikahd

tptrhapfSk; mjpfk; cgnahfpf;fpwhh;fs;.

tuF

kpff;bfl;oahd nknyhl;ilg; nghd;w ckpiag; (40 rjtPjk;)

bgw;wpUf;Fk;. ,j;jhdpaj;jpypUe;J ckpiar] Rygkhfg] gphpj;J tpl KoahJ.

brk;kz;qld; fye;J fha itj;J/ gpwF Fj;jp g[ilj;Jg; gphpf;fntz;Lk;.

ed;whf Kw;whj jhdpaKk;/ g[jpjhf mWtil bra;ag;gl;l jhdpaKk;


49kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

clYf;F xt;thj xUrpy er;Rg; bghUl;fisg; bgw;wpUg;gjhy; ed;whf Kw;wpa

gpwF mWtil bra;ag;gl;l jhdpaj;ij MW khj fhyk; itj;jpUe;j gpwnf

czthf cl;bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. kf;fs; ,ij rhjkhf rikj;Jk;/ buhl;o

bra;Jk; cgnahfpf;fpwhh;fs;. ,jd; jhdpak; cly; g[z;fis Mw;Wk;. nkYk;

EiuaPuy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l neha;fisa[k; tapw;Wg]nghf;ifa[k; Fzg;

gLj;JfpwJ. ,jid cl;bfhz;lhy; cliy rkepiyapy; itj;Jf;

bfhs;syhk;.

khdhthhp epy';fspy; ed;F twl;rpiaj; jh';fp ey;y gyd; bfhLf;Fk;

gaph; tuF MFk;. mhprp rhjj;jpw;F ,izahdJ tuF rhjk;. g[spf; FHk;g[

my;yJ g[spr;rf;fPiu ,itfSld; gpire;J cz;L kfpH;e;jth;fSf;F ,jd;

jdp Rit bjhpa[k;. tuFf;F bflhky; ,Uf;Fk; jd;ik ,aw;ifahf

,Ug;gjhy; mjd; jhdpaj;ij ePz;l ehl;fSf;F nrkpj;J itf;f Koa[k;.

,Jtiu Twg;gl;l FWjhdpa';fs; mhprpia tpl ve;j tpjj;jpYk; Fiwt[

fpilahJ vd;gij kdjpy; bfhz;L czt[ Kiwapy; khw;wk; bra;ayhk;.

Mnuhf;fpa thH;itg; bgwyhk;.

ntshz; ,urhad fiuriy ,iytHp Cl;lkhfj; bjspg]gjpy;

xl;Lk; jputj;jpd; mtrpak;

��

gaph] rhFgoapy; Ez;q}l;l cu';fs;/ g{r]rp kw;Wk; g{rzf; bfhy;ypfs; nghd;wit

bgUk;ghYk; ,iytHp Cl;lkhf gaph ]fSf;F mspf ;fg ]gLfpd ;wd. ,t;thW

bjspf;fg]gLk; jput ,urhadf; fiury;fs;/ ,iyfspd; nky; gug]gpYs;s bkGF

nghd;w glyj;jpdhYk;/ rpypf;fhd; nuhk';fspdhYk;/ ,iynky; ed;F gut[tjpypUe;J

jtph ]f ;fg ]gLfpd ;wd. ,t;thW bjspf ;fg ]gLk ; j putj ;jpd ; gug]g[ ,Gtpirahy; /

bgUk;ghyhd jput ,urhad';fs; ,iynky; ed;F gut[tjpy;iy. ,jdhy;/ ,e;j

,urhad jputk;/ ,iynky; Kj;J nghd;W jpuz;L epw;Fk;. ,e;epiyapy; ,iyfs;

rpwpJ fhw;wpy; mire;jhYk;/ ,t;thW jpuz;L epw;Fk; Jspfs; tHpe;J tpLk;. ,jdhy;/

ehk; ,iy nky; ,Lk; ,urhadg] bghUl;fs; tpuakhfpwJ. ,iy nky; bjspf;fg]gLk;

jput ,urhadj;jpy; bgUk;ghd;ikahd gFjp jz;zPh] MFk;.

