TRUNG QUÁN LUẬN

7/31/2019 TRUNG QUN LUN

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Dao Tn Cu Ma La Thp Php S dch Phn HnThch Tnh Nghim dch Hn Vit

Tng Quang Tng Th

Pht lch 2546 - TL 2003


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Nam m Bn S Thch Ca Mu Ni Pht

3


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Nam m Long Th T S B Tt


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Mc Lc

Li Gii Thiu,

Ta Trung Lun, iv

Phn Gii Thiu, vi

Sch Tham Kho,

K Tn Pht

Phm mt: Qun Nhn DuynPhm hai: Qun S Chuyn ng

Phm ba: Qun Su Tnh

Phm bn: Qun Nm m

Phm nm: Qun Su Chng

Phm su: Qun S Nhim v K Nhim

Phm by: Qun Ba TngPhm tm: Qun S To Nghip v K To Nghip

Phm chn: Qun Bn Tr

Phm mi: Qun La v Nhin Liu

Phm mi mt: Qun S Kh

Phm mi hai: Qun Bn T

Phm mi ba: Qun Cc hnhPhm mi bn: Qun S Ha Hp

Phm mi lm: Qun Hu V

Phm mi su: Qun S Tri Buc v Gii Thot

Phm mi by: Qun Nghip Bo

Phm mi tm: Qun Php

Phm mi chn: Qun Thi Gian


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Long Th

- Trung Qun Lun

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Phm hai mi: Qun Nhn Qu

Phm hai mi mt: Qun S Sinh Thnh v Hoi Dit

Phm hai mi hai: Qun Nh LaiPhm hai mi ba: Qun S in o

Phm hai mi bn: Qun Bn Thnh

Phm hai mi lm: Qun Nit Bn

Phm hai mi su: Qun Mi Hai Nhn Duyn

Phm hai mi by: Qun T Kin

K Kt ThcLi Bt

Ch Thch,


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Phn Gii Thiu

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Phn Gii Thiu1

Tc gi ca bn lun l ngi Long Th. Ngi vn l mt hc gi Phtgio vng nam n , nhng sau c n vng Tuyt Sn bc n

tham hc. Ngi thm nhp c tinh ngha ca hc thuyt Nht Thit

Php Tnh Khng (c xem trng Nam n), v i vi hc thuyt Tam

Th Php Tnh Hu (c xem trng Bc n), ngi cng qun st thu

trit. Bi th, trong nhng lun thuyt m ngi xng (t kinh nghim

chng ng ca mnh), ngi kho lo ni kt c hai dng t tng lnny: "Trc tin phn bit ni cc php, sau ni Tt cnh khng (Hn:

Tin phn bit thuyt ch php, hu thuyt tt cnh khng)." Ngi l mt

nh Trung qun, thu trit c s v ngi gia Khng v Hu, tng

hp Pht gio ca hai min nam bc, v cng l k qun thng Pht gio

i tha ln Tiu tha. Gio thuyt ca Pht gio m ngi tng hp qun

thng, ng nhin l hng v, tinh thm, khng th so snh c. Ngicng cc t, tuy cng hong php vng trung n , nhng phm vi

hot ng phn ln l vng nam n. Vua Dn Sinh ca nc Nam Kiu

Tt La l v h tr chnh ca ngi.

Thi by gi, do nh hng ca s hong dng ca ngi Long Th,

c mt s bin ng to tt lm i thay cc din ca Pht gio. Vn d,


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Long Th

- Trung Qun Lun

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cc hc gi Pht gio trc thi i ca ngi, tuy cng xin dng

ngha thm su ca php tnh khng tch, nhng vn cn thiu st nhng l

lun cht ch, th nhng n thi Long Th, th ngi kin lp php qunnghim mt, ph bnh nhng lp lun "hnh nh ng m sai" ca cc hc

gi Thanh vn, kin lp php trng i tha bao trm c ba tha, cng

nhin i theo ng li khc bit vi cc hc gi Thanh vn thi by gi; do

y, n , cc hc gi i tha u tn xng ngi l v t sng lp. Ti

Trung Hoa, ngi cng c tn xng l v t khai sng chung cho c tm

tng phi i tha. Tc phm ca ngi rt nhiu, i , c th phn lmhai loi: (a) quyt trch ngha l thm su, nh Trung Lun, Thp Nh Mn

Lun, Tht Thp Khng Tnh Lun, Lc Thp Nh L Lun, Hi Trnh

Lun, v.v... Nhng b lun ny u dng phng thc qun st lun l,

khai hin tng chn thc ca cc php; (b) phn bit hnh tng rng ln:

nh i Tr Lun gii thch b kinh Bt Nh, Thp Tr T B Sa Lun

gii thch phm Thp a ca kinh Hoa Nghim, v.v... Nhng b lun nyda trn lun l thm su "tt c php khng", m thuyt minh hnh nguyn

li tha rng ln ca ch B tt. em hai loi lun in ny phi hp li, mi

c th thnh lp c h thng hc thuyt hon chnh ca ngi Long Th.

Quyn Trung Lun ny l thuc v loi th nht, quyt trch ngha l thm

su, hn na, li l b lun cn bn cho loi th nht ny, bi th, c ngi

gi hc thuyt Long Th l phi Trung Qun. Nhng hc phi i tha isau ny, u tranh nhau tn ngi lm v t sng lp ca h; t s kin ny,

chng ta c th thy c s v i ca ngi; th nhng, cng do y m

cng thng b nhiu ngi khc ph ha, lm lch lc tng ch ca ngi.

Chng hn, c mt s lun in, vn khng phi l nhng tc phm ca

ngi, th m vn c ngi cho l ca ngi sng tc, nh quyn Thp Bt

Khng Lun do ngi Chn dch, ni dung ni v mi tm loi Khng,


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Phn Gii Thiu

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m li cng ni n Duy thc. C ngi thy b lun ni v Khng, bn cho

rng ca ngi Long Th sng tc, nhn y li cn cho rng ngi tn sng

Duy thc. Thc ra, Thp Bt Khng Lun l mt phn ca quyn BinTrung Bin Lun (bao gm mt phn ca phm Bin Tng v mt phn

ca phm Bin Chn Thc) do ngi Chn dch, th nn, truyn thuyt

cho rng do ngi Long Th sng tc l hon ton v cn c. Li cn quyn

Thch Ma Ha Din Lun, l quyn ch gii ca b i Tha Khi Tn Lun.

Quyn Din Lun ny r rng l mt ngy tc ca cc hc gi i ng,

th nhng, nhng k khng hiu r, li cho rng do ngi trc tc. Ngoi ra,cn rt nhiu ngy tc khc ca Mt tng, li cng dthy r rng hn l

khng phi ca ngi, khng ng cho chng ta ch trch. Bi th, mun hiu

r Long Th, chng ta ch c th t nhng tc phm ca ngi tm ti. Nu

khng phi l tc phm ca ngi, chng ta phi nn bin bit r rng, vt

chng ra khi hc thuyt ca Long Th, v t y mi c th nhn thc

c bn ngha ca ngi mt cch thun khit v chnh xc.

Theo truyn thuyt, sch ch gii ca Trung Lun c n hn by

mi b. Gn y, theo truyn thuyt Ty Tng, tt c c tm b: (1) V

y Lun, c ngi ni b ny do chnh ngi Long Th sng tc, k thc,khng phi nh vy; iu ny c th thy r, l v trong b lun ny c dn

dng nhng li ca ngi B (l t ca ngi Long Th); (2) da vo b

V y Lun m lm ra, c b Lun Thch ca ngi Pht H; (3) da vo b

Lun Thch ca ngi Pht H lm ra, c b Hin C Lun ca ngi Nguyt

Xng; (4) Bt Nh ng Lun ca ngi Thanh Bin; (5) Thch Lun ca

ngi An Hu; (6) Thch Lun ca ngi B Tt Ma; (7) Thch Lun ca


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Long Th

- Trung Qun Lun

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ngi C Noa Tht Li; (8) Thch Lun ca ngi C Noa Mt . Bn b

trc l t tng chnh thng ca cc nh Trung Qun, cn bn b sau l s

gii thch b Trung Lun theo kin gii ca cc nh Duy Thc. B TrungLun c phin dch Trung Hoa, ch yu l b Lun Thch ca ngi

Thanh Mc do ngi Cu Ma La Thp dch. B ny, tng cn vi b V

y Lun c lu truyn Ty Tng, cc phn vn chng ngha l u

n gin, thit yu; c th ni l mt trong nhng b ch gii sm nht ca

Trung Lun. Li cn quyn Bt Nh ng Lun ca ngi Thanh Bin, do

ngi Minh Tri Thc i ng dch, quyn Thch Lun ca ngi An Hu,do ngi Thi H i Tng dch, u c th tham kho. B Thun Trung Lun

ca ngi V Trc, ni tm tt i ca Trung Lun, ngoi ra ngi Chn

cng c dch b Thch Lun ca ngi La Hu La Bt La, th nhng

ch mi dch c mt phn, m phn ny cng b tht lc t lu.

Hin nay, quyn lun m chng ta ang ging gii, l do ngi Cu

Ma La Thp phin dch. Ngi La Thp lc by tui theo m, t nc Quy

T, vt qua Thng Lnh, n nc K Tn bc n tu hc Pht php.

Ngi K Tn ba nm th quay v qu nh. Trn ng v nc, i qua

nc S Lc (hin nay vng Tn Cng), ngh vi ngy, th gp mthc gi i tha, vn l hong t ca nc Sa Xa, tn l Tu Li Da T Ma.

Ngi La Thp nghe ngi Da T Ma phng bn cnh c kinh i Tha,

khi nghe n "Khng", "bt kh c", ngi La Thp ly lm kinh d, cm

gic rng nhng iu ny khng ging nh s hc ca mnh (Hu b A t

m), bn qua phng ca ngi Da T Ma cht vn v bin lun. Kt qu

ngi La Thp tip th kin ca ngi Da T Ma, v theo ngi Da T Ma


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Phn Gii Thiu

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hc tp nhng b lun i tha, nh Trung Lun, Thp Nh Mn Lun,

v.v... Vo triu i Dao Tn, ngi n Trung Quc hong dng Pht

php, ng thi em nhng lun in v Tnh Khng truyn nhp vo ncny. S dch thut ca ngi c nh hng rt su rng n nn Pht gio

i tha Trung Hoa. Gn nh tt c, trc tip hay gin tip, u th

nhn s nh hng ca ngi. Nu khng c s truyn dch ca ngi La Thp,

c l Pht gio Trung Quc khng c c nhng sc thi nh ngy hm

nay. Nu chng ta nhn t phng din vn ha th gii, i php ca su

rng nh th ca c Th Tn li do mt a tr mi hn mi tui tip thv truyn b, c th ni y l mt s kin rt k c. c bit l b Trung

Lun v Thp Nh Mn Lun do ngi truyn dch v bo tn n ngy nay.

Chng ta i vi cng nghip phin dch ca ngi, mi gi mi khc, phi

nn ghi lng tc d.

Bn lun c trch lc t quyn Lun Thch ca ngi Thanh Mc, dongi La Thp phin dch ti Tiu Dao Vin. Quyn Lun Thch ny, cc cao

ca ngi La Thp, nh ngi m nh, Tng Du, v.v... u nhn xt l

c nhiu ch khng c hon ho. Quyn Trung Lun S ca ngi m

nh a ra bn iu li lm ca quyn Lun Thch ny. Cho nn, phn

trng hng ca quyn Lun Thch hin nay, l do cc t ca ngi La

Thp tu chnh li.

:

B lun ny, gi tt l Trung Lun, nu y th phi gi l Trung

Qun Lun. Ni dung ca b lun ny l lm sng t php trung qun, cho


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Long Th

- Trung Qun Lun

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nn gi l Trung Qun Lun. Trung, c ngha l chnh xc, chn thc, ri

khi s in o h lun, m khng b ri vo hai cc oan, l khng v hu.

Th tnh ca php qun ny l tr tu, cn cng dng ca n l qun st, thng. Dng tr tu qun st s chn thc ca cc php. Ci tr tu bit r thc

tng ca cc php, m khng qun s in o hu v, gi l trung qun.

Trong Kinh A Hm, chnh kin trong Bt Chnh o, tc l ch ny gi l

trung qun. Chnh tc l trung, cn kin tc l qun, chnh kin tc l trung

qun. Hai php ny, tuy mt m hai, tuy hai m mt.

Qun tu c ba loi: do s nghe php, c tng kinh in m c, th

gi l vn tu; do s suy ngm, gn lc ngha ca Php m c, th gi l

t tu; do s qun st tu hnh tng ng vi nh tm m c, th gi l tu

tu. Li cn c thc tng tu, l s hin chng Khng Tnh. Php qun thqun thng c trc sau, do vn tu, t tu gn lc (Hn: quyt trch

) cc php khng c t tnh, tuy cha tng ng vi nh tm, nhng vnc th gi l trung qun. Hn na, nn bit rng, tu tu hu lu tng ng

vi nh tm, cng c s tm ti gn lc qun st, ch khng phi ch l bit

r m thi.

i tng ca s qun st l trung, tc l chnh php v duyn khi.

Qun tu chnh xc, qun st chnh php v duyn khi, m thng t ctng chn thc ca php duyn khi ny, cho nn trung qun tc l qun

trung. iu m bn lun mun ch r, tc l chnh php duyn khi, i

tng ca s chnh qun. iu ny c th thy c t bi k "bt bt" 2.

Trong phn khi u ca bn lun, trc tin, ni n bt bt, k xng

tn c Pht l bc "c th ni ln php (bt bt) nhn duyn (duyn khi)",

v hn na, "trong cc gio php, Ngi nht". Bt bt l tng chn


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Phn Gii Thiu

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thc ca duyn khi, ci duyn khi "bt bt" ny, mi l chnh php duyn

khi ca c Pht. Duyn khi l ni ln rng tt c php u nng vo

nhn, da vo duyn m sinh khi, m tn ti; khng mt php hin huno m khng c nguyn nhn. iu ny, trong Kinh A Hm, c Pht

c bit cp n. C mt ngoi o n hi c Pht ging v php g,

Ngi bn tr li: "Ta ni php duyn khi", hoc tr li: "Ta bn lun v

nhn (duyn), ging ni v nhn (duyn)". y chnh l c cht ca Pht

Php, khng ging vi bt c mt hc thuyt no ca th gian. Chng ta,

t ca c Pht, cn phi c bit nm vng vn ny.

