Tropical Residential Building Presentation (Revised)

7/28/2019 Tropical Residential Building Presentation (Revised)

1/22

A TROPICAL RESIDENTIAL BUILDING:

TOWARDS ARCHITECTURE THROUGH

PASSIVE DESIGN


2/22

ABSTRACT

Passive design is a way of using the sun advantage

for heating and cooling based from the design of the building.

As residential building continuous to become moreeconomical on building especially on urban places here in

tropical countries, many changes may be made for the

design and construction of building to make it more

sustainable and comfortable for living. This review focus onthe development of passive solar applications by considering

principles of passive design to attain natural ventilation,

building orientation and thermal mass of the residential

building. This case study represents or tells information on

how to attain passive design in tropical countries. It is

essential to develop an understanding of passive design in

order to be equipped for the years to come.


3/22

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The aim of this study is based upon climate

consideration for designing a residential building in tropicalclimate like here in the Philippines. This study may carry out

empirical research through case study on passive design in

the design of the residential building which can consider the

attempts to control comfort in heating and cooling without

consuming much electricity.

The case study aims how can a residential building

may convert or achieve passive design through by:

considering based upon climate;

using orientation of building to control heat gain and heatloss and;

using the shape of the building to control the flow of air

inside the building.


4/22

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Passive energy is more sustainable than active energy systems

because passive systems use far fewer natural resources to build and

maintain. They do not rely so heavily upon gas for heating or coolants for

air conditioning. Passive systems are designed so that they can take

natural energy from the sun to heat a building and use specific design

principles to cool a building. Passive energy systems are also cheaper

than active systems because they are less susceptible to malfunction

since they rely completely upon nature, rather than using mechanical

equipment to produce energy. In order to create a home that will

maximize the effects of passive solar heating, a designer must take manydifferent variables into account. Two major ideas crucial to

creating effective passive solar housing are orientation and materials.

Passive solar buildings should be oriented to receive as much southern

sun as possible. In the summer, the hot sun can be blocked by using

overhangs or through landscaping like large foliated trees. In the winter,sun should help heat the house because the sun angle is lower in the sky

allowing more sun to hit the glazing more directly. Thought should also

be given to the specifications of the windows for maximum solar

gains and heat loss. By using the right building materials such as

masonry or concrete and combining them with effective insulation, solarenergy can be contained in the house allowing it to be comfortable year


5/22

Context

The case study had consider the passive design tominimize the cost on electric bill, gain natural ventilation, buildingorientation, comfortable internal environment, gain natural heatand deflects extreme heat of the sun.

Cost is a very important factor for designing sustainablearchitecture. Passive design may minimize the electric bill of aresidential house because of the natural energy gain of thebuilding through the natural ventilation inside the building through

air flow and by using orientation of trees near the building for thecooling effect of air flow going to the building. This can minimizeusing mechanical devices for cooling like air-conditioning unit.Through orientation of the building and shape of the building maygain heat or heat loss and control air flow. During summer, there

are ways to gain heat loss by providing roof air vent or ceilinglouvers to create thermal comfort during summer to insulateextreme heat.


6/22

Defini t ion of Terms

Passive Design attempts to control comfort without usingfuels and based upon climate considerations

Heat

a form of thermal energy resulting from combustion,chemical reaction, friction, or movement

Heat Gain to the increase in temperature in a space, objector structure

Heat Loss the heat that flows from the building interior,

through the building envelope to the outside environmentOrientation the position of a building with respect to thesun, a concept in building design

Passive Energy natural energy that's harnessed to

achieve a desired goalNatural Ventilation the process of supplying and removingair through an indoor space without using mechanicalsystems


7/22

Relevant TheoriesThe primary design theory of passive solar design is

collect heat from sun light directly by allowing it to enter

through windows while at the same time minimize heat loss

through windows where the sun is not prevalent. In thenorthern hemisphere this means a large number of big

windows on the south side with minimal or no windows on

the other three sides

(http://www.naturallifenetwork.com/home/passivesolar.asp).


8/22

Research that has Already Taken Place

The Passive House concept represents today's highestenergy standard with the promise of slashing the heating energy

consumption of buildings by an amazing 90%. Widespreadapplication of the Passive House design would have a dramaticimpact on energy conservation. Data from the U.S. EnergyInformation Administration shows that buildings are responsible for48% of greenhouse gas emissions annually and 76% of all

electricity generated by U.S. power plants goes to supply theBuilding Sector. It has been abundantly clear for some time thatthe Building Sector is a primary contributor of climate-changingpollutants, and the question is asked: How do we best square ourbuilding energy needs with those of our environment and of ourpocketbook? In the realm of super energy efficiency, the PassiveHouse presents an intriguing option for new and retrofitconstruction; in residential, commercial, and institutionalprojects (http://www.passivehouse.us/passiveHouse/PassiveHouseInfo.html).


9/22

- , -building that is primarily heated by passive solar gain and byinternal gains from people, electrical equipment, etc. Energylosses are minimized. Any remaining heat demand is provided byan extremely small source. Avoidance of heat gain throughshading and window orientation also helps to limit any cooling

load, which is similarly minimized. An energy recovery ventilatorprovides a constant, balanced fresh air supply. The result is animpressive system that not only saves up to 90% of space heatingcosts, but also provides a uniquely terrific indoor airquality (http://www.passivehouse.us/passiveHouse/PassiveHouseInfo.html).

A Passive House is a comprehensive system. "Passive"describes well this system's underlying receptivity and retentioncapacity. Working with natural resources, free solar energy iscaptured and applied efficiently, instead of relying predominantly

on active systems to bring a building to zero energy. Highperformance triple-glazed windows, super-insulation, an airtightbuilding shell, limitation of thermal bridging and balanced energyrecovery ventilation make possible extraordinary reductions inenergy use and carbon emission.(http://www.passivehouse.us/passiveHouse/PassiveHouseInfo.htm

l).


10/22

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Passive design is applied for a residential building

considering the orientation, overhangs and shading,insulation, windows and thermal mass. For considering these

factors of passive design, the study may aim the main

objective of the case study, to achieve and consider the

passive design for attaining tropical residential building.


11/22

History and Development

Passive design, an idea of green building, is a creative

way of using the sun advantage of both heating and cooling

based from building orientation. Ancient cultures considered

factors of passive design such as solar orientation, thermal

mass, and ventilation in the construction of residentialdwellings. Greeks and Chinese first employed fully

developed solar architecture and urban planning methods

who oriented their buildings toward south to provide light and

warmth. Also, Roman bathhouses had large south facingwindows.


12/22

Mission and Purpose

Preparing such case study on passive design

attempts to achieve the goal of this study. The main objective

of the case study is to achieve the passive design on tropical

residential buildings especially on tropical countries like

Philippines. The purpose of this case study was to minimizeusage of mechanical cooling and to lessen the usage of

electricity of