,e;epiyapy; jz;zPUf;Fk;/ ,iyapd; nkw;gug]gpYs;s bkGfpw;Fk; beUf;fkhd

gpizg]g [ Vw ;gLj;jpdhy; jhd;/ ehk; ,iynky; bjspf ;Fk; jz;zPhpy ; fiue;j

,urhadk; ,iyapd; nkw;gug ]g py ; gutp rpwe ;j Kiwapy; gad;gLk; . ,j;jifa

beUf;fkhd gpizg]ig Vw;gLj;j jFe;j xl;Lk; jputj;ij ,urhadf; fiurypy;

nrh]f;f ntz;Lk;. xl;Lk; jputj;jpd; \yf;Twpd; xU gFjp jz;zPhpy; fiuaf;ToaJ.

kw;bwhU gFjp/ bkGfpy; fiuaf;ToaJ. mjhtJ/ xl;Lk; jputj;jpd; \yf;Twpd;

xU gFjp ,urhadf; fiurypy; cs;s jz;zPhpy; fiue;Jk; (,ize;Jk;)/ kw;bwhU

gFjp ,iyapd; nky; gug]gpYs;s bkGfpy; fiue;Jk; (,ize;Jk;)/ ehk; bjspf;Fk;

,urhadf; fiurYf;Fk; / ,iy gug ]g pw ;Fk ; xU beUf;fkhd gpizg]ig

Vw;gLj;Jtjhy;/ ,urhadf; fiury; ,iy nky; ed;F gut[fpwJ.

Mfnt/ ,iytHp Cl;lkhf ntshz; ,urhadf; fiuriyj; bjspf;Fk; nghJ/

xl;Lk; jputj;ij ehk; kwf;fkhy; jFe;j mstpy; nrh]j;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.

jfty] :Kidth] f. b$. b$agh!;fud;

njrpa thiH Muha;r]rp ikak;/ jpUr;rpuhg:gs:sp -620 102.


50kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

fhyk; khwpg] nghapor]rp !k. etePj fpU#;zd;

ehd;fhk; Mz;L/ ,skwptpay; (njhl;lf; fiy)

njhl;lf;fiyf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r]rp epiyak;

jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk;/ bghpaFsk; - 625 604

md;g[s;s tptrha ez;gh]fns ! ,e;etPd cyfj;jpy;/ fhyj;jpw;nfw;g

tptrha Kiwfis khw;wpf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. tptrha bghUl;fSf;F Vw;w

Efh;nthiu njLtij tpl/ Efh]nthUf;F Vw;w tptrha bghUis cw;gj;jp

bra;tJ rhyr ]r pwe ;jJ. ,dp rpy g[jpa tptrha cj;jpfs; kw ;Wk ;

tHpKiwfisg] gw;wp fhz;nghk;.

re;ijf;F Vw;g gaph] elt[ Kiw

gUtj;jpw;F Vw;w gaph]fis gaphpLk; bghGJ mjpf tpisr]riyg]

bgwyhk;. Mdhy;/ mg]bghGJ mg]bghUspd; cw;gj;jp mjpfkhtjhy;

bghUspd; tpiy Fiwa[k;.

tptrha bghUspd; njit mjpfkhFk; bghGJ/ bghUspd; cw;gj;jp

Fiwa[k; neu';fspy; bghUspd; tpiy mjpfhpf;Fk;. ,e;jj; jUz';fspy;

mjpf tpisr]riyj; jUk; gaph] elt[ Kiwfis jpl;lkpl;L nkw;bfhs;s

ntz;Lk;. ,r]rka';fspy; tpisr]ry; kpjkhf ,Ue;jhYk; Tl/ bghUspd;

tpiy mjpfkhf ,Ug]gjhy;/ Ke;ija tUkhdj;ij tpl mjpfkhd tUkhdk;

bgwyhk;.