Duyn khi l php tc ph bin v tnh nhn qu. Tt c mi php tn

ti, u l duyn khi. Nu ni mt cch phim din, tt c php duyn khi,

hoc ln nh th gii, hoc nh nh vi trn, mt cnh hoa, mt cng c,

khng c php no khng l php duyn khi; mt cch su sc hn, c th

ni: "Trung tm im ca duyn khi lun ca Pht Gio, chnh l s tn tica nhng chng sinh sinh dit khng ngng". c Pht ni v duyn khi,

tc l ni v mi hai mt xch ca duyn khi sinh t: "Ci ny c nn ci

kia c, ci ny sinh nn ci kia sinh; ci ny khng nn ci kia khng, ci

ny dit nn ci kia dit". y tc l nh ngha ca duyn khi, ngha l

"V minh duyn hnh, hnh duyn thc, ..., a n s t tp ca s kh.

V minh dit tc hnh dit, hnh dit tc thc dit, ..., a n s dit trca s kh". y chnh l ni dung ca duyn khi. Tt c mi s mi vt

u l duyn khi, th nhng, s nhn thc v duyn khi ca chng sinh c

chnh xc hay khng, iu ny c th phn lm ba loi: (1) Phm phu: tt c

nhng hot ng ca thn tm ca phm phu, khng c g khng phi l

duyn khi. Bn h mi ngy u trong s vn hnh ca duyn khi, chu

s chi phi ca duyn khi, th nhng vn khng bit n l duyn khi, do


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Long Th

- Trung Qun Lun

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cng chng th nhn vo duyn khi m c gii thot. (2) Thanh Vn:

c Pht i vi hng Thanh Vn ni v php duyn khi, nhng bn h v

mong cu mau chng Nit Bn, cho nn t s chnh qun cc php nhnqu duyn khi, thng t c v ng, v ng s, la b s tri buc phin

no sinh t, c s gii thot. Bn h, phn ln khng chu t trong php

duyn khi, nhn su vo bn tnh khng tch ca tt c cc php, m li t

qun tu "duyn khi v thng, v thng nn kh, kh nn v ng, vng

s", chng c ng khng; v do y cm nhn rng: "sinh t b dit tn,

phm hnh thnh, vic lm xong,khng cn th thn i sau". Bn ht duyn khi v thng, ri b chp kin v nhn ng, tuy chng nhp

Khng Tnh, thy c s tch dit (cc php khng khi khng dit) ca

duyn khi, th nhng, vn cha th thy c cc php duyn khi l v

t tnh, cho nn vn cha c coi l thy chnh php duyn khi mt cch

vin mn (thu trit). (3) B Tt: Cc ngi bit r bn tnh khng tch ca

cc php duyn khi. Trong Tnh Khng, khng ph hoi php duyn khi,m vn c th thy c duyn khi nh huyn, nh ha, c th thu sut

duyn khi Tnh Khng, khng b chng ngi. Cc hc gi Thanh Vn

chn chnh, ri b i dc, c s gii thot, tuy bn h ch chng ng

khng, nhng cng khng chp trc cc php l thc c. Cn nhng k

cha ri b c i dc, hoc chp trc cc php duyn khi u l thc

c, hoc chp trc ngoi php duyn khi, c mt ci khng tch bit lptn ti. K chp c th a vo thng kin, cn k chp khng th a vo

on kin. C hai u khng th chn chnh thy c trung o. Kinh Bt

Nh ni: "B Tt lc ngi o trng, qun st php mi hai nhn duyn

bt sinh bt dit, nh tng h khng, khng c cng tn, y l php diu

qun trung o bt cng ca B Tt". B Tt dng php diu qun trung

o bt cng vi Thanh Vn ny, ph v nhng s chp trc v thc hu


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Phn Gii Thiu

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(khng phi Tnh Khng), cng nhng s chp trc vo t khng (khng

phi duyn khi), khng ri vo on kin hoc thng kin, thng t

thc tng ca duyn khi. Diu qun trung o ca B Tt, chnh l phptrung qun m bn lun ang mun thuyt minh.

C ngi cho rng php duyn khi l trung tm im (Hn: hch tm) ca Pht Gio, chng ta ch cn thuyt minh v duyn khi l , cng phi bn rng v Tnh Khng? Ni nh vy l hiu bit php duyn khi

mt cch qu cn ct. Kinh A Hm ni: "Php mi hai duyn khi, rtthm su, rt thm su, kh thy, kh hiu, rt kh thng t". Hn na:

"Tnh tch dit ca duyn khi, li cng kh hiu, li cng kh thng t".

Nn bit rng, lu chuyn sinh t, chng c Nit Bn, u l nng vo

php duyn khi ca th gian m khai hin. T phng din sinh dit ca

php duyn khi, ni r v th gian tp: "Ci ny c nn ci kia c, ci ny

sinh nn ci kia sinh". Nhn qu ca s sinh t ni tip, khng ngoi vngxch ca "hoc, nghip, kh". S tn ti ca s sinh sinh khng ngng ngh

ny l s lu chuyn tp nhim. Cn nu t phng din tch dit ca php

duyn khi, ni r v th gian dit: "Ci ny khng nn ci kia khng, ci

ny dit nn ci kia dit". S tch dit bt sinh ca ci cung lu sinh t, th

hin c th tnh tch dit ca php duyn khi, y l s chng c Nit

Bn thanh tnh. Nhn y, c th ni rng: "Bi do duyn khi nn c sinht, v cng bi do duyn khi nn c c s gii thot". Duyn khi l "ci

ny c nn ci kia c", m cng l "ci ny khng nn ci kia khng". iu

trng yu v cn bn ca php duyn khi l ni r c hai phng din ny.

Mt s hc gi Thanh Vn, em php hu vi sinh dit v php v vi tch

dit, xem nh hai php khc bit, cho nn mi em cc php nh: hu vi v

v vi (c bit l trch dit v vi), sinh t v Nit Bn, th gian v xut th


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Long Th

- Trung Qun Lun

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gian, xem chng (mi cp) nh hai php cch bit. Bn h khng bit rng

hu vi tc l v vi, th gian tc l xut th gian, sinh t tc l Nit Bn. Cho

nn, nu th ng c t tnh ca duyn khi xa nay vn l khng tch, ths t bn tnh khng tch ca cc php, th ng c s khng tch ca th

gian, cng s khng tch ca Nit Bn. Ci bin t chn thc (Hn: thc t)

ca th gian v bin t chn thc ca Nit Bn, hon ton khng c mt

cht sai bit. Kinh Bt Nh ni: "Sc tc l Khng, Khng tc l sc", cng

chnh l ngha ny.

T tnh khng ca cc php duyn khi, c ngha l tt c cc php

xa nay u nh th, nn gi l bn tnh khng. Bn tnh ca tt c cc php

u l khng tch, nhn v s in o ca chng sinh t v th, tr thnh

nhng s h lun ca sinh t. Nu nhng h lun ny b tr dit, th s chng

c s tch dit ca Nit Bn. Thc ra, y cng ch l ci xa nay vn

th3. Duyn khi t tnh khng, cho nn ni: "Thc tnh ca duyn khi lKhng, vng tng ca Tnh Khng l duyn khi". Nu nh khng ging

v Khng, lm sao c th khai hin c chn tng ca duyn khi? Lm

sao c th t s v ngi gia sinh dit v tch dit, thc hin c s tch

dit ca Nit Bn? Bn lun mun khai hin php duyn khi ca bt bt,

cho nn kin lp: "Th tc ch l gi danh, thng ngha l tt cnh

khng (Hn: Th tc trung duy gi danh, thng ngha trung tt cnhkhng)". Do y, hc thuyt ca ngi Long Th c th gi l Tnh Khng

Duy Danh Lun.

Php duyn khi, tc l tt c php trn th gian. Chng sinh i vi

s tng nhn qu ca duyn khi, cm thy l m, nh ngi ngm

hoa trong sng m, khng th hon ton hiu r. n nh php tnh ni ti


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Phn Gii Thiu

1

ca php duyn khi, ngi thng li cng m mt hn, khng th no

nhn bit c. c Pht chng ng c chn tng ca duyn khi, v

Ngi cng trit ch r ci php tnh su xa ny, tc l ba php n (baloi chn l). T phng din "khng thng hng" ca duyn khi sinh

dit, ch by "cc hnh v thng",st na sinh dit. Php duyn khi ly

hu tnh lm cn bn, cho nn t phng din duyn khi ha hp khng

ng nht, ch by "cc php v ng" cc duyn khng thc. T phng

din duyn khi tch dit, khng c cng khng sinh (Hn: phi hu bt sinh),

ch by "Nit Bn tch tnh" v vi khng tch. Php duyn khi, mt cch cth, ch r ba php n, tuy ba m l mt, tuy mt m l ba, mt cch v

ngi. Cc hc gi i sau, khng bit duyn khi tc l s khng tch cacc hnh (Hn: khng ch hnh), nn t lp trng "thc hu"gii thch php duyn khi. Nhng k ch trng n php n "cc hnh v

thng", khng quan tm n phn Nit Bn v vi, cn nhng k ch trng

n php n "tch dit chn thng", th li khng th thu trit v s sinhdit v thng. Thuyt duyn khi ly hu tnh lm gc, cho nn Kinh A

Hm c bit ch trng n cc php v ng (hu tnh khng c thc). Nu

nh ni mt cch su xa trit , hu tnh v cc php, u l duyn khi v

t tnh (v ng), y tc l t n cc php v ng (tt c php l Khng).

y khng phi l mt s nhn mnh hay xem trng thi qu, m ch l

mun gii thch lun "khng ch hnh" ca Kinh A Hm mt cch vinmn hn. Ci cc php v ng (tt c php khng) ny, qun trit c hai

phng din v thng v chn thng. "V thng tc Khng" ch r mt

cch chnh xc "duyn khi sinh dit". "Thng tch tc Khng" ch r mt

cch chnh xc "duyn khi tch dit".

Phm l s tn ti, t phi l duyn khi, m tn ti theo ngha


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Long Th

- Trung Qun Lun

2

duyn khi, t phi l v ng, v thng. Ch t lp trng ca duyn khi

Tnh Khng, mi c th thng t s vin dung v ngi ca ba php n.

Duyn khi Tnh Khng qun thng s "ng, tnh, thng, bin", qutsch tt c vng chp. Long Th Lun c bit hin th tt c php Khng,

tc l nht thc tng n ca php duyn khi. T duyn khi tc Khng,

bn n ba php n, mi bit l ba php n v nht thc tng n, l hon

ton khng c s mu thun. Quyt chc l khng c nhng s phn bit

mt cch my mc, nh ni: "Tiu tha ba php n, i tha nht thc

tng n", m ba php n tc l nht thc tng n. Trong php Thanh vn,ch trng n phng din hu tnh khng, tc l cc hnh v thng, cc

php v ng, Nit Bn tch tnh. Trong php i Tha, bao qut tt c cc

php, ch trng n phng din php khng, tc l s gi danh ca duyn

khi sinh dit, tnh Khng ca duyn khi khng thc, trung o ca duyn

khi tch dit (ci Khng cng khng).

Bn lun ni: "Cc php t nhn duyn sinh ra, c Pht ni chng

khng thc c, nn gi chng l php gi danh, m cng chnh l ngha

trung o(Hn: Chng duyn s sinh php, ng thuyt tc th khng, dicvi th gi danh, dic th trung o ngha,,, )." Ci thc tng tam nht4 v ngi ny tc l chnh

php duyn khi. Cc v Thanh Vn, mt cch thin cn, trc tip xut phtt phng din vng tng ca duyn khi, cho nn nhng iu m h th

nhn, tng i n thun, hn hp, ging nh khong khng gian ca l

chn lng. Cn cc v B Tt, mt cch su sc hn, xut pht t phng

din bn tnh ca duyn khi, cho nn nhng iu m h th nhn, tng

i thm su, rng ln, ging nh khong khng gian ca thi h. Phn trn,

chia lm ba phn thuyt minh: duyn khi, s tp dit ca duyn khi,


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duyn khi l tc khng tc gi tc trung. Tuy c ba phn khc nhau, k

thc, tt c ch l nhng iu m c Pht ni v chnh kin duyn khi.

Cc hc gi Trung Quc u cho rng s c sc ca hc thuyt ca

Long Th l s dung hp qun thng cc hc thuyt khc. iu ny qu

thc khng sai. Chng qua, tuy Long Th l mt hc gi tng hp5 cc hc

thuyt, nhng s tng hp ca ngi xuyn qua s ph phn, ch khngging nh cc hc gi thng thng, khng cn bit l s kin c nht qun

hay khng, c em chng ra nho trn vi nhau mt cch h hn n.

Hin nay, chng ta mun lm sng t ngha chn thc ca t tng ca

ngi Long th, do khng th khng cn mt s phn tch.

