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Tropical Rainforests References: In the Rainforest, by Barbara Taylor. 1999. Barron’s Educational Services. “Learning About Rainforests” http://www.srl.caltech.edu/personnel/krubal/rainforest/serve_home.html 1 Name: ______________________ Date: _______________ Vocabulary for this reading: Tropics: area of land around the middle of the Earth Biome (Life Zone): region with its own life forms and climates Fertile: able to support much plant growth Adaptations: a physical or behavioral feature that helps a plant or animal survive in its habitat Location Imagine a globe. The Tropics are an area of the Earth around the middle of the globe, like a wide belt. Rainforests grow in the Tropics on the continents of Africa, Asia, North America, South America, and Australia. The rainforest of the Congo Basin, located along the Equator in West Africa (latitude: 0°), is the second largest rainforest on Earth. Climate Tropical rainforests grow in warm, wet climates, and they are the rainiest biome on Earth. For example, there are parts of Brazil that receive an average of 96 inches of rain per year. Temperatures are usually between 8090° Fahrenheit and do not change much throughout the year, therefore there are no distinct seasons. Plants Rainforests can be divided into four main layers: the emergent layer at the top, then the canopy, the understory, and the forest floor at the ground level. The tallest trees grow all the way into the emergent layer. Most rainforest life is found in the canopy, about 130 feet above the ground. The canopy receives the most rain and sunshine, and so contains the most food, such as leaves, flowers, and fruits. Between the canopy and the forest floor is an understory of smaller trees, climbing plants, and largeleaved shrubs that can tolerate the shade. Only one or two percent of the sunlight that hits the canopy filters through to the forest floor. The ground is almost bare except for a thin carpet of leaves. Rainforest plants must be able to thrive in a climate with a lot of rain, little sunlight, and soil that is not very fertile. The leaves of rainforest trees, and other rainforest plants, are often thick and leathery with pointed tips called “drip tips.” The rain runs quickly off these leaves and stops moss from growing and blocking out the sunlight. Plants need light to make food, but there is not much light on the dark forest floor. One group of plants, called “air plants,” or

Tropical)Rainforests - Amazon S3 · 2018-11-06 · Tropical)Rainforests! References:!IntheRainforest,byBarbaraTaylor.1999.Barron’sEducationalServices.! ! “LearningAbout!Rainforests”

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Page 1: Tropical)Rainforests - Amazon S3 · 2018-11-06 · Tropical)Rainforests! References:!IntheRainforest,byBarbaraTaylor.1999.Barron’sEducationalServices.! ! “LearningAbout!Rainforests”

Tropical  Rainforests    

References:  In  the  Rainforest,  by  Barbara  Taylor.  1999.  Barron’s  Educational  Services.    “Learning  About  Rainforests”  http://www.srl.caltech.edu/personnel/krubal/rainforest/serve_home.html  

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Name:  ______________________           Date:  _______________    Vocabulary  for  this  reading:  Tropics:  area  of  land  around  the  middle  of  the  Earth    Biome  (Life  Zone):  region  with  its  own  life  forms  and  climates  Fertile:  able  to  support  much  plant  growth  Adaptations:  a  physical  or  behavioral  feature  that  helps  a  plant  or  animal  survive  in  its  habitat  

 Location  

Imagine  a  globe.  The  Tropics  are  an  area  of  the  Earth  around  the  middle  of  the  globe,  like  a  wide  belt.  Rainforests  grow  in  the  Tropics  on  the  continents  of  Africa,  Asia,  North  America,  South  America,  and  Australia.  The  rainforest  of  the  Congo  Basin,  located  along  the  Equator  in  West  Africa  (latitude:  0°),  is  the  second  largest  rainforest  on  Earth.    

 Climate  

Tropical  rainforests  grow  in  warm,  wet  climates,  and  they  are  the  rainiest  biome  on  Earth.  For  example,  there  are  parts  of  Brazil  that  receive  an  average  of  96  inches  of  rain  per  year.  Temperatures  are  usually  between  80-­‐90°  Fahrenheit  and  do  not  change  much  throughout  the  year,  therefore  there  are  no  distinct  seasons.    