nehpilahf tpw;gid

tptrha bghUspid ,ilj;jufh]fs; \ykhf tpw;gij tpl nehpilahf

gadhspfSf;F tpw;why; mjpf ,yhgj;ijg] bgwyhk;. cjhuzkhf tptrhap

10 Vf;fhpy; xnu fha;fwpia gaphpl;L/ mjid ,ilj;jufh]fs; \yk; tpw;gij

tpl/ 10 Vf;fhpy; gy;ntW tpjkhd fha;fwpfis gaphpl;L jpdKk; cs;~h]

re;ijfs; kw;Wk; cHth] re;ijapy; tpw;why; mjpf ,yhgj;ijg] bgwyhk;.

bghUspd; juk;

bghJthf tptrhapfs; cw;gj;jpia bgUf;f ntz;Lk; vd;W jhd;

epidf;fpwhh]fns jtpu/ cw;gj;jp bghUspd; juj;ijg] gw;wpf; ftiyg]gLtJ

,y;iy. Mdhy; juj;jpw;F Vw;whw; nghy; jhd; re;ijapy; tpiy eph]zak;

bra;ag]gLfpwJ. vdnt/ bghUspd; cw;gj;jpia tpl cw;gj;jp bghUspd;

juj;jpid cah]j;Jtjd; \yk; mjpfkhf ,yhgj;ijg] bgwyhk;.


51kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

kz; ghpnrhjid

kz; ghpnrhjid \yk; epyj;jpd; tsj;jpid bjhpe;Jf; bfhz;L/ ve;j

gaph] ve;j epyj;jpw;F Vw;wJ/ ve;j jhJ cg]g[fs;/ rj;Jf;fs; mjpfkhf cs;sJ/

ve;j rj;Jf;fs; Fiwthf cs;sJ/ vd bjhpe;Jf; bfhz;L mjw;nfw;g

cu';fis ,l;L gaphpLtjd; \yk; mjpf tpisr]riy juKld; bgwyhk;.

fhLfs; tsh]g]g[ jpl;lk;

$g]ghd; nghd;w bjhHpw;rhiy kpFe;j ehLfspy]/ g[jpajhf xU

bjhHpw;rhiy epWt ntz;Lk; vd;why;/ mj;bjhHpw;rhiy Vw;gLj;Jk;

khRitf; fl;LgLj;jf;Toa mstpw;F ku';fis el ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; m';F

kuk; tsh]g]gjw;F ,lk; ,y;iy. ,jw;F ,e;jpah/ ,y';if nghd;w ehLfis

gad;gLj;jpf; bfhs;fpwJ.

xU kuk; tsh]g]gjw;F/ xU Mz;Lf;F Fwpg]gpl;l bjhif vd eph]zapj;J/

,e;jpahtpy; ,j;bjhHpw ;rhiyfs; tptrhapfspd; epyj;jpy; kuk;

tsh]f;fpwhh]fs;. Fwpg]gpl;l rpy Mz;LfSf;Fg] gpwF mk;kuj;jpd; \yk;

fpilf;Fk; bghUs; mt]tptrhapfSf;F brhe;jkhfpwJ. vdnt tptrhapfs;/

tptrhank bra;a Koahj epyj;jpy;/ epyj;jpw;F Vw;w ku';fis elt[ bra;J

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; \yk; Mz;Lf;F Fwpg]gpl;l bjhifapid ,j;bjhHpw;rhiyfspy;

,Ue;J bgwyhk;.

fhh]gd; kjpg]g[

c';fshy; Fwpg]gpl;l mst[ khRthd fhh]gid (fhh]gd; il Mf;i!L/

fhh]gd; nkhdhf;i!L) fl;Lg]gLj;j Koa[k; vdpy;/ fl;Lg]gLj;jg]gLk;

khRtpw;F epfuhd kjpg]g[ eph]zapj;J/ mjw;fhd bjhifia/ fhh]gd; kjpg]g[

njitg]gLk; ehLfspy; cs;s bjhHpw;rhiyfs; \ykhf bgwyhk;.