S c sc ca hc thuyt ca Long Th, tc l trong th tc , tt cch l gi danh, cn trong thng ngha l Tt Cnh Khng. Ci Tnh

Khng Duy Danh Lun ny, l t tng cn bn ca Pht Php i Tha,

m cng l i ngha cn bn ca Kinh A Hm. Cc Kinh i Tha vo

thi k u, u mt mc ln ting, cng nhn rng: "Thng ngha tt cnh

khng l ngha thu do, trit ". Cc hc gi i Tha thi k sau, tuy

cng cng nhn cc kinh ni v "Tt c php Khng" l do Pht ni, nhngli khng tha nhn "Tt c php Khng" l ngha thu o trit , m li

gii thch ( ngha ny) mt cch khc. Nhn y, Pht Php i Tha bn

bt u i vo con ng "diu hu bt khng".

y, c th phn lm hai phi: (1) ch trng n phng din chn

thng tch dit, (2) ch trng n phng din v thng sinh dit. Mun


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hiu r s khc bit gia hai phi ny, trc tin phi bit r s din bin

ca t tng. Ngi Long th nng vo Kinh Bt Nh, v.v..., ni v Tnh

Khng Duy Danh, chn tc v ngi. Th nhng mt s hc gi, nh cc nhVng Thc Lun, nghin cu t phng din th tc , cho rng thuyt l

"cc php ch l gi danh", khng phi l trit . Theo ca bn h, khng

th ni th tc ch l gi danh, l do l phi "nng vo ci thc thit

lp ci gi". Phi c php thc ti mi c th lp c php gi. Th nh,

chng ta l gi, th nhng nm un l php c thc; nng vo nm un

thc ti, mi c ci gi ng. Cho nn bn h ni rng: "Nu ci thc ti, mci gi danh nng ta vo, hon ton khng c, th ci gi danh cng

khng th no c thnh lp". y l php chn thc trong th tc , tc

l mi tm gii tnh ly ngn6 do nhn duyn sinh ra. Cc t tnh ly ngn,

chn thc hin hu ny, trong Duy Thc Lun, c gii thch l tm, tm

s php ca ba ci. bn h mun ni: "Cc php ly ngn do nhn duyn

sinh ra ny, ly ci thc h vng phn bit lm t tnh", v bn h nngvo y m thnh lp duy thc. Nh vy, th tc c th c phn lm hai

loi: (1) gi danh, tc l bin k chp tnh, c an lp bi s gi danh, (2)

chn thc, tc l y tha khi tnh, c an lp do t tnh. Ci bin k chp

tnh gi danh l cnh bn ngoi, l khng, cn ci y tha khi tnh chn thc

l thc trong, l c. Cho nn yu ngha ca Duy Thc Hc tc l: "ch c

tm thc khng c ngoi cnh". y l em th tc phn lm hai loi: gidanh hu v chn thc hu. iu ny, so vi hc thuyt ca Long Th, cho

rng cc php th tc ch l gi danh, r rng l c mt s khc bit rt xa.

Hn na, t quan im ny, c th thy c lp trng cn bn khc bit

gia hai bn. Cc nh H Vng Duy Thc Lun cho rng: "Nu ch trng

th tc u l gi danh, khng th no kin lp nhn qu", cho nn bn h y

theo l thi ca tng phi mnh, mt mc kch bc hc thuyt"Tt c ch l


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gi danh", l "c th khng". Bn h chp trc vo php duyn sinh th

(thc) chng phi khng, i n khi ri bin k chp tnh, chng nhp

duy thc tnh, th ci thng ngha duy thc tnh do Tnh Khng hin hinny, t nhin cng s l c thc. Nu vy, bn h cng ngm ngm bt

tay vi cc nh Chn Thng Duy Tm Lun.

Cc nh Chn Tm Lun, kho cu t phng din thng ngha, cho

rng "thng ngha nht thit khng" ca cc nh Trung Qun l khng liu

ngha (khng trit ). Xa nay, cc Kinh i Tha cng thng ni rngcc thnh gi Thanh Vn, sau khi chng nhp php tnh, u trm khng tr

tch, khng th t khng (Nit Bn) xut gi ( sinh), khng th pht tm

B chng sinh. iu ny c v cho rng Tnh Khng l khng rt ro.

K thc, Thanh Vn khng th "t khng xut gi", l v tm i bi ca h

yu t, nguyn lc ca h khng , cho rng sinh t dt, cho nn khng

th pht hnh nguyn ln, ch khng phi kinh i Tha ni php TnhKhng l khng rt ro. Nn bit l i hnh ca B Tt, n khi thnh Pht,

vn l nhp v d Nit Bn. Th nhng, cc nh Chn Tm Lun, li xemTnh Khng nh hon ton trit hy tt c (Hn: v k s v), chl ci Khng, chng c do ri la s tham nhim. Bn h cho rng: "B

Tt t Tnh Khng th nhp, khi ng nhp Khng Tnh, tt c u khng

phi khng (Hn: tn k s tn )". Hn na, theo bn h, chntnh ca cc php, tuy cng gi l Khng Tnh, nhng li bao hm v lng

v bin cng c thanh tnh, thc ti khng phi l khng. Cho nn Kinh

Nit Bn ni: "Khng nhng thy Khng, m cng thy chng khng". y

l s kin khng xem ch trng "thng ngha tt c php Khng" ca cc

nh Trung Qun l rt ro, cho nn em thng ngha phn lm hai loi:

khng v bt khng. Trong thi k sau ca Pht Php i Tha, nhng hc


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thuyt v Nh Lai Tng, Pht tnh, v.v..., u l c kin lp t ci quan

nim "trong Khng c ci chng khng" ny.

Cc nh Chn Tm Lun, ch trng n thng ngha , khng th t

trong "tt c php Khng" m kin lp ci i dng nh huyn (gi danh

hu), cho nn phi trong thng ngha m kin lp cc php thanh tnh

chn thc. y cng ging nh Kinh Anh Lc ni: "Tc , chn ,

nht ngha ", hoc Kinh Nit Bn ni: "Thy kh (tc ), khng kh

(chn thc khng), m c chn (chn thc khng phi khng)", y ul trong thng ngha m kin lp hai loi. Bn h em ci "chn thng bt

khng", xem nh mt thc th cu cnh, l thng tr chn tm. i n

khi tho lun n vn "m chn khi vng" ca cc php h vng th tc,

mt cch t nhin, h s ch trng: "nh tm ny sinh, nh cnh ny hin",

cng khai gia nhp vo hng ng ca cc nh Vng Thc Lun. Hai dng

t tng ln ca i Tha thi k sau ny, nu t lp trng ca Long ThHc m bnh lun ph phn, th s thy bn h khng hiu r php trung

qun v ngi ca duyn khi Tnh Khng, thnh th mt bn mi t th tc

chng khng, mt bn li t thng ngha chng khng, t t chuyn hng.

Cc Kinh i Tha ni v tt c php Khng, c rt lu trc thi

k ca Long Th. Ci tnh Khng ny, cn c gi l chn nh, thc tng,php tnh, thc t, v.v... Nhng k khng hiu r ngha chn thc ca tnh

Khng, t kin a ca thc ti lun m nhn thc, th thy n l chn, l

thc, l nh, ...T xa, c nhng k nh vy, th nhng lc vn cha

ni n Duy Tm. n triu i Cp a, khi Phm Ng Lun bt u qut

khi, i Tha cng bt u din tin mt cch cng nhin n chn tm

lun. Cng mt cu "tt c php Khng", cc nh Tnh Khng th thng t


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c "thng ngha tt cnh khng", cn cc nh Chn Thng Lun li

coi n (Khng) l thc th ca cc php thng tr. Ngi Tr Khi ni: "Ci

cng Khng ca thng gio, i vi thng gio l duyn khi tt c phpKhng, cn nu t Khng m thy c bt khng, th y l kin a ca

Bit gio v Vin gio". Ngi Tr Khi cho rng "trong Khng thy c

bt khng" l cu cnh, chng ta (n Thun) tuy khng th ng , th

nhng gii ng Tnh Khng c hai loi ngi cn c khc nhau, iu ny l

mt s thc hin nhin, khng th chi ci.

Sau khi cc Kinh in v "tt c php Khng"xut hin, c mt s

ngi xem "tt c php Khng" ny l chn thc thng tr, cho nn, nu

ni: "Trc ngi Long Th c nhng hc thuyt v chn thng diu

hu", iu ny khng phi l phi l. Th nhng, nhng hc thuyt , rt

ro khng phi l bn ngha ca tt c php Khng, m cng khng phi l

nhng tro lu t tng chnh vo lc by gi. Th nhng, t Khngchuyn n bt khng, cng vi phi Chn Thng Tm hp dng, t

tng t t din bin n Chn Thng Duy Tm Lun, nh cc Kinh Nit

Bn, Thng Man, Lng Gi, phi i n rt lu v sau ny (khong hai

trm nm sau Long Th) mi c. Cho nn, trong cc Kinh ny (Nit Bn,

v.v...) khi phn v ba gio, u cho rng: "Trc tin ni v hu, k ni

tnh Khng, n cui mi ni v chn thng (trong Khng c bt khng)".Hoc c ngi ni: "Trc ni v chn thng, sau ni v tnh

Khng". Nhm ny, em l thuyt "tt c tnh Khng bt sinh" ca cc kinh

trong thi k Long Th, nh Hoa Nghim, Bt Nh, u xem l chn

thng. ng vy, i vi nhng kinh in ny, nhng nh chn thng

lun rt ddng thy chng l ni v chn thng, chng qua, thi k trc

Long th, l thi i pht dng ca t tng "tt c php Khng", tuy c


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k xem chng (tnh Khng) l chn thng, nhng y khng phi l bn

ngha ca tnh Khng. Cn nh em chn thng Khng v chn thng

Tm phi hp bin thnh Chn Thng Duy Tm Lun, s kin ny xuthin rt tr so vi hc thuyt "tt c php Khng".

T nhng tc phm ca Long Th, chng ta thy nhng Kinh in m

ngi dn dng nh V Hnh, T ch, Tr Th, Duy Ma, Php Hoa, Thp

Tr, Bt Kh T Ngh Gii Thot, v.v..., u vn cha c nhng t tng r

rng ca Chn Thng Duy Tm Lun. Cho nn mun nghin cu hcthuyt ca Long Th, phi hiu r ci gi l "th tc bt khng" ca cc nh

Vng Tm Lun, cng nh "thng ngha bt khng" ca cc nh Chn Tm

Lun, th mi c th thy c ci c sc ca Long Th Hc.

Nhng phn trn cp n, l t ni dung ca b Trung Lun,

cng cc b lun khc ca ngi Long Th. By gi, chng ta s tho lun

phn ngha l ca b lun ny. Trc ht l lun v s v ngi ca khng v

hu. Trong t tng ca ngi Long Th, gi danh v Tnh Khng dung

thng v ngi, th nhng, ci diu ngha v ngi "tc khng tc hu", cnphi c chnh kin trung qun mi c th thu r c. Nu khng c

phng tin, nhng ngi bnh thng s khng th no lnh hi c ci

ngha "tc khng tc hu" ny, m tri li i vi h, iu ny hnh nh

bin thnh nhng cuc huyn m vu v v h v. Do , by gi chng ta

s nng vo ngha ca b lun ca ngi Long Th, gii thch mt cch

n gin cho mi ngi hiu.


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i

Pht Php l nng vo s chng ng ca c Pht m thi thit. iu

m c Pht chng ng, tc l chnh php duyn khi. Xa nay, php

ny vn khng th dng li ni m din t c, th nhng, nu khng ni

ra, th khng th no lm cho chng sinh thu r, thm nhp, do , khng

th no khng dng phng tin ging ni. y phi dng phng php

no? Trung Lun ni: "V chng sinh cho nn ch Pht, nng vo nh m thuyt php, th nht l dng th tc , th hai dng nht ngha ".

Nh tc l phng php kho lo nht. Thng ngha , l cnh gii c

th m cc bc thnh chng ng, khng phi l ch m phm phu c th

hiu r c. Cnh gii tr tu th thng ca c Pht, ging nh Kinh

Php Hoa ni: "c Nh Lai nhn thy ba ci, khng ging nh ci nhn

ca phm phu, tuy khng ging m cng khng khc(Hn: Nh Lai kin tam gii, bt nh tam gii s kin, phi nh phi d ,,)". i tng c nhn thy, u l duyn khi ca baci, th nhng ch thu hiu li khng ging nhau. Do nhn thy c vo

tn y su ca s th thng, cho nn gi l thng ngha . Cn th tc ,

l ch cho cnh gii nhn thc thng thng ca phm phu, nh nhng s

tng bin i h vng ca th gian. Nhng iu m k phm phu thyc, tuy cng l php duyn khi, nhng h nhn thc khng c chnh

xc, khng nhn thy c chn tng ca n, ging nh mt k mang knh

mu nhn s vt. Cho nn mi ni: "B v minh che lp, nn gi l th tc".

c Pht thuyt php, l nng vo nhng cnh gii thng thng m

nhn loi nhn thc c, t ni ln s sai lm cn bn ca h, v nhn

y, a h vo cnh gii ca nhng bc thnh. Do y, cc bc c c u


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gi nh l "hai ca phm v thnh".

Nh trong Kinh c ni: "Cc php tuy hin hu, nhng li l v s hu,phm phu v khng bit cc php l v s hu, cho nn gi l v minh (Hn:

Ch php v s hu, nh th hu, nh th v s hu, ngu phu bt tri, danh vi

v minh)". Do v v minh, nn khng thy cc php l khng c t tnh, m

li chp trc l chng quyt chc c nhng t tnh nh vy nh vy, do

tr thnh th tc . Nu thu r c cc php l Khng v t tnh, th s

thy c tng chn thc ca cc php, l thng ngha . Cho nnmi ni: "Th tc , tc l tt c cc php l Khng, nhng v th gian in

o, cho nn sinh ra cc php h vng, i vi th gian l chn thc; (nhng)

cc v hin thnh bit r tnh cht in o, bit r tt c php l Khng, l

v sinh. i vi cc v thnh, y l nht ngha , y gi l chn thc".

Hai iu ny l phng thc cn bn m c Pht dng thuyt php. Ch

cn t iu cn bn ny, tin thm mt bc, ri b h vng, tin nhp vos chn thc, th ng tng chn thc ca cc php. Khng th b th lp

ca s tu tin, m vi ngh n nhng l thuyt vin dung7.

c Pht nng vo php duyn khi ni gio php nh , mcch l mun chng ta nng vo th tc hiu r nht ngha . Bi

v "nu khng nng vo th tc d, khng th chng nht ngha ",

cho nn phi ni th tc . Tuy ni n nh , nhng trng tm li t vo

thng ngha khng, bi v "Nu khng chng c nht ngha, t s khng

chng c Nit Bn". Ci ngha ny rt quan trng. Chng sinh lun

chuyn trong sinh t, khng tm ra bin php no thot ly, cn bnh


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Phn Gii Thiu

2

chnh l do s chp trc t tnh l c thc. Nu c th ph v s vng chp

vo t tnh ny, hiu r tt c cc php l Khng v t tnh, th t nhin mi

s u s c gii quyt. Trong php duyn khi, s v ngi ca khng vhu (vin dung), l tng chn thc ca cc php, th nhng, chng ch l

cnh gii chng ng ca cc bc thnh. Cn chng ta, ch c th xem cnh

gii l mt l tng cao siu, mc tiu m chng ta ang mun tm n.

Chng ta c th thc r cnh gii , nhng chng ta khng th do qun

tng s vin dung m c gii thot. i vi phm phu, khi cha ph tr

c mt my may s chp trc ca mnh vo t tnh, iu trc tin lnn ch trng vo s thu trit tt c cc php l Khng, phi lo ph cho

c ci ca i ny, m ng t phm phu vo ci thnh xong, sau

s bn tip.