 Plants  

Rainforests  can  be  divided  into  four  main  layers:  the  emergent  layer  at  the  top,  then  the  canopy,  the  understory,  and  the  forest  floor  at  the  ground  level.  The  tallest  trees  grow  all  the  way  into  the  emergent  layer.  Most  rainforest  life  is  found  in  the  canopy,  about  130  feet  above  the  ground.  The  canopy  receives  the  most  rain  and  sunshine,  and  so  contains  the  most  food,  such  as  leaves,  flowers,  and  fruits.  Between  the  canopy  and  the  forest  floor  is  an  understory  of  smaller  trees,  climbing  plants,  and  large-­‐leaved  shrubs  that  can  tolerate  the  shade.  Only  one  or  two  percent  of  the  sunlight  that  hits  the  canopy  filters  through  to  the  forest  floor.  The  ground  is  almost  bare  except  for  a  thin  carpet  of  leaves.    

Rainforest  plants  must  be  able  to  thrive  in  a  climate  with  a  lot  of  rain,  little  sunlight,  and  soil  that  is  not  very  fertile.  The  leaves  of  rainforest  trees,  and  other  rainforest  plants,  are  often  thick  and  leathery  with  pointed  tips  called  “drip  tips.”  The  rain  runs  quickly  off  these  leaves  and  stops  moss  from  growing  and  blocking  out  the  sunlight.  Plants  need  light  to  make  food,  but  there  is  not  much  light  on  the  dark  forest  floor.  One  group  of  plants,  called  “air  plants,”  or  

Page 2: Tropical)Rainforests - Amazon S3 · 2018-11-06 · Tropical)Rainforests! References:!IntheRainforest,byBarbaraTaylor.1999.Barron’sEducationalServices.! ! “LearningAbout!Rainforests”

Tropical  Rainforests    

References:  In  the  Rainforest,  by  Barbara  Taylor.  1999.  Barron’s  Educational  Services.    “Learning  About  Rainforests”  http://www.srl.caltech.edu/personnel/krubal/rainforest/serve_home.html  

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epiphytes,  can  grow  on  the  branches,  trunks,  and  even  the  leaves  of  trees  in  order  to  be  closer  to  the  sunlight!  The  roots  of  some  trees  spread  out  above  the  ground  to  form  wide,  flat  wing-­‐like  shapes  called  buttresses  (picture  on  next  page).  These  buttress  roots  may  extend  16  feet  from  the  trunk.  They  probably  help  to  support  the  tall  trees,  but  may  also  help  the  tree  to  feed.  They  spread  widely  and  send  down  small  feeding  roots  into  the  soil.  Flowers  are  either  brightly  colored  or  strong  smelling  to  attract  birds  and  bats  that  will  spread  the  seeds.    

Page 3: Tropical)Rainforests - Amazon S3 · 2018-11-06 · Tropical)Rainforests! References:!IntheRainforest,byBarbaraTaylor.1999.Barron’sEducationalServices.! ! “LearningAbout!Rainforests”

Tropical  Rainforests    

References:  In  the  Rainforest,  by  Barbara  Taylor.  1999.  Barron’s  Educational  Services.    “Learning  About  Rainforests”  http://www.srl.caltech.edu/personnel/krubal/rainforest/serve_home.html  

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Oil  Palm                        Mahogany  Tree       Orchids  

     

           Tree  with  Buttress  Roots              Leaf  with  “Drip  Tip”  

                               

Liana  (climbing  vines)             Bromeliad  (type  of  air  plant)                  

Page 4: Tropical)Rainforests - Amazon S3 · 2018-11-06 · Tropical)Rainforests! References:!IntheRainforest,byBarbaraTaylor.1999.Barron’sEducationalServices.! ! “LearningAbout!Rainforests”

Tropical  Rainforests    

References:  In  the  Rainforest,  by  Barbara  Taylor.  1999.  Barron’s  Educational  Services.    “Learning  About  Rainforests”  http://www.srl.caltech.edu/personnel/krubal/rainforest/serve_home.html  

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Animals  The  animals  of  the  rainforest  have  adaptations  to  help  them  move  through  tall  trees,  

see  at  night,  and  fly  quickly  and  carefully.  For  example,  some  animals  have  long  arms  for  swinging,  tails  for  gripping,  hanging,  and  balancing,  and  sticky  toes,  rough  soles,  or  long  claws  for  extra  grip.  Some  birds  have  short,  rounded  wings  that  help  them  twist  and  turn  through  the  branches.  Predator  animals  in  the  rainforest  use  poison,  teeth,  claws,  and  sticky  tongues  to  catch  their  prey.  Prey  animals  also  use  methods  of  defense,  such  as  poison,  and  camouflage,  such  as  looking  like  leaves,  twigs,  or  bark.  

 Okapi                          African  Elephant                                                    Black  Colobus  Monkey  

               

     Gorilla             Grey  Parrot  

     

Goliath  Beetle        

   

Hornbill  Toucan