cjhuzkhf/ Fwpg]gpl;l mst[/ epyj;jpy; cs;s jhtuk; / gaph]/ kuk; \yk;

fl;Lg]gLj;jg]gLk;. mjw;fhd fhh]gd; kjpg]g[fs; eph]zapf;fg]gLfpd;wd. ,jd;

\yk; Mz;LnjhWk; TLjyhf tUkhdk; bgwyhk;. fhh]gd; kjpg]g[ bghpa

mstpy; kl;Lk; jhd; Vw;Wf; bfhs;sg]gLfpwJ. gy tptrhapfs; xd;W

nrUtjd; \yk; ,g] bghpa fhh]gd; kjpg]ig bgwyhk;.

jukhd tpijfs;

g{r]rp jhf;Fjy; kw;Wk; neha; mw;w tpijfis gad;gLj;Jtjd; \yk;

ey;y tpisr]riy bgwyhk;. tptrha ez;gh]fns/ ,e;j etPd cyfj;jpy;

etPd ntshz;ik a[j;jpfisg] gad;gLj;Jtjd; \yk; tptrhaj;jpy;

cWjpahf btw;wp bgw Koa[k;.

ez;gh]fns/ c';fs; tpthraj;jpy; btw;wp bgw vdJ thH;j;Jf;fs;.


52kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

fwit khl;oypUe;J mjpf tUtha;f;fhd tHpKiwfs;

o. ,uhkrhkp kw;Wk; rp. gpughfud;

czt[ kw;Wk; ghy;tsj; bjhHpy; El;g epiyak;

mykjp m";ry;/ brd;id - 600 052

fwit khL tsh]g]gth]fs; fPH;f;fz;l tHpKiwfis filg]gpoj;J mjpf

tUthiag] bgwyhk;. khl;od; rhzj;ij kl;f itj;J kz;g[G cuk;

jahhpf;fyhk;. ,jd; \yk; 50 igrh kjpg]g[s;s xU fpnyh rhzj;ij +.3y;

,Ue;J +.5 tiu tpw;fyhk;. khl;od; rpWePhpypUe;J g";rft;ah jahhpf;fyhk;.

khl ;od; r pWePiua[k ; neuoahf cgnahfg ]gLj;jyhk; . g";rft;ah

jahhpg]gjw;F xU ypl;lUf;F +.20 brythfpwJ. g";rft;ah xU ypl;lh]

+. 40f;F tpw;fg]gLfpwJ.

tpw;gidapy; kp";rpa ghiy nful; brwpt{l;oa ghyhf khw;wyhk;. ghy;

xU ypl;lh] +. 7ypUe;J/ +.10f;F tpw;fg]gLfpwJ. nful; brwpt{l;oa ghy; xU

ypl;lh] +. 25ypUe;J/ +.50f;F tpw;fg]gLfpwJ.

ghy; khl;ow;F rpfpr ;irf;fhf \ypifia gad;gLj;Jk;bghGJ

rpfpr]irf;fhd bryt[ FiwfpwJ. mnj rkaj;jpy;/ tpiya[ah]e;j mnyhgjp

kUe;JfSk; fpuhkj;jpy; fpilg]gjpy;iy. khl;od; koneha;f;F +.500

brythFk;. brytpy;yhj \ypiffs; \ykhf ,e;nehia rhpbra;Jtplyhk;.

nkw;Twpa Kiwfis filg]gpog]gjd; \yk; ghy; khL tsh]g]gth]fs;

j';fs; gaph]fSf;F ntz;oa ,aw;if cuk;/ ,aw;if g{r;rpbfhy;yp/ ,aw;if

gaph] Cf;fp Mfpatw;iwa[k; j';fs; FLk;gj;jpw;F njitahd ghy;

ghd';fisa[k; jahhpj;Jf;bfhs;syhk;.