Th tc l tt c cc php m phm phu nhn thc c. Ch nhn

thc ca phm phu, u l in o h vng, xa nay vn khng th cgi l . Nhng v, trong tm cnh ca phm phu, c s hin khi ca ci

tng hnh nh chn thc ny, cho nn h chp l chn thc. Do y, ch

Pht v ty thun theo th gian, cho nn cng ni l chn thc; tuy chng

sinh c cm tng rng mi s (th tc ) l chn thc, th nhng dy

khng phi l iu ng tin8. Bi th, c Pht ch im cho chng ta

nhng iu sai lm ca s nhn thc, l v mun nu r s chn thc cacnh gii chng ng ca cc bc thnh, hu khin cho phm phu nht tm

tin bc tm cu th tnh chn thc ca cc php. Mun t n iu ny,

trc tin cn phi ph tr s h vng khng thc, m by ngha l v s v

t tnh ca cc php. Nhng ngi thng thng u c cm tng rng c

mt ci t tnh chn thc hin hu, nhng y l iu m hin nay chng ta

mun ph nhn. Bt u bng s qun st, cho n khi thu r ci "khng


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c t tnh chn thc" ny, chng ta mi c th nhn thy chn tng ca cc

php. iu ny rt l quan trng. Vin ly s sinh t h vng, tin nhp s

gii thot chn thc, u l t ch ny bt u.

T tnh l g? T tnh tc l t th. Nhng g m chng ta c th thy,

nghe, hay, bit n, chng ta u c cm tng l chng c mt t th chn

thc l nh vy nh vy. T cn bn ca s chp kin vo t tnh m ni,

chng ta tuy khng th nng vo s suy t phn bit, th nhng trong s

trc gic, chng ta cm nhn c mt nh tng ca "t tnh (chn thct thnh)", hin ra trong tm. Ci t tnh chn thc m chng ta cm nhn

ny, khng cn phi xuyn qua mt s suy lun no. Nhn v, trong trc

gic vn c ci sai lm cn bn ny, do tt c s lin tng, suy lun,

ngm ngh, v.v..., u bao hm s sai lc, v cng v y m cc hc gi th

gian ngy to ra khng bit bao nhiu kin gii sai lm. Ci sai lm ca

trc gic, gi l s sai lm cu sinh, cn ci sai lm t nhng s suy lun,v.v..., gi l s sai lm do phn bit sinh ra.

Ci t tnh hu, do trc gic cm nhn, m khng qua trung gian ca s

suy lng phn bit, lm cho chng ta khng th trc gic (hin lng) rng

tt c cc php ch l do s ha hp m hin hu. Ci t tnh hu, khng do

cc duyn ha hp ny, (chng ta) s ng nhin cm nhn n l tn tic lp, l mt c th c thc. Ging nh nhng k m chng ta nhn thy,

(chng ta) u trc gic rng h l nhng c th, m khng bit rng h ch

l do nhn duyn ha hp, do cc b phn hp thnh. Bi vy, s t thnh

ca t tnh hu, chc chn s c ci "cm gic v s c lp tn ti" lm bn

vi n. T s c lp tn ti s a n s i ch. Chng ta c cm tng

rng ci ny v ci kia, l s i lp ca tng c th. Khng lun tn ti hay


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i ch, c hai u l s sai lm nh nhau. Trn phng din trit hc,

nhng trit thuyt nh nht nguyn lun, nh nguyn lun, a nguyn lun,

v.v... u l bt ngun t s nhn thc sai lm v s c lp tn ti ny. Cicn bn m bn h mun tm cu l ci mt, th nhng, sau khi pht hin s

bt thng ca ci mt, h lin quay ra ging v ci hai, ci nhiu. i n

khi pht hin ci haicng nhng ci khc c s c s lin h mt thit khng

th tch ri nhau, bn h bn quay tr li ni v ci mt. Th nhng, d l

bn h c ging ni v ci mt, hay ci nhiu, nu s lm ln cn bn v t

tnh cn tn ti, th kt qu vn l b tc, khng thng.

i vi ci t tnh hu, m chng ta cho l t sinh thnh v c lp tn

ti, trn phng din trc gic, chng ta khng th bit c n l sinh dit

bin ha, m li c cm tng n l thng hng bt bin. Ging nh mt

ngi, t lc nh n lc gi, tuy chng ta trong khi suy ngm, cng c cm

tng rng ci s cao, thp, mp, m, gi, tr ca h, c rt nhiu bin i.Th nhng, v b ci chp kin v t tnh che m l tr, tuy cng tri qua s

nghin ngm phn tch, nhng chng ta vn c cm tng rng y ch l

s bin i bn ngoi, cn bn trong vn l ci ngi m chng ta gp t

trc. Do y bit rng, s suy ngm phn bit cn khng nhn thy c

s bin ha, hung chi l s trc gic. S thc, tt c cc php, khng lc

no m khng trong trng thi bin i. c Pht ni cc hnh v thng,tc l trong mi mt st na (khong thi gian ngn nht) cng c s bin i,

sinh dit. Bi v, chng ta trn phng din trc gic, khng th pht hin

ci tnh bin ha ca cc php, nn mi cho rng chng l thng hng.

Cc hc gi th gian cng ham chung bn lun v s thng hng ny, v

y l gc ca cn bnh kin chp ca h. Li c mt s hc gi, trong s

lin tng ca thc, cng c cm nhn s v thng, nhng v b ci kin


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chp v s thng tr lm m m, khng th hiu r ngha chn thc ca

s v thng, cho nn, nu khng chp l "ngoi ng trong tnh", th li

cho rng trc sau khng c s lin h, v iu ny a n chp kin v son dit. on kin ch l mt mt khc ca thng kin, trn cn bn, c

hai khng c g khc bit, cng ging nh mt v hai.

Tng qut, nh phn trn ni qua, t tnh c ba ngha: (1) T hu:

tc l t th chn thc l nh vy. iu ny tri ngc vi chnh kin v s

sinh l do nhn duyn ha hp. (2) c nht: v khng thy c th tnhca s nng ta tn ti, nn cho rng mi php l mt c th, l c s i

lp. (3) Thng tr: khng thy c s bin i trc sau, nn cho rng

cc php l thng hng, nu khng li cho l on dit. Ba ngha ca t

tnh, nng vo hai bi k u ca phm Qun Hu V m kin lp. V c

ci s lm ln cn bn v " mt tc l ba, ba tc l mt " ny, m chng ta

sinh khi cc s chp trc. Nhng l lun ca cc tn gio, trit hc trnth gian, v khng tha nhn tt c l Khng, rt cuc, u khng khi ri

vo s sai lm chp kin v t tnh ny. c Pht ni tt c php u l

duyn khi, duyn khi l khng c t tnh, y l mt phng tin thn

diu nht qut sch ci sai lm cn bn ny. Duyn khi v t tnh, nh

huyn nh ha, mi c th thnh lp s v thng m khng phm vo li

on dit, khng c s tn ti ca nhng t th c lp, m cng khng ccc s i lp mt cch my mc. Tuy khng c t tnh, bt sinh (Hn: phihu bt sinh), m li c th ty duyn nh huyn nh ha. Phnu ca bn lun ni: "Chng phi sinh, cng chng phi dit, chng phi

thng, cng chng phi on, chng phi ng nht, chng d bit", tc l

mun ni r v ngha ny. Bi th, Khng tc l s qut sch ci t tnh

kin ny. Gi nh, chng ta tha nhn ci chp kin v t tnh l ng,


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khng nhng trn phng din lun l khng th thuyt minh tt c s l,

m cn, nhn v ci cn bn v minh chp trc ny, tr thnh gc ci cho

s lu chuyn sinh t, khng th gii thot. Ci chp kin v t tnh, khngphi ch ring nhn loi mi c, m ngay c nhng loi ng vt h ng,

nh heo, nga, b, ch, v.v..., bn chng, trn phng din trc gic, cng

c s sai lm in o ny, chng qua, bn chng khng th dng ngn t

din t m thi. Ci chp kin v t tnh ny, nu chp vo php, th

c gi l php ng kin (php chp), cn nu chp vo hu tnh, th c

gi l nhn ng kin (ng chp). Ph tr c ci chp kin v t tnh ny,tc l chng c php khng v ng khng. c Pht ni v php nh l

mun lm cho chng ta c th thng t c thng ngha khng.

Php duyn khi l c sc ca Pht Php; tng t, Khng cng l

c sc ca Pht Php. Th nhng, nhn v s nhn thc ca cc hc gi c

su c cn, cho nn Khng c ba loi khc nhau: (a) Phn ph khng: Ccnh Thin Thai gi l tch php khng (tch, ngha l phn tch), tc l trong

khi qun st cc s vt, dng phng php phn tch, l gii chng ch l

s gi hp, l khng, v thc th. Nh mt quyn sch, nu em phn tch

thnh tng t, tng trang, th c th hin xut l n khng c t th chn

thc. Ci phn ph khng ny, c th lm cho chng ta thng t chn

tng, gii thot khi sinh t hay khng? Khng th! Phng php ny,khng phi l ci m hc thuyt Long Th mun pht huy. Cc hc gi th

gian, cng hc gi Tiu Tha, u ni v ci khng ny. Ci khng ny

khng phi trit , khi qun st phn tch, n ci cht im khng th cn

phn tch c na, bn h tt nhin s chp trc (ci khng th phn tch

) l thc c. Cho rng tt c s vt u nng vo ci thc c ny m

c thnh lp. Cho nn, tuy ni khng, th nhng, kt qu li l bt khng.


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Ci bt khng ny, trn thc t, l phi duyn khi. Cng nh Hu B ni tt

c php l c, sc php l tng cc vi, tng cc vi, cn tm php l tng st

na, tng st na. y l ci hu qu (bt hnh) m php "phn ph khng" em n! (b) Qun khng: y cng c th gi l "duy thc khng", tc

l trn phng din kh lc, thin c ca tnh cm, tt c php u ty vo

quan nim m c s chuyn i. V nh tu tp php qun Du Gi, chng hn

nh thp nht thit x, bt tnh qun, v.v..., u c th t n s th

nghim v ci cnh "ty tm bin hin" ny. Nh la l c mu , l nng,

th nhng i vi cc nh Du Gi, n c th s khng l , khng l nngna. Cnh ty tm chuyn, cho nn cnh l khng. "Cnh bt thnh thc"(Hn:) ca Tiu Tha Kinh B, hoc "Hu tm v cnh" ca iTha Duy Thc, u l c din ha thnh lp t s chng nghim php

qun khng ny. Ci khng ny, so vi phn ph khng, tuy su sc hn i

cht, nhng vn l cha c trit , bi v cui cng vn l bt khng!

Cnh ty tm chuyn, cnh ng nhin l khng, th nhng, tm li khngphi l khng. Long Th Hc, v mun thch ng vi nhng chng sinh c

cn c thp, nn i lc cng dng hai loi khng ny. Chng qua, hai

phng php ny khng th a n s th ng chn l, khng th chng

c gii thot. (c) Bn tnh khng: tc l qun st t tnh ca tt c cc php,

xa nay vn l khng. Khng phi cnh khng, cng khng phi cnh

chng khng, m qun tng l khng. Tt c cc php t nhn duyn sinh,duyn sinh ch l huyn tng ca s ha hp, bi th, qun st ci gi l t

tnh chn thc, th thy rng chng chng c mt my may thc th no c.

Khng c ci t tnh thng tr, c lp, t thnh, nn gi l Tnh Khng;

m Tnh Khng cng khng phi l s ph nh ph hoi nhn qu, m ch

mun ni tt c cc php u l gi danh. T ci duyn sinh v t tnh ny

h th, c th trc tip ph tr c ci kin chp cn bn v t tnh. Phm


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l tn ti th phi l duyn khi, hl duyn khi th phi l Tnh Khng, t

thu trit "Tt c php khng", v do y s khng cn min cng vn

vo, un nn ra mt ci "bt khng" na. T tnh, l s vng hin ca shun tp t v th, hn na, chng sinh nhn v s nhn thc khng chnh

xc cho nn chp trc. T tnh l mt s in o cn bn, cn php duyn

khi th khng phi nh vy. Cho nn, ph tr ci t tnh ny, ch l hin

xut ci bn tng ca n, ch khng phi l hy hoi nhn qu. K hc tp

gio php, t cc phng php khc nhau, thu r ci t tnh ny l bt kh

c; k tu tp qun mn, trc tip qun st ci t tnh ny l bt kh c.Sau khi tiu tr c s lm ln cn bn kin chp v t tnh ny, th c th

chng ng c v t tnh khng ca cc php, tin nhp cnh gii ca cc

bc thnh. y l Tnh Khng qun, l chn ca c Pht khi ging ni

v Khng.