,jdhy; gaph]fspd; cuj;jpw;Fk;/ g{r]rpbfhy;ypf;Fk; MFk; bryt[

Fiwf;fg]gLfpwJ. FLk;g cWg]gpdh]fSf;F ntz;oa rj;Jg]bghUSk;

fpilf;fpwJ. ghy; khl;oypUe;J mjpf tUkhdKk; fpilf;fpwJ.

nful; brwpt{l;oa ghy;

,urhad epw';fs; kw;Wk; eWkz';fisf; bfhz;L braw;if ghd';fs;

jahhpf;fg]gLtjhy; g[w;Wneha;/ tapw;Wg]nghf;F/ cWg]g[r]rpijt[/ ,uj;jg]g[w;W

neha; kw;Wk; EiuaPuy; fl;ofs; nghd;w ghjf';fisr; bra;fpd;wd.

nful;Lg]ghypy; ,aw;ifahd Kiwapy; epwk; kw;Wk; kzk; nrh]f;fg]gLtjhy;

braw;if epwk; kw;Wk; kzk; nrh]f;fg]gLtJ jtph]f;fg]gLfpwJ. mjpf

btg]g';bfhz;L Ez; fpUkpfis ghHhf;Fjy; bjhHpy;El;gj;jhy;

(heat sterilization) Ez; fpUkpfs; ghHhf;fg]gLtjhy; ,J xU ,aw;iftHpj;

bjhHpy; El;gkhFk;.


53kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

xU ypl;lh] ghypy; 50 kp.yp. nful; rhW/ 5 Vyf;fha; kw;Wk; 100 fpuhk;

rh]f;fiu nrh]j;J tofl;o ghl;oy;fspy; Cw;wp fhh]f; kprpdhy; fhh]f;if itj;J

\o/ fhy; g';F jz;zPh] epug]gpa Ff;fhpy; itj;J NL bra;a ntz;Lk;. Mtp

te;j gpwF btapl; nghl;L tprpy; te;jt[ld; mLg]ig Fiwe;j mst [ jPapy; 15

epkplk; itf;f ntz;Lk;. Ff;fhpy; NL jdpe;jgpwF ghl;oy;fis btspna

vLj;J miw btg]gepiyapy; bflhky; itf;fyhk;.

ghy; tpiy jw;nghJ ypl;lUf;F +.7k;/ 100 fpuhk; rh]f;fiu +.2k;/ 100

fpuhk; nful; +. 2k;/ 5 Vyf;fha; +. 1k; MfpwJ. gjdpl ypl;lUf;F +. 1

brythfpwJ. ,t;thwhf bkhj;j mlf;f tpiyahf xU ypl;lUf;F +. 13

MfpwJ. ,jw;F njitahd cgfuz';fs; $^!; vf;!;l;uhf;lh] (+. 2500)/

fhh]f; kprpd; (+.1600)/ Ff;fh] (+.3000)/ nf!; mLg]g[ (+.3000)/ fhh]f; (+. 0.3)

kw;Wk; fhyp fz;zho g[l;ofs; 200 kp.yp. bfhs;sst[ (+.1.) MFk;. ,t;thwhf

nful;Lg]ghy; jahhpf;f gad;gLk; epue;ju mikg]ig epWt +. 10/100 kl;Lk;

nghJkhdJ. khwf;Toa brythf fhyp fz;zho g[l;ofs; kw;Wk; fhh]f;Ffs;

cs;sd.

g";rft;ah

gR";rhzp Ie;J fpnyht[ld;/ gRkhl;L bea; (+.200) xU ypl;liuf; fye;J

gpire;J xU gpsh!;of; thspapy; \d;W ehl;fs; itj;J jpdk; xU Kiw

gpire;J tpl ntz;Lk;. ehd;fhtJ ehs; gRtpd; nfhkpak; 3 ypl;lh]/ gRk;ghy;

3 ypl;lh] (+.21)/ japh] 2 ypl;lh] (+.19)/ fUk;g[r]rhW 3 ypl;lh] (+.100)/ ,sePh] 3

ypl ;lh ] (+.50) kw ;Wk ; thiHg]gHk; 1 fpnyh (+.10) Mfpatw;iw

ghpe;Jiuf;fg]gl;l bfhs;fydpy; ,l;L ifahy; ed;F fiuj;J/ fyf;fp/ fk;gp

tiyahy; \o epHypy; itf;ft[k;.

xU ehisf;F ,UKiw tPjk; fhiyapYk; khiyapYk; 20 epkpl';fs;

15 ehl;fSf;F fpswptpl 20 ypl;lh] g";rft;ah jahuhfptpLk;. mlf;f

tpiyahf 20 ypl;lh] jahhpf;f +. 400 brythFk;. tofl;oagpd; 3 rjf;

fiuriy midj;J gaph]fSf;Fk; bjspf;fyhk;. brhl]LePh] ghrdj;jpy;

Vf;fUf;F 20 ypl]lh] vd;w mstpy; gad;gLj;jyhk;. g";rft;ahit (3%)bew;gaphpy; ,aw;if tHp tpij neh]j;jp bra;tjhy; tpijapd; Kisg]g[j;jpwd;

kw;Wk; tPhpaj;jd;ik nkk;gLj;jg]gLfpwJ.

kz;g[G cuk;

kl;ff;Toa fHpt[fis \l;lk; nghl;L mjpy; rhzf;fiuriy bjspj;J/

20 ehl;fSf;F kl;f tpl;L my;yJ rhzk; 20 ehl;fs; kl;fpagpd; NL jzpe;j

gpwF fHpt[fis bjhl;oapy; ,l;L kz;g[Gf;fis tpl;L jz;zPh] bjspf;f

ntz;Lk;. jw;nghJ \d;W tifahd g[Gf;fs; cgnahfg]gLj;jg]gLfpd;wd.


54kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

mitahtd/ IrPdpah bgl;olh (rptg]g[ kz;g[G / rpwpa g[G)/ a[ohpy;y!;

a{$pdpna (Mg]gphpf]fd; kz;g[G / bghpa g[G) bghpnahdpf;!; vf;!;fntl;l!;

(fk;ngh!;l; kz;g[G) MFk;.

IrPdpah bgl;olhtpd; clypy; cs;s Jh] ehw;wj;jpdhy; nfhHp/ fhfk;

nghd;wit ,ij rhg]gplhJ. a[ohpy;y!; a{$pdpna fk;ngh!;l; bra;a tpUk;gp

gad;gLj;jg]gLk; ,ufkhFk;.

bghpnahdpf;!; vf;!;fntl;l!; mjpf btg]gk; kw;Wk; jz;zPh]

gw;whf;Fiw cs;s ,l';fSf;F rpwe;jjhFk;.

45 ehl;fSf;F fhiy kw;Wk; khiy neu';fspy; jz;zPh] bjspj;Jtu

kz;g[G cuk; jahh]. xU fpnyh gFjp kl;fpa rhzj;jpypUe;J miu fpnyh

kz;g[G cuk; fpilf;fpwJ. xU fpnyh kz;g[Gcuk; jahhpf ;f

+. 1 brythfpwJ.

vspa \ypif kUj;Jtk;

1. koneha;f;F

nrhw;Wf;fw;whiH 100 fpuhKld;/ k";rs; 20 fpuhk; kw;Wk; Rz;zhk;g[ 5

fpuhk; Mfpatw;iw ed;F miuj;J neha;gl;L tP';fpa gFjpapy; koapypUe;J

ghiy KGikahf fwe;J btspnaw;wpagpd; g{rntz;Lk;. ,t;thW xU

ehisf;F/ fhiy/ kjpak;/ rha';fhyk;/ mjpfhiy neu';fspy; g{r koneha;

RfkhFk;.