c Pht ni v Khng, mc ch l mun dn t chng ta thy c

chn tng ca duyn khi. Chng ta, v c chp kin v t tnh, nn khng

th thu sut c duyn khi, vnh vin phi lun chuyn trong vng sinh

t h lun. Mun nhn thc duyn khi, iu trc tin l phi hiu v

Khng, tr dit chp kin v t tnh, mi c th nhn thy c duyn khiv t tnh, xa nay vn l khng tch. Ch c trong Tt Cnh Khng, mi

c th trit thng t c nhn, qu, tnh, tng, lc, v dng ca

duyn khi. Chng qua, thng t tnh Khng. c hai loi ngi: (1) n

cn (cn c m n): tc l nhng k hc i Tha chng ng cnh gii

Khng ging nh hng Tiu Tha chng nhp "n khng (ch thy khng,

khng thy bt khng)". Bn h bit rng cc php do nhn duyn sinh l


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3

Tt Cnh Khng, v t tnh. Trong lc nghe php (vn), suy t, tu tp, qun

st Tnh Khng, h qun Tnh Khng nhng vn khng ri duyn khi. Bn

h tuy bit rng, duyn khi l nhn duyn hu, gi danh hu, th nhng,nhn v qu thin trng v Tnh Khng, cho nn khi chng ng, bn h ch

thy c tnh khng tch ca php duyn khi, cn tng duyn khi (nh

huyn) tm thi n mt (khng hin tin). Tuy vy, ci Khng Tnh m cc

hnh gi ny chng c, vn l trit , rt ro. (2) Li cn: nhm ny, tr

tu thm hu, tinh nhu. Trong lc nghe php, suy t, gn lc, qun st

duyn khi v t tnh khng. n lc chng c, tuy thng t c s tchdit ca V t tnh Khng, nhng li khng qu thin trng v Khng, cho

nn gi l "bt kh c khng". Tuy bn h c th khng qun st duyn

khi, nhng ng thi li c th trong Khng, thu r c ci tng nh

huyn uyn nhin ca tt c cc php. y tc l "Tnh Khng khng

chng ngi duyn khi, duyn khi khng chng ngi Tnh Khng". Th

nhng, i vi nhng hnh gi (n cn) ch chng Khng Tnh, lc ubn h khng th ng thi qun khng v hu, n lc Bt Nh Tr chng

c Khng, ci tng duyn khi li khng hin tin, i n lc Phng

Tin Tr c th hiu r ci tng nh huyn ca duyn khi, li khng th

chnh kin c s khng tch. Kinh in, nng vo cn tnh thng

thng (n cn) ca chng sinh, nn ni: "Lc Bt Nh Tr nhp Tt Cnh

Khng, dit tt c h lun, lc Phng Tin Tr xut Tt Cnh Khng, trangnghim Pht quc, thnh thc chng sinh (Hn: Bt Nh tng nhp tt

cnh khng, tuyt ch h lun, phng tin tng xut tt cnh khng,nghim thc sinh,,,)"; hoc ni: "Tu nhn, i tt c cc php, u khng c ch thy(Hn: Tu nhn nht thit v s kin)", y cng l nhm vo nhng

k n cn m ni. Cc B Tt n cn ny, lc va chng Tnh Khng v


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sinh, ch Pht lin n khuyn nhc, mi thnh, th mi t thin cn ca bn

nguyn i bi, m "t khng xut gi", trong duyn khi huyn ha ca

Tnh Khng m trang nghim Pht , thnh thc chng sinh. Cn cc vB Tt tr tu thng li, chng c "bt kh c khng", c th qun "khng

hu ng thi, khng hu v ngi". i vi cc v thnh c th ny, Kinh

ni: "Tu nhn khng ch no thy, nhng khng ch no khng thy(Hn:Tu nhn v s kin, nhi v s bt kin ,)". Phithnh tu c phng tin, mi c th chng nhp Khng Tnh. Trong

Kinh, hoc ni hng Tiu tha trm khng tr tch, hoc ni B Tt chchng Tnh Khng, th nhng, khng th nhn y m cho rng Tnh

Khng khng liu ngha, hoc ly y lm cn c cho ci gi l "chn tnh

bt khng". Bi v, d c t n cnh gii khng hu v ngi, thy c

"gi danh m l tnh khng, khng tch m l gi danh", ca cc v B Tt,

th cnh gii hin nhin vn l khng, m khng phi bt khng; iu ny

khc bit vi t tng ca cc nh Chn Thng Lun. Cc nh Tam LunTng, Thin Thai Tng ca Trung Quc, u em ci l "khng hu dung

hp v ngi" ny ng nht n vi t tng v diu hu "khng m thc s

bt khng" ca cc nh Chn Thng Lun. S khc bit cn bn gia cc

nh Tnh Khng v cc nh Chn Thng, l: (a) cc nh Tnh Khng cho

rng Khng l trit rt ro, cn s hu ch l duyn khi gi danh, (b) cc

nh Chn Thng Lun th cho rng Khng khng phi l trit , cn hul ci chn thc, khng phi duyn khi. Tuy c hai loi cn tnh khc nhau,

th nhng kt qu vn l nht tr. Trn phng din tu hnh chng c, tuy

nhin, hoc thy "tt c php Khng", hoc thy trung o "tc khng tc

gi", th nhng phng php h th, cng l nht tr. Qun st thm su

t ng l "duyn sinh v tnh", ng nhp ng, ng s tt c php khng; t

ca Tnh Khng ny tin vo, hoc l thy Khng, hoc l t n khng


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hu v ngi. Ngi Long th ni: "V khng s c, nn khng b chng

ngi (Hn: d v s c c, c v s ngi)". Bi th, khng lun li cn,

n cn, u phi qun Khng trit (Hn: nht khng o );t khng nhp trung o, t n tng duyn khi rt ro ca ci "khng

duy danh". Nh vy, trong qu trnh tu tp, trc tin nn dng phng

php "tt c php khng", ph tr chp kin t tnh cn bn ca phm phu,

thng t php duyn khi tnh khng, sau chuyn nhp "diu cnh v

ngi", ch khng th lp tc bt u t php qun "tc khng tc hu, tc

hu tc khng"!

Bn lun, tuy gi tn l Trung Qun, nhng trng tm l mun ni r

php qun "tt c php Khng", thuyt minh t tnh ca tt c cc php bt

sinh bt dit, v.v..., l bt kh c. y khng phi khng ni v vin trung,

khng phi khng thm diu, m tri li l ch trng yu, l s chnh xc

thm su. Nhng k trc tip t php qun khng hu v ngi m khi tu,khng nhng khng hin minh c s gn lc v m ng, hn na, li cng

kh ph tr c ci chp kin cn bn v t tnh. Cc nh hc Pht Trung

Quc c cu: "Khng s khng thnh Pht, ch s khng bit thuyt

php". y chng ta cng c th ni th ny: "Ch s khng ph c

kin chp v t tnh, khng s khng vin dung". Xin cc v bt u hc

Pht, trc tin phi ph v cnh ca ngn cch phm thnh ny (tc lchp kin v t tnh), sau mi bn lun tip.

Lc c Pht cn ti th, cc t c ha u l Thanh Vn, th

nhng chnh Ngi li l k tu hnh B Tt m thnh Pht. C Pht v Thanh


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Vn, hai loi khc nhau, y l iu m cc hc phi i, Tiu Tha u

cng nhn. T tng ca bn lun l: "S gii thot sinh t ca Pht v

Thanh Vn ging nhau, ci cn bn ca s tri buc sinh t cng gingnhau". S lu chuyn ca sinh t l g? Tc l mi hai duyn khi: v minh

duyn hnh, hnh duyn thc, v.v... Hin nay ni duyn khi Tnh Khng,

tc l ph v vng xch duyn khi m c s gii thot. iu ny, khng

nhng Thanh Vn nh vy, m ngay c c Pht cng t trong duyn khi

m c gii thot. Cho nn ni: "Sinh t v gii thot l chung cho ba tha,

m cn bn ca sinh t cng l chung cho ba tha". K no khng th phtr c cn bn ca sinh t l s chp kin v t tnh, k khng th

c gii thot. Mun ph tr chp kin v t tnh, phi c Bt Nh Khng

Tr, cho nn Kinh Bt Nh ni: "Mun chng c Thanh Vn Tha, phi

hc Bt Nh Ba La Mt, mun chng c Duyn Gic Tha, phi hc Bt

Nh Ba la Mt, mun chng c B Tt Tha, phi hc Bt Nh Ba La

Mt". iu ny, c th thy rng, khng nhng sinh t cn bn v sinh tc l chung cho ba tha, m c trong vic tu hnh, ci tr tu qun st

(Hn: qun tu), cng u l tr tu thc tng Bt Nh. Ci t tng v s

cng chung ca ba tha, kh hp vi t tng Pht Gio cn bn, nh ni:

"Ba tha ngi chung trn ging gii thot (Hn: Tam tha cng ta giithot sng )", y l mt th d in hnh. Chng qua,

trong y cng c s khc bit nho nh, tc l, php Thanh Vn phn lnthuyt minh v ng khng, cn php i Tha phn ln thuyt minh v

php khng. Tuy l ch ni v Khng c ch thin trng khc nhau, nhng

ci ngha ca Tnh Khng, rt ro vn l mt. Ngi Long Th tng a

ra mt th d: "la sinh ra t rm, cng la sinh ra t g, ch pht sinh tuy

khc nhau, th nhng s nng ca hai bn ging nhau, khng th ni c s

khc bit". Cho nn (mun) gii thot sinh t, cn phi thng t Tnh


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Khng. Nh phn trn ni qua, nu nh i vi cc php, m cht ci

chp kin v t tnh, nhn rng c mt ci t ng c lp tn ti, th y gi

l php ng kin (php chp), cn nh, i vi hu tnh, m nhn l c mtci t ng c lp tn ti, th gi l nhn ng kin (ng chp). Ci chp kin

tuy c hai loi, nhng trn thc t, ch l s tc qui ca ci chp kin v t

tnh. Chng ta, nu mun thng t ng khng, php khng, iu duy nht

l phi t ci ca"ph tr chp kin v t tnh"m thm nhp, cho nn ni:

"Ba tha cng chung mt ca gii thot". Phm Qun Php ca bn lun,

ch th mt cch r rng: "Chng c tr tu v ng, v ng s, thng sutTnh Khng, tc s c gii thot". Cc hc gi i, Tiu Tha, u cng

nhn rng "Tnh Khng l ca ca s gii thot"; iu ny khc vi hc

thuyt ca mt s hc phi i tha khc.

Trn phng din thng t Tnh Khng Tu, i Tha, Tiu Tha

u ngang nhau, nh th, s khc bit ca hai bn rt ro l ch no? ychnh l do nguyn i bi khng ging nhau. Cc v thnh Tiu Tha khng

c nguyn i bi, khng pht tm B cu hu tnh, tri li, B Tt th

pht tm rng ln, tu hnh rng ln, ph nguyn cu t tt c hu tnh.

Chnh ti im ny, mi biu l c ci sai bit r rng gia i Tha v

Tiu tha. Mt bn ch chuyn cu s li ch cho chnh mnh, cn mt bn

th tu tp hnh Ph Hin. n nh phng din Tnh Khng Tu thy cthc tng, ch c s lng l khc bit, nh ni: "Ci Khng ca Thanh

Vn, ging nh khong khng ca l chn lng, cn ci Khng ca B Tt,

th ging nh khong khng ca thi h (Hn: Thanh Vn nh mao khngkhng, B Tt nh thi h khng , )", thnhng, trn phng din th tnh, c th ni l khng c g sai bit. Bn lun

ch trng n s gn lc chn l ca cc php, t ni v phng tin tu hnh


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chng qu, cho nn bn lun l chung cho ba tha. Chng qua, Kinh A Hm

nghing v Thanh Vn, nn t ni v Khng, m phn ln ni v v thng,

v ng, Nit Bn; cn bn lun nng vo cc Kinh Bt Nh, v.v..., nnnghing v php Khng, m cng dng chn ngha ca Kinh A Hm, ph

phn kin gii ca nhng hc gi Thanh Vn t cho l thng t (Hn: hus c Thanh Vn), lm cho chn ngha ca Tnh Khng (chpht xut ca ba tha) c cc hc gi Thanh Vn tip nhn, m cng l

dn dt bn h tin nhp B Tt o. im ny, chng ta khng th khng

bit.

Cc hc gi thanh Vn, lc mi pht tm, dng v thng lm php

mn phng tin vo o, thy s v thng sinh dit ca th gian thng

kh bc bch, bn khn thit nhm chn sinh t, mong cu Nit Bn, chonn bung b tt c, t lo t ngh n vic khc (Hn: thiu s thiu nghip

), m dc ton lc vo vic tu tp chnh hnh. B Tt th khng thnh vy, nu nh tm nhm chn th gian qu su nng, rt d lc vo

ng ca nh tha. Nhn y, cc v B Tt vi tm i bi tha thit, t ch

nhn ca Tnh Khng, tuy bit r th gian l v thng, kh; th nhng, li

cng bit chng l nh huyn, v vy, mi c th khng b ng dc tri

buc, trong cnh sinh t nh huyn ny m li ch chng sinh, khng cp

thit cu xut ly ba ci, chng nhp Nit Bn.

Trng tm ca Kinh A Hm l php Thanh Vn, cn trng tm ca

Kinh Bt Nh l B Tt o. Bn lun l php chung cho ba tha, c bit

thuyt minh v ngha Khng, m cng ngm ngm dng i Tha lm

trung tm im. Thy chn l, on vng hoc, y l ch chung cho i,

Tiu Tha. Cn nh s khc bit gia hai bn, c th ni rng: "mt bn vin


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mn, mt bn cha vin mn; mt bn c th qun c hai , mt bn khng

th qun c hai ; mt bn phin no tp kh u dit tn, cn mt bn

tp kh vn cha c thanh lc".

c

Phm l mt loi hc thuyt, u phi nn kin lp th h ca chnh

mnh, v ph phn hc thuyt ca tng phi khc. Trong Pht Gio, khng

lun l i tha, Tiu Tha, u phi thuyt minh v s lu chuyn sinh tth gian, s hon dit Nit bn xut th gian; hn na, phi nn nht qun

trc sau: ni lu chuyn th no, th ngc li con ng , s phi l s

hon dit, quyt khng th trc sau mu thun (Hn: quyt bt lnh khil to). Chng qua, ph, kin lp, i lc mang nng tnhcht ch quan. Ai cng c th ni rng mnh c th ph k khc, kin lp

hc thuyt ca mnh, th nhng k khc cha chc tha nhn mnh l ng.Cho nn, khi chng ta dng l do g ph k khc, chng ta cn phi

lm sao khng b ch th dng cng l do tr a chng ta, iu ny

mi c th gi l ph k khc, kin lp chnh mnh. Long Th Hc ph

tt c hc thuyt, mt cch thc t, mc ch cng l kin lp gio thuyt

ca chnh mnh. Lu chuyn, hon dit, l nhng iu m m cc nh hc

Pht cn phi kin lp. Hin nay, t ch nhn ca duyn khi v t tnh,quan st tt c, i vi nhng ch khng c chnh xc, hoc khng hp l,

em ci l lun m i phng tha nhn, hin th s mu thun kh

khn (Hn: mu thun khn nn) ca chnh bn h. Ging nh cc hc gi

ca nhng hc phi y quyn uy, nh Thng Lun, S Lun, bn h u t

ci nhn thc ti, th nhng, mi phi ch trng mt bn, hoc ch trng

nhn qu ng nht, hoc ch trng nhn qu khc bit, hoc trong nhn


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c qu, hoc trong nhn khng c qu; trn phng din qun st lun l,

bn h u b b tc. S kh khn c bn ca bn h l s chp trc vo ci

t tnh c thc. Cho nn, khi c Pht ni php duyn khi, Ngi cho rngch c php duyn khi khng, v ng, mi c th kin lp tt c. Ngi Long

Th ni: "Nu nh cn mt t th bt khng, d l rt nh, trn phng din

thuyt minh lun l, tt nh s pht sinh nhng chp kin nh thng,

on, nht, d (khc), hu, v, v.v..." Cho nn, tt c php bt khng, khng

nhng khng th ph k khc, m cng khng th kin lp chnh mnh.

Bn lun ni: "Nn bit, chnh nh vo ngha Khng, m tt c php cthnh lp", c ngha l "tt c php, phi trong Khng, mi c th c

kin lp, mi c th lp lun chnh xc, khng chp trc mt bn, khng b

ngoi o ph bnh ph, m ni no cng c thng t v ngi". y

l mt trong nhng lp ngha c sc ca bn lun.

Ct vn, ph (Hn: nn ph) i phng, khng phi ch mtln l xong chuyn, bi v khi chng ta ct vn, ph i phng, bn h

cng c th quay li ct vn, ph chng ta. Chng ta dng lp lun no

ph bn h, th bn h cng c th em nhng lp lun phn kch li.

Tnh trng ny, trong tt c gio phi i, Tiu Tha, l iu rt r rng. V

nh, cc hc gi Duy Thc ph Tiu Tha, cho rng ngoi sc khng c

ci cc vi thc s hin hu, lp lun rng: "Ci cc vi m cc bn (TiuTha) chp l thc c, n c su phng phn? hay l khng c? Nu c su

phng phn, th vn cn c th c phn ct, lm th no gi n l cc vi?

Cn nu khng c su phng phn, phng phn khng c, lm sao li

gi n l cc vi sc?" Bn h ph ci thuyt l cc vi ca ngoi sc xong,

bn kin lp thuyt l: "Ch c s bin hin tng st na, tng st na ca ni

tm (l c thc, cn ngoi cnh l khng c thc)". Th nhng, chng ta


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cng c th dng cng phng php, ct vn v ci ni tm nh sau: "Ci

tm nim (st na bin hin) m bn (Duy Thc) ch trng, l c hay khng

c di (ngha l c khong cch trc sau)? Nu c, th khng phi l stna, nu khng c, th ci st na v phn (khng c di) l sinh dit ng

thi? hay sinh dit khc thi? Nu sinh dit ng thi, y l s mu thun

khng thng, cn nu sinh dit khc thi, trc sinh sau dit, n chng phi

l ciphi st nahay sao?" Ct vn ti lui nh th ny, c th ph ci

thuyt v ni tm l c thc ca bn h. Li cng ging nh c T B, t

nm un, kin lp ci bt kh thuyt ng. Khi ct vn bn h, hi l: "Ciny (bt kh thuyt ng) l gi hu? hay l thc hu? Nu l thc hu, th

phi ri nm un m c t th ring bit, cn nu l gi hu, ti sao c th

ni nm un c ci bt kh thuyt ng khng phi l nm un(Hn: bt tc

un)". Li cng ging nh Duy Thc Tng, khi ph thuyt l v chngloi ca Kinh B, cng dng phng php hai ca (Hn: song quan )

gi hu thc hu ny. Th nhng, chnh bn h, chng t li l phi gi phithc, hn na, chng t , c th ni va l th tc hu, va l thng ngha

hu (y l mt s mu thun). iu ny, tuy ph c i phng, nhng

vn khng thnh lp c hc thuyt ca chnh mnh, cho nn loi phkin lp ny, khng phi l kho lo (Hn: thin xo ).

Ngi Long Th, ng trn lp trng "tt c php Khng", tt c lduyn khi gi danh, nh vy mi c th ph lp tt c mt cch kho lo

c. Nu nh tt c php l thc ti, thng tr, c lp tn ti, th khi hai

php A, B, pht sinh quan h, bn ni chng l ng nht? hay l khc bit?

Nu l khc bit, th hai bn u l c lp, khng c s quan h no ng

ni c, cn nu l ng nht, th chng nn phn bit l hai php A, B. Nu

nh bn ni va ng va khc, hoc chng ng chng khc, th iu ny


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l bn t mu thun (Hn: t ng tng vi ). Cho nn, ch c stha nhn rng cc php l "khng v t tng", l duyn khi gi danh,

hai bn u khng c tnh c lp bt bin c nh, m c hai u l do nhnduyn ha hp sinh ra, hai bn u phi nng ta vo nhau m tn ti, v

hn na, li c tnh thng nht; chng qua, mi bn c hnh thi bt ng,

m cng khng phng ngi rng mi bn u c tnh cht c th v sai

bit. Nh vy, t s v t tnh, khng ng khng khc, kin lp ci gi

danh tng i l s ng v s khc. Ct vn i phng, kin lp chnh

mnh, u phi trong tt c php Khng m hon thnh, cho nn ni:"Tch la Khng m thuyt php, tt c u l li lm, nng vo Khng

m thuyt php, tt c u l kho lo". iu ny, thc s, l mt c sc

ca bn lun.

C ngi ni: "Long Th Hc, v mun ph s chp trc vo thc

hu ca ngoi o, Tiu Tha, cho nn nhn mnh v tt c php Khng".iu ny khng hon ton chnh xc. Long Th Hc c bit xin dng

php Khng, l v mun khai pht s thm su ca php duyn khi. Nh

Kinh Bt Nh ni: "S thm su, chnh l ngha Khng (Hn: thm o gi,khng th k ngha,)". y cng l ci php tc ph binchnh xc nht khai pht, gn lc (Hn: quyt pht ) php duyn

khi, hon thnh s "h tng thnh lp mt cch v ngi" gia khng vhu. iu ny, phi cn n s ph phn, qut sch tt c s sai lm, mi c

th khai hin c. Bn lun xut hin trong thi k cc hc phi Tiu Tha

cng ngoi o ang honh hnh, nn phn ln em bn h ra lm i

tng cho s qun st, y l iu ng nhin. Xa nay, chng sanh vn

c kin chp v t tnh, cho nn iu ch yu l ph tr ci kin chp cn

bn ny. Th nhng, mt s phm phu c tr tu th gian, li mun em ci


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t tnh kin ny, xem n nh bn th ca vn hu, lm s bin h cho ci t

tng ca bn h. Ci tr tu h vng th gian ny, nu ngoi Pht Php,

th gi l ngoi o (tng gio, trit hc, v.v...), cn trong Pht Php, thc mt phn hc gi Tiu Tha (khng hp Pht), v nhm Phng Qung

o nhn ca i Tha, cn phi c ph. Bi th, chng ta phi suyngm k lng ch nhn (Hn: kin a ) ca mnh c chnh xc haykhng? C phi mnh ang sinh hot trong ci t tnh kin ny hay khng?

Khng nn cho rng Trung Lun ch l chuyn mn ph ngoi o v Tiu

Tha. C c c ni: "Tam Lun9 ph tt c ngoi o, Tiu Tha, tc lqu trch t tm", iu ny qu thc l ch l. Qun mn ca Trung Lun,

l phng php qun ph t tnh. Bit c ci phng php ph ny,

i bt c k no chp trc vo thc hu, u c th ph bn h. Khng

nn chp trc vo sch v, ch hiu l bi k ny l ph phi ny, bi k kia

l ph phi kia, m khng bit kim im t tm mnh, khng bit ty c

ng dng.

Xa nay, nhng hc gi hc tp v Khng, thng pht sinh mt kin

gii sai lm, cho rng: "Khng, ngha l tt c u l khng v s hu (hon

ton khng c)"; bit c ci khng v s hu, bn cho rng tt c u lgi hu, ci g cng mun (Hn: yu c), mun ci g cng phi vin

dung qun nhip. Hc Khng cch ny, qu thc l hng bt! Ging nhch ny c mt con dao, qun st t tnh chn thc ca n, ni n l khng

c, th nhng con dao gi danh m th tc cng nhn, vn l hin hu. Li

na, nu y vn khng c con dao, ng nhin ni l khng c dao,

nhng nu ngc li ni l c dao, iu ny chng phi l mt s ngc

ngo qu ng hay sao? C th ni, y l hon ton khng bit cch lp

ph. "Tt c php Khng" l ph tr ci t tnh chn thc, ch khng phi l


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ph hoi s gi danh ca th tc. Th nhng, duyn khi gi danh, khng

ging nh ci u th hai, hoc cnh tay th ba (hon ton khng c), cho

nn trong th tc , tt c l gi danh, nhng m s gi danh c, gi danhkhng, vn l c s phn bit. Li nh Thng , T Ti Thin, Phm

Thin ca ngoi do, hoc cc sc v phn, st na tm, v.v..., trong Pht

Php, u l nhng s vng chp. Nu cho rng nhng ci cng l duyn

khi gi danh, t s to thnh s kin t chnh bt phn, thin c bt phn.Ni s lc, tt c nhng s vt m su cn sng sch (Hn: minh tnh ) ca chng ta nhn thc, trong s nhn thc thng thng th gian (cnhng ci m khoa hc cho l chn thc cng bao gm trong phm vi ny),

xc nhin l c th cht v tng dng, cn phi tha nhn l chng tn ti.

Nu nh ph nhn s hin hu ca chng, tc l tri ngc vi th gian.

(Trong s nhn thc thng thng ny, t nhin cng c s lm ln, th

nhng, (1) v chng ta nhn quen nn cho rng chng l chnh xc, (2) hoc

s sai lm cn tim n cha c chng ta pht gic, nhng s kin nh vy,vn cn nh n tr tu ca th gian suy cu, pht minh). B Tt, nu chng

ng tt c php Khng, chnh kin (thy ng) s tn ti ca duyn khi, th

cnh gii ca cc ngi li cng khng phi l ch hiu bit ca nhng kin

thc thng thng th gian.

S lp ph kho lo ca ngi Long Th, nu quy np li, th c hai im:(1) Php th gian v php xut th gian, u kin lp trn mt nh ngha

cn bn: "s sinh t th gian tc l tnh Khng duyn khi, cn s thot ly

sinh t xut th gian, cng l tnh Khng duyn khi". im bt ng l

ch c th l gii, hay khng th l gii Tnh Khng. Nu c th l gii, th s

ng nhp php xut th, cn nu khng l gii, th s ri vo php th gian.

Cho nn, mt cnh hoa, mt ngn c ca th gian, nhn n hnh, qu xut


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th gian ca B tt, u l Tnh Khng duyn khi. y tc l t n s

nht qun ca php th gian v php xut th gian. (2) Php Thanh Vn v

php B Tt, u c kin lp trn s gii thot cn bn khi ci cn bnca sinh t l t tnh kin, ngha l Thanh Vn t Tnh Khng duyn khi

m c gii thot, B Tt cng t Tnh Khng duyn khi m c gii

thot, ch bt ng l hnh nguyn i bi ca B Tt vt qu Thanh Vn.

iu ny l t n s nht qun gia php Thanh Vn v php B Tt.

Ngi Long Th, thm nhp php duyn khi ca Pht Php, trn phng

din ph lp, c th ni l t n s kho lo tuyt nh.

Trong Pht gio, Trung Lun ca ngi Long Th, khng lun l t n

, Ty Tng hoc Trung Quc, u dn khi nh hng rt ln! Hin nay,

chng ta s ch cp n Trung Quc. T lc ngi La Thp ti Tiu DaoVin Trng An phin dch kinh in, cc nh hc Pht Trung Quc mi

bt u thy r c ngha chn chnh ca Pht php i tha. Trc ,

tuy cng c ngi bn lun v Khng, th nhng i vi ngha chn thc

ca Khng, bn h khng my ai hiu r. Trong nhm t ca ngi La

Thp c vi v ng gi l nhn ti kit xut, m trong ngi Tng Triu l

ngi thnh tu bc nht. Ngi La Thp tng khen ngi Tng Triu lngi "l gii ngha Khng bc nht t Tn". S quan h gia hai ngi

cng rt l mt thit. Trc khi ngi La Thp n Trng An, ngi Tng

Triu n C Tang (ni ngi La Thp ang tr ng) y ch; sau li

thp tng ngi La Thp n Trng An v gn gi ngi khong mi my

nm. Ngi Tng Triu c son quyn Triu Lun, cng Duy Ma Kinh Ch,

t tng rt gn gi vi chnh ngha ca Long Th Hc, ngoi ra cn c


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quyn Bo Tng Lut, tng truyn cng do ngi Tng Triu son, th

nhng y ch quyn sch do ngi Thin Ha T i ng ngy to. K

n, c hai ngi m nh, Tng Du, t tng v Khng cng tng ichnh xc. Cho nn ngi La Thp cng tng ni: "Truyn tha s nghip ca

ta, chc phi nh vo Tng Triu, Tng Du, m nh?" Li c mt

v, tuy gn gi ngi La Thp khng lu, l ngi o Sanh (c k l mt

trong bn i t ca ngi La Thp). Ngi o Sanh, t ca ngi Trc

Php Thi Nam Kinh, l ngi rt thng minh, th nhng n Trng An

cha c bao lu th li ra i, v th i vi i vi hc thuyt Tnh Khngca ngi La Thp cha c c hi thm nhp, m cng khng tha mn. Sau

khi tr v Nam Kinh, ngi khng nhng khng hong dng gio hc ca

ngi La Thp m li "dung qun" Nho Pht, tng hp gio thuyt chn

thng. Ngi c son quyn Tht Trn Lun, gn ging nh Pht Tnh

Lun, n Ng Lun, u khng ph hp vi kin gii ca ngi La Thp.