2. rpidg]gpof;fhik

nrhw;Wf;fw;whiH 1 klYld; gpuz;il 3 ifg]gpoia fUg]gl;oa[ld;

nrh]j;J jpdKk; xU Kiwahf ehd;F ehl;fSf;Fk;/ Ie;jhtJ ehspypUe;J

fUntg]gpiy 4 ifg]gpoia ,oj;J jpdKk; xUKiwahf 15 ehl;fs; tiu

bfhLj;jhy; khL rpidg]gpoj;JtpLk;.

3. gUtj;jpw;F tuhik

gUtk; tUtjw;F Kw;wpa nj';fha; xd;iw beU";rp xU gyk;

(30 fpuhk;) nrh]j;J me;jp/ re;jp \d;W ehs; bfhLj;jhy; kyL eP';fp rpid

gpof;Fk;.

4. Flw;g[G

Fg]ig nkdp ,iy 2 ifg]gpoia nrhw;Wf;fw;whiH 5 klYld; nrh]j;J

miuj;Jf;bfhLf;fyhk;. nkw;fz;l \ypiffs; v';Fk; vspjhf fpilg]gjhy;

bryt[ VJkpy;iy.


55kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

jkpH;ehL ntshz:ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfk; - tpij ,Ug;g[ jfty;

br.Re;jnu!;tud; kw;Wk; g.rpd;idad;

tpij ikak;

jkpH;ehL ntshz:ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfk;

nfhak;g[j;J}h; - 641 003

bjhiyngrp vz: : 0422 - 6611232

jkpH;ehL ntshz:ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfk; cw;gj;jp bra;j cah;

tpisr]ry; ,uf cz:ik epiy tpijfs; fPH;f;fz:l ml;ltizapYs;s

Muha;r;rp epiya';fspy; tpw;gidf;fhf ,Ug;gpy; cs;sd. tptrhapfs;

rk;ke;jg;gl;l Muha;r;rp epiya';fspd; nguhrphpah; kw;Wk; jiyth;fis

mqfp tpijfisg; bgw ;Wf ; bfhs;SkhW md;nghL nfl ;Lf ;

bfhs;sg;gLfpwhh;fs;.

cz:ik epiy tpijfs;

ntshz:ikf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r]rp epiyak;/ kJiu bey; - I.lgps;a{ bghd;dp

(bjhiyngrp vz ; : 0452-2422956) gUj;jp - v!;tpgpMh]2

ntshz:ikf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ jpUr]rp

(bjhiyngrp vz ; : 0431-2690692) bey; - oMh]xa] 1

ntshz;ikg] bghwpapay; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk;

Muha;r]rp epiyak;/ FK~h] KU';if - gpnfvk; 1

(bjhiyngrp vz : : 0431-2541218, 2543718)

bey; Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ tpUj;jhryk; cSe;J - tpgpvd; 4

(bjhiyngrp vz; : 04143-238231)

bey; Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ mk;ghrKj;jpuk; bey;-Vv!;o 16/ 18

(bjhiyngrp vz; : 04634-250215)

ntshz;ik Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ jp+h] bey; - VOo 39/ onfvk; 9

(bjhiyngrp vz : : 044-27620233) I.lgps;a{ bghd;dp

ntshz;ik Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ gthdprhfh] bey; - nfh 43/ IMh] 20/ gthdp

(bjhiyngrp vz : : 04295-240244) tPhpakf;fhr]nrhsk; - nfhvr](vk;)5

ntshz:ik Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ itif miz rzg]ig - nfh 1

(bjhiyngrp vz: :04546-244112)

kz; kw;Wk; ePh] nkyhz:ik Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ j";rht{h] bey; - VOo 36

(bjhiyngrp vz: :04362 - 267680)

vz;bza] tpj;Jj; Jiw/ Nhpafhe;jp - orpv!;vr] 1

jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h]

(bjhiyngrp vz: :0422 - 6611292)

fpilf;Fk; ,l';fs; gaph] /,ufk;


56kyh] -34 ,jH; - 04

tpiy tpguk;

rpWjhdpaj;Jiw/ uhfp - nfh 14

jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h]

(bjhiyngrp vz ; : 0422-2450507)

fha;fwpj; Jiw/ fj;jhp - nfh 2

njhl;lf;fiyf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ ghfw;fha; - nfh 1

nfhiak;g[j;J}h] - 641 003. jf;fhsp - nfh 3

(bjhiyngrp vz; : 0422-6611283) KU';if - gpnfvk; 1

bt';fhak; - nfh(Md;) 5

bfhj;jtiu - g{rhet;gfhh]

fha;fwpMuha;r;rp epiyak;/ ghY}h; btz;il - mh]fh mdhkpfh

(bjhiyngrp vz : : 04142-275222) g[liy - nfh 2/ bts;is

ePsk;/ Fl;il

gPh]f;f';fha; - gpnfvk; 1

ghfw;fha; - nfh 2

njhl;lf;fiyf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r]rp epiyak;/ jf;fhsp - gpnfvk; 1

bghpaFsk; (bjhiyngrp vz ; : 04546-231726, 234661) gPh]f;f';fha; - gpnfvk; 1

bt';fhak; - nfh(Md;)5

gu';fp - nfh 2

bey; -I.lgps;a{ bghd;dp 16

bey; - VOo 36/ 39/ 45/

nfh 43/ IMh] 20/ gthdp/ 13

o Mh] xa; 1/ Vv!;o 18

bey; -Vv!;o16/ onfvk; 9 12

uhfp 20

tPhpa kf;fhr]nrhsk;-

nfhvr] (vk;) 5 75

cSe;J 45

Nhpafhe;jp - orpv!;vr]1 200

gUj;jp 75

rzg]ig 25

KU';if 1500

fj;jhp/ ghfw;fha] 500

jf;fhsp 600

bt']fhak; -

nfh (Md;) 5 1000

btz:il 150

g[liy 750

gPh]f;f';fha; 400

bfhj;jtiu 100b

gu';fp 400

tpiy/fpnyh

( + . )gaph ]/,ufk;

tpiy /fpnyh

(+.)gaph ]/,ufk;

mr;rpl;nlhh] : _ rf;jp gpunkh#dy; ypj;njh gpuhr!;54/ ,uhgh]l;rd; rhiy/ ,uj;jpdrghgjpg[uk;/

nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 002 bjhiyngrp :0422-2450133

Regd. No. TN/WR/CBE/20/2006-08WPP.No. TN/WR/CBE/01/WPP 2006-08Licensed to post without prepayment

Date f Publication : 01.0 . 008o 4 2

Mrphpah]

Mre

.0 ;Lk

z;L ;jh+. 75 0 kl ;

15 Mz h 5 0 l

;L re;j+. 7 0.0 k ;Lk;

jH;

.0 k ;Lk;

dp ,j+. 7 0 l

Mre

.0 ;Lk

z;L ;jh+. 75 0 kl ;

15 Mz h 5 0 l

;L re;j+. 7 0.0 k ;Lk;

jH;

.0 k ;Lk;

dp ,j+. 7 0 l

Mrphpah]tsUk; ntshz;iktphpthf;ff; fy;tp ,af;ffk;jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk;nfhak;g[j;J}h; - 641 003

re;jh bjhifia Mrphpah]/ tsUk; ntshz;ikvd;w bgahpy; t';fp tiunthiy (DD) my;yJ

gztpil (MO) vLj;JfPH;f;fz;l Kfthpf;F mDg]gt[k;

re;jh bjhifia Mrphpah]/ tsUk; ntshz;ikvd;w bgahpy; t';fp tiunthiy my;yJ

gztpil vLj;JfPH;f;fz;l Kfthpf;F mDg]gt[k;

(DD)(MO)

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