Sau khi ngi La Thp vin tch hai ba nm, Trng An i lon; v

h tr chnh ca Pht gio l vua Diu Hng bng h; ngnh Long Th

Hc ca ngi La Thp khng c c hi pht dng mnh m, c bit l

ngi Tng Triu mt sm, khi ang cn tui thanh xun, y l mt s tn

tht ln lao cho s truyn tha gio ngha i tha ca ngi La Thp. em

kinh lun ngi La Thp phin dch truyn b n phng nam l cc ngiTu Quang, Tu Nghim, rt tch cc trong vic phin dch, tuy th, gio

php m cc ngi hong truyn li khuynh hng v kinh Hoa Nghim ca

ngi Gic Hin (Lc Thp Hoa Nghim) v kinh Nit Bn ca ngi m V

Sm. Lc phng nam, kinh in khuynh hng v chn thng c

phin dch dn dp, vi mt s lng ln lao, chng hn nh kinh Nit Bn,

Kim Quang Minh, Thin Gii, Lng Gi, v.v..., bi th, Tnh Khng Hc


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ca Trung Quc, t lc ban s khng pht trin c rng ln. iu ch

yu l t tng ca ngi Trung Hoa so vi n c mt s cch bit

ng k; ngi Trung Hoa cho rng tt c lun in ca B tt, tt c kinhin i Tiu tha, u l nht qun, cho nn tuy cng ca ngi nhng dch

phm ca ngi La Thp, tn thn Tnh Khng, th nhng, ham chung em

cc loi t tng hn hp li thnh mt khi (Hn: dung vi nht l). iu

ny, lm cho i tha t tng Tnh Khng v t tng Chn Thng, t

lc ban s, c khuynh hng hn hp vi nhau thnh mt.

t lu sau, t tng ca cc t ca ngi La Thp , t phng bc

truyn xung vng Giang Nam, phn ra thnh ba h thng chnh:

(1) : Nhm ny cho rng ba b Trung Qun Lun,

Bch Lun, Thp Nh Mn Lun, thin trng v Khng, t bn lun v s

tng; cn b Thnh Thc Lun, cng do ngi La Thp dch, khng nhngthuyt minh v nhn khng (ng khng), php khng (tng t nh Tnh

Khng), m li bn lun nhiu v s tng, do nhm ny cho rng Thnh

Thc Lun l chung cho ba tha, hn na t tng ca b lun ny ngang

hng vi thuyt l v Khng ca i tha, cho nn dng kin gii v khng

hu ca Thnh Thc Lun ging gii cc b kinh i tha, nh Php

Hoa, Nit Bn, nhn y to thnh mt hc phi tng hp gi l ThnhThc i Tha. Vo triu i T, Lng, hc phi ny long thnh n cc

im. Nhng nhn vt chnh trong phi ny nh ngi Tng Tung Bnh

Thnh, Tng o Th Xun, u l t ca ngi La Thp. Bn h t

Trng An qua min ng, k n Bnh Thnh, Th Xun, ri li tip tc

n Nam Kinh, sau li tip tc xung n min nam sng Dng T.


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(2) : H phi ny c lin h mt thit vi phi

Thnh Thc i Tha. Mt trong nhng nh tin phong ca nhm ny l

ngi o Lng cha Bc a Bo i Nam Tng. Ngi l t vng QuanH n, hong dng t tng "nh th gio", y l mt trong nhng

yu ngha ca Tam Lun Tng trong thi k u. t ca ngi l ngi Tr

Lm, l ngi vng Cao Xng. Ngi o Lng lc cn tr tng

Trng An hc tp t tng "gi danh khng" ca ngi Tng Triu. Hai

ngi o Lng v Tr Lm, vo thi k u ca Tam Lun Tng, ng

gp rt nhiu. Cui i T, c ngi Tng Lng l ngi Liu ng (vngng bc) n phng nam, ti ni Th H cng kch kch lit phi Thnh

Thc i Tha; ngi c bit hong dng Tam Lun, Hoa Nghim, xc

lp phc hng li Tam Lun Tng ca ngi La Thp. Th nhng, v sau ai

l ngi truyn tha ca ngi, chng ta khng c bit r. n triu i

Trn, Ty, Tam Lun Tng t n s ton thnh; hc phi ny dng

Trung Lun, Bch Lun v Thp Nh Mn Lun lm ba b lun c bn gn lc nhng t tng khng v hu, ri t ch t tng cn bn ny, cu

thng tt c cc kinh lun. Vo khong i Ty, ng, ngi i s Gia

Tng l v i tp thnh t tng ca Tam Lun Tng. Trn phng din

t tng, tuy ngi cng thi dng rt nhiu tinh hoa ca phi Thnh Thc

i Tha, nhng ngi li cc lc ph xch hc phi ny. Ngi chu nh

hng rt nhiu ca phi a Lun phng bc, v ca phi NhipLun phng nam, cho nn khng nhng ngi dung hp nhng kinh in

"chn thng", m li cn cho rng hai ngi Long Th v V Trc l nht

qun. Bi th, Tam Lun Tng rt cc cng vn l mt hc phi tng hp.

Nhng k mun nghin cu tam lun, trc tin phi nn nhn thc r rng

l mnh mun hc tam lun, hay mun hc Tam Lun Tng. Nu nh ch

mun hc tam lun, th t tng ca Tam Lun Tng ch nn dng tham


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kho, bi v t tng ca hc phi ny pha trn t tng ca trng phi

"chn thng duy tm". Nu hc Tam Lun Tng, th khng ch hc tam

lun, m nhng kinh in i tha nh Php Hoa, Tnh Danh, Thng Man,Nit Bn, v.v..., cng u l nhng kinh in trng yu ca Tam Lun Tng

cn phi nghin cu. Cc vn nh phn gio, tu hnh, on hoc, v th,

Pht tnh, v.v..., u phi nn thu hiu r rng. Nu nh cho rng tam lun

(ba b lun) l Tam Lun Tng, th y l iu phi thng lm ln.

(3) (t i Trn chuyn v phng nam): NgiNam Nhc Tu T, ngi Thin Thai Tr Gi, cc v ny l t vng Bnh Hn

L di c xung min nam; trc tin n ni Nam Nhc, sau n Dng

(Nam Kinh), cui cng di n ni Thin Thai Trit Giang. Thin Thai

Tng cng l mt chi phi ca Long Th Hc. Ngi Tu T i vi hai kinh

Bt Nh v Php Hoa u xem trng nh nhau, cn ngi Tr Gi li c bit

xem trng kinh Php Hoa v Nit Bn, cho nn khi phn gio, ngi xp haikinh ny vo cp bc ti cao, ti cu cnh. Do y, cc hc gi Thin Thai,

so vi Tam Lun Tng, chu nh hng rt nng hu ca phi Chn

Thng Duy Tm. Tng phi Thin Thai, khng nhng hp thu nhng t

tng ca Thin Tng, a Lun Tng phng bc, m cn hp thu

nhng t tng ca Thnh Thc i Tha, Tam Lun Tng, Nhip Lun

Tng phng nam, t t chc thnh mt th h t tng hng v catng phi mnh. Do y, so vi Tam Lun, Thin Thai li cng l mt hc

phi tng hp t tng ca nhng hc phi khc. Ngi i s Tr Gi i

vi b i Tr Lun ca ngi Long Th c bit nghin cu rt thm su,

i vi nhng hc phi nam bc, ngi va ph phn va qun nhip. Ngi

c th y c trc tip vo kinh in i Tiu tha, em tt c t tng ca

nhng hc phi thi , lp thnh mt h thng c t chc rt nghim mt.


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Tinh ty ca ngi l php ch qun, do bit rng, Thin Thai Tng, so vi

Tam Lun Tng, cng xc yu v sung thc. Chng qua, Tam Lun Tng

c rt nhiu t tng tip cn vi Long Th Hc hn so vi Thin ThaiTng. Cn phi Thnh Thc i Tha th li cch bit Long Th Hc qu xa,

th nhng, i vi cc hc phi khc Trung Quc, phi ny li c nhiu

quan h rt mt thit. i vi Tam Lun Tng v Thin Thai Tng, chng

ta cng nn nghin cu tham kho.

Cc nh Tam Lun Tng, khi ni v "hai u khng", c ba loiphng ngn, ngha ch yu:

(a) Th tc trung khng t tnh chp, thng ngha trung khng

gi danh chp (Trong th tc ph tr chp trc vo t tnh, trong thng

ngha ph tr chp trc vo gi danh): C ngi cho rng s gi hu l

hu th, c ngi cho rng s gi hu l v th; th nhng bn h u chorng ci gi php khng th khng c, cho nn chp rng ci gi th, hoc

gi dng l c thc. V mun ph tr s chp vo ci gi ny, cho nn ni

"trong thng ngha php tr chp trc vo gi danh". y l hai ph

tn tt c tnh chp.

(b) Th tc khng, ......, Khng trong thng ngha khng c ngha ldit tr ci gi hu nh huyn. Lm sao c th ph tr nhng nhn qu gi

hu nh huyn c! Phn trn ni dit tr ci gi, ch c ngha l dit tr s

chp trc v gi. Cho nn ngha chn thc ca "khng trong thng ngha

" l "huyn hu tc l khng tch", hin th tnh tch dit ca cc php gi

danh. Hai ny, trong s duyn khi huyn hu, xa la s vng chp vo

t tnh (khng trong th tc ), hin th th tnh khng tch ca thng ngha


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(khng trong thng ngha ).

(c) Ci khng m th tc ni n, cng vi ci khng m thngngha ni n, tuy c v nh trong th tc ph tr t tnh chp, trong

thng ngha gi hu tc l khng tch; k thc, c hai c cng mt

ngha, khng phi l s i lp. T lp trng khng tch m ni, trn

phng din duyn khi, xa la tnh chp (th tc), th chn tng ca Tnh

Khng s hin ra (thng ngha), ging nh bng ti i th nh sng s n,

khng phi l hai vic khc nhau, cho nn ni: "dng s ph tr lm s hinth". T phng din huyn hu m ni: "ph tr t tnh mi l duyn khi

gi danh (th tc), duyn khi khng tch, k thc, trong khng tt c u

v ngi (thng ngha).

Ba loi thuyt minh ny, chng qua ch l mt phng thc m thi,

k no hiu c, ch cn mt cu "duyn hu tnh khng", hoc gn hnna, ch cn mt cu "duyn khi" l . Trong Tam Lun Tng, khng hu

l v ngi. Mc ch mun thuyt minh duyn khi tc l khng, l gi, l

trung, th nhng trong s thuyt minh, c bit ch trng nhiu n s "xa

la tt c chp trc", hin th s "tt cnh thanh tnh". Cn cc hc gi

Thin Thai, khi bn lun v duyn khi tnh Khng, ch trng n phn

trung o (khng gi v ngi), cho rng Trung thng nht tt c miphp, ng trn lp trng khng hu v ngi, ton th tnh ca khng tch

va uyn nhin (huyn hin), x li mi s chp trc l khng, uyn nhin

hin hu (huyn hu) l gi, thng hp hai ci khng gi l trung. Ba ci

khng gi trung ny, tuy mt m ba, tuy ba m mt. Ngi Trung Quc a

chung "vin dung", ai cng c cm tng rng t tng ca Thin Thai

Tng l vin dung, l lun vin dung, Tam Lun Tng khng bng Thin


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Thai Tng. K thc, Tam Lun Tng xem trng Trung Lun, ch bn v nh

, so vi Thin Thai Tng, gn gi vi Long Th Hc hn. V phng

din "ly vng hin chn", th Thin Thai gn ging vi Tam Lun, thnhng, v vn thng hp tt c khng hu v ngi, th Thin Thai Tng

li pha trn rt nhiu t tng v Chn Thng.

Chng ta nu bit t chc ca mt b lun, th i vi ni dung ca tonb lun cng s c c mt khi nim s lc thit yu. Th nhng khoa

phn (phn nh khoa mc) Trung Lun l mt iu rt kh khn. Cc v c

c, i vi s c lp ca mi phm, khng th lin qun trc sau.

Trung tm ca bn lun l mun hin th rng tt c php th gian, xut

th gian, mi php u l v t tnh khng, khng ging nh ci thy caphm phu, ngoi o, hoc cc hc gi Tiu tha t nhn l thng t. Cho

nn trong phn lun vn, gn nh mi phm u cp n tt c, th

nhng khng th ni hon ton khng c th lp. Chng ta khng nn nhn

t phng php ph tr, m nn nhn t phng din i tng b ph l ai,

th c th nhn thy bn lun l bao trm ton th Pht php, v dng Tnh

Khng qut sch tt c mi s chp trc.

Bn lun dng kinh A Hm lm i tng. Kinh A Hm l Pht gio

cn bn, t tng ca n l "Ti (Pht) ni duyn khi"; duyn khi l

"khng ch hnh". Chnh kin duyn khi tnh khng mi c th chnh kin

thnh gio ca c Pht. Bn lun t ci nhn tnh khng duyn khi, xy

dng tt c c s ca Pht gio. C ngi cho rng ngi Long Th chuyn


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ni v "tt c php khng", y l mt iu lm ln n cc im. kin

ca ngi Long Th l "Pht php (th gian php, xut th gian php) khng

phi ch c phm phu, ngoi o, m ngay n c phn ln hc gi Tiutha, cng khng th bit; ging nh nhng iu h ni u l sai lm, cn

phi l gii tt c php khng, mi c th l gii chnh xc tt c Pht

php." iu ny c th ni rng mun khai pht ngha thm su ca kinh

A Hm, phi dng tr quang "tnh khng v s c", mi c th hin th

Pht gio chn thc. Pht gio chn thc, t nhin s l Thanh vn tha

chn thc, m cng l B tt tha chn thc. Cho nn c c c ni: "TamLun l v s c tiu, v s c i". Ni mt cch khi lc, kinh A Hm

ni rng v "duyn khi hu", t duyn khi hu ch s lc bn tnh khng

tch. Tiu tha A t m khng trnh c vic b st "bn tnh khng" m

ni v "nht thit hu". Kinh in i tha t mi "duyn khi hu" m

khai th "bn tnh khng" ca mi php. Bn lun l t chnh kin "php

bn tnh khng" m ni khng v php duyn khi. Bn lun tuy l lun itha, nhng ch qun st, ph u l ch m kinh A Hm khai th v

duyn khi hu, cng l nhng ch vng chp ca cc lun s Tiu tha, v

y cng chnh l hc gi i tha khai hin ngha thm su ca kinh A

Hm.

Hai bi k u ca hai mi by phm, l tc gi knh lc Th Tn,hin th c Pht ni php duyn khi thm su, khin cho chng sanh c

th xa la c h lun in o, m chng c tnh tch dit ca cc php.

Sau cng, c mt bi k, l tc gi kt lun tn thn c Th Tn, ca ngi

c Pht t bi ni ln php vi diu thm thm, lm cho hu tnh xa la tt c

mi kin chp. Phn gia hai mi by phm ni rng v chnh qun duyn

khi.


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Phn Gii Thiu

5

Trong s phn nh khoa mc ca b lun ny, Tam Lun Tng y vo

quyn Thch Lun ca ngi Thanh Mc, cho rng hai mi lm phm ul "ph s m tht ca i tha, ni r i tha qun hnh", con hai phm

sau cng l ph s m chp ca Tiu tha, ni r Tiu tha qun hnh. Cn

cc hc gi Thin Thai ni: "Bn lun dng duyn khi lm tng, phm hai

mi su chnh l ni v duyn khi, ti sao nht quyt phn nh l Tiu

tha?", v th cho rng ton b hai mi by phm u l ni v Pht php.

Nu ni ring bit, th hai mi lm phm u ni v php B tt, phm haimi su Qun Mi Hai Nhn Duyn, thuyt minh php Duyn Gic, cn

phm cui cng thuyt minh php Thanh vn.

Hin nay chng ta khoa phn Trung Lun, s khng phn chia i tha,

Tiu tha, bi v ngha l ca Tnh Khng l chung cho ba tha. Hai phm

u qun tng qut php duyn khi "bt bt", cn cc phm sau l qunring bit php duyn khi bt bt. Trong phn tng qut:

Phm mt, Qun Nhn Duyn, ch trng n "qun tp v sanh". S

lu chuyn sinh t, h tng sinh khi ca nhn qu, l s duyn khi sinh

sinh khng cng, hin ti qun st tt c php l v sinh.

Phm hai, Qun S Chuyn ng, ch trng n "qun dit bt kh".

S hon dit Nit bn, ging nh t sinh t n s nhp Nit bn. Hin nay

tng qun mi php u l t tnh khng, khng c mt php no t ba ci i

n Nit bn.

Hai mi lm phm sau, ring bit qun t , qun kh l tnh khng,


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Long Th

- Trung Qun Lun

5

qun tp l tnh khng, v.v...

Qun th gian (kh), c ba phm: (a) phm Qun Su Tnh, phm QunNm m, phm Qun Su Chng. y l qu kh ca th gian, hu tnh b

qu bo kh, tc l c ba th ny (m, nhp, gii). S xp t trong b lun

ny, khng hon ton ging vi th t m chng ta thng thy l nm un,

mi hai x, mi tm gii (un, x, gii), th nhng, y li l bn ngha

ca kinh Tp A Hm. Su x, nm un, su gii ho hp c gi l hu

tnh. iu ny ging nh X Li Pht A T m, Php Un Tc Lun, ut x trc un. y l "kh " ca hu tnh; qun t tnh khng ca

th gian kh, cho nn c ba phm ny.

Qun th gian tp, c mi hai phm (t phm Qun S Nhim v

K Nhim cho n phm Qun v Nghip), y li c th phn lm ba

loi:

Nm phm u, ni v hoc nghip c sanh ra, ba c, ba tng

hu vi, to nghip, th bo, nhn v php u khng.

Hai phm k, ni v s lu chuyn sinh t, t trong s sinh khi ca

sinh t tng tc, qun st n khng c ba i, khng c bn to tc (t, tha,cng, v nhn).

Nm phm k, thuyt minh cc hnh l khng tch. Sau khi ni v

th gian tp, k phi bn v th gian dit. Th nhng, th gian tp, thc

s c th dit c khng? y hin th s v t tnh khng ca th gian

tp, cc hnh v thng, khng c thc tnh, y mi c th gii thot, m


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Phn Gii Thiu

5

s gii thot cng ch l gi danh khng thc.

Qun th gian dit, c tm phm:

Phm u, Qun Php, thuyt minh hin qun, qun tt c php

tng v ng v ng s, xa la s tham dc m ng nhp php tnh.

Ba phm k (Qun Thi Gian, v.v...) thuyt minh v hng v c

ca ba tha, phi tri qua bao nhiu thi gian, t nhn n qu, thnh tuhay khng thnh tu! K thc, thi kip, nhn qu, thnh hoi u l khng

c t tnh.

Bn phm sau, ging v on (hoc) chng (chn), K on chng

l Nh Lai, ch ph tr l s in o, ch th ng l l, cn ch chng

c l Nit bn, nhng ci ny u l tnh khng nh huyn.

Qun th gian dit o c hai phm, tc l qun s duyn khi ca cc

php, xa la tt c t kin.

y l phn i khoa phn phn ca bn lun, c lit k trong

biu di y:

A1. Nu ln tng ch: Hai bi k u tin.

A2. Hin ngha: (hai phn)

B1. Tng qun: (hai phn)


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Long Th

- Trung Qun Lun

6

C1. Qun tp v sinh: Phm Qun Nhn Duyn (#1)

C2. Qun dit bt kh: Phm Qun S Chuyn ng (#2)

B2. Bit qun (bn phn)C1. Qun th gian: Phm Qun Su Tnh (#3)

Phm Qun Nm m (#4)

Phm Qun Su Gii (#5)

C2. Qun th gian tp: (ba phn)

D1. Hoc nghip s sinh (hai phn)

E1. Nhim tc sinh: Phm Qun S Nhim v K Nhim (#6)Phm Qun Ba Tng (#7)

E2. Tc tc th: Phm Qun S To Nghip v K To Nghip (#8)

Phm Qun Bn Tr (#9)

Phm La v Nhin Liu (#10)

D2. Sinh t lu chuyn: (hai phn)E1. V tam t: Phm Qun Bn T (#12)

E2. Phi t tc: Phm Qun Kh (#11)

D3. Hnh s khng tch: (nm phn)

E1. Ch hnh: Phm Qun Cc Hnh (#13)

E2. Xc hp: Phm Qun S Ha Hp (#14)

E3. Hu v: Phm Qun Hu V (#15)E4. Phc thot: Phm Qun S Tri Buc v Gii Thot (#16)

E5. Hnh nghip: Phm Qun Nghip Bo (#17)

C3. Qun th gian dit: (ba phn)

D1. Hin qun: Phm Qun Php (#18)

D2. Hng c: Phm Qun Thi Gian (#19)

Phm Qun Nhn Qu (#20)


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Phn Gii Thiu

61

Phm Qun S Sinh Thnh v Hoi Dit (#21)

D3. on chng: (hai phn)

E1. Nhn: Phm Qun c Nh Lai (#22)E2. Php: Phm Qun S in o (#23)

Phm Qun Bn Thnh (#24)

Phm Qun Nit Bn (#25)

C4. Qun th gian dit o: (hai phn)

D1. Chnh qun duyn khi: Phm Qun Mi Hai Nhn Duyn (#26)

D2. Vin ly t kin: Phm Qun T Kin (#27)A3. Kt thc: K Kt Thc


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63

, D: Unique Tenets of the Middle Way Consequence School,

Snow Lion Publication, New York, 1998

, J: The Fundamental Wisom of the Middle Way, OxfordUniversity Press, 1995

, C.W: The Emptiness of Emptiness, An Introduction to early

Indian Madhyamika, University of Hawaii Press, 1994

Kenneth, K: Mulamadhyamakakarika, A Translation with an

Introductory Essay, Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi, 1993

, D: Nagarjuna, The Philosophy of the Middle Way, SUNYPress, New York, 1986

, P.D: Madhymaka Schools in India, Motilal Banarsidass, Dehli,

1995

, T: The Conception of Buddhist Nirvana, Motilal

Banarsidass, Dehli, 1996

, F: Emptiness, A Study in Religious Meaning, Abingdon Press,Nashville, 1967

, M: Santideva and the Madhyamika: The Prajnaparamita

Pariccheda of the Bodhicaryavatara, PhD Dissertation, University of

Wisconsin, 1977

: Transcendent Wisdom, Snow Lion Publication, New

York, 1994


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Long Th

- Trung Qun Lun

64

, T: Nagarjunian Disputations, A Philosophical Jouney through an

Indian Looking-Glass, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 1994

():1. Trung Qun Lun Tng Ging K (), Chnh Vn Xut

Bn X, i Bc, 1992.

2. Trung Qun Kim Lun (), Chnh Vn Xut Bn X, iBc, 1992.

3. Khng Chi Thm Cu (), Chnh Vn Xut Bn X, iBc, 1992.

4. n Pht Gio T Tng S (), Chnh Vn XutBn X, i Bc, 1998.

5. S K i Tha Pht Gio Chi Khi Nguyn D Khai Trin (), Chnh Vn Xut Bn X, i Bc, 1989.

6. n Chi Pht Gio (), Chnh Vn Xut Bn X, iBc, 1992.

(): Trung Qun Lun S (), Tn Vn Phong XutBn Cng Ty, i Bc, 1987.

(): Long Th d Trung Qun trit hc (), ng i Th Cng Ty, i Bc, 1992.

: Trung Qun Lun, dch gii , NXB Tn Gio, H Ni,

2001 Nguyn Vn Hai: Nhn thc v Khng Tnh, Nguyt san Pht hc,


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6

Louisville, KY, 2001.

: Trung Lun (bn quay roneo), Thin tht Diu

Trm, Vit Nam, 1974 .: Lch s t tng v trit hc Tnh Khng, GHPGVN,

NXBTPHCM, 1999.

: Trung Lun, NXBTPHCM, 2001.

: Trung Lun, Vin Trit L Vit Nam v Trit Hc Th

gii, California, 1998.

: Trit hc v Tnh Khng, Pht Hc Vin Quc T, California,1984.


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K Tn Pht

6

Trung Lun(K tng)

B Tt Long Th to lun

Dao Tn Tam Tng Php S Cu Ma La Thp dch Phn Hn

Thch Tnh Nghim dch Hn Vit

K Tn Pht10

(1) Chng sinh cng chng dit, Chng thng cng chng on, Chng ng cng chng khc Chng n cng chng i.11

(2) C th ni ln php nhn duyn,

Kho dit tt c cc h lun, Con xin ci u ly c Pht, Trong cc gio thuyt, Ngi nht.


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69/304

Phm mt:

Qun Nhn Duyn

6

Phm mt:

Qun Nhn Duyn

S tn ti v sinh khi ca tt c cc php, u nng vo nhn duyn,

y l ngha cn bn ca Pht Php. Cho nn trc tin cn phi qun st

nhn duyn, xem chng lm th no sinh khi cc php.

Mt cch phim din, tt c cc php th gian, u c nhn c qu.

iu ny, ngi i cng tng ni qua. Th nhng, ch c Pht gio l

c bit cp n: "Bt c mt php no tn ti, u l t cc duyn sinh

ra". Nu khng do nhn duyn, th cng ng nh hon ton khng hin

hu.

Hai ch: nhn, duyn, trong nhng gio in cn bn, rt kh ni l c

s khc bit. Nhng ch: tp, nhn, duyn, sinh, cn, xc, ..., tn gi tuy

khc, nhng ngha th li tng n. Chng qua, do thi quen, cho nn gi

chung mt cch n gin l nhn duyn12. S thc, khng nht nh phi

nh th. Nh Tt B a B ni su nhn, X Li Pht A T m ni mi

nhn, Du Gi Lun ni mi nhn, y l bao qut tt c nhn duyn. Linh, ng ip B ni hai mi bn duyn, X Li Pht A T m ni

mi duyn, Thuyt Nht Thit Hu B ni bn duyn, m trong y bao

gm lun c nhn. ng n nht l Thuyt Nht Thit Hu B, em tt c

nhn duyn, tinh luyn thnh bn duyn, m cc hc gi i sau thng

dng n.


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Long Th

- Trung Qun Lun

7

c Pht ni tt c php t nhn duyn sinh ra, mc ch l mun ph

tr nhng s sai lm, nh t nhn, v nhn, thng kin, on kin, v.v...

Hn na, l mun ch r tnh khng tch ca tt c cc php. y l iuc mi ngi cng nhn trong Pht hc. Th nhng, nhng ngi th

gian, i vi nhn duyn, sinh khi nhng kin gii sai lc. iu sai lm ch

yu l cho rng c nhng nhn duyn c thc t tnh, sinh ra nhng php c

thc t tnh. Mc ch ca phm Qun Nhn Duyn ny, l mun ph nh

nhng nhn duyn sinh c t tnh, lm cho hnh gi thm hiu ngha l v

t tnh Khng ca cc php. Nh nhng bi ging thng thng v nhnduyn, tuy khc vi s vng k (c chp sai lm) ca ngoi o, nhng vn

cha c trit . Cho nn Kinh Bt Nh ni: "Mun hc bn duyn, phi

hc Bt Nh Ba La Mt a". Ngi Long Th, tng gi thit ra vn p,

ni r iu ny. Ging v bn duyn, khng ai ni t m bng A T m,

nu th, ti sao mun hc bn duyn li phi hc Bt Nh? V li, Kinh Bt

Nh, hu nh khng bn lun nhiu v bn duyn! Phi bit rng, bn phpduyn sinh ny, t lp trng ca phi Thc Hu m nhn, thot tin, c v

nh thng sut khng c vn . Nhng nu tip tc nghin cu t m hn,

(bn duyn ny) kh trnh c s kin l s tr thnh t kin. Cc v th

ngh, bn duyn sinh ra cc php, m bn thn ca chng li phi t duyn

sinh ra. T y suy lun, cc duyn khc li t duyn sinh ra, nh vy s

phm li lm v s v cng. Nu ni cc duyn u tin khng t duyn sinhra, iu ny li phm vo li khng nhn m sinh. Cho nn bn duyn cng

c vn kh khn nh vy.

Nu c th hiu r tt c cc php u l Tt Cnh Khng, th mi kin

lp c duyn sinh nh huyn, v khng cn b kt vo nhng li lm nh

va ni. Do y, phm Qun Nhn Duyn qun st cc nhn duyn sinh ra


71/304

Phm mt:

Qun Nhn Duyn

71

cc php, chng minh rng quan nim ca nhng k ch trng thc hu l

khng hp l. Th nhng, nhng hnh gi Tnh Khng, khng ph nhn bn

duyn, m cc ngi cho rng "bn duyn nh huyn nh ha" l hin hu.T s sinh khi ca cc nhn duyn (nh huyn) ny, khng nhng ph tr

s vng chp duyn sinh c t tnh, m ng thi ch r s bt sinh ca cc

php bn tnh khng tch.


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Phm mt: Qun Nhn Duyn

73

Phm mt:

Qun Nhn Duyn()

(1) Cc php khng th t sinh khi, Cng chng t php khc sinh ra,

Chng t c hai 13, hoc khng nhn, V th cc php l v sinh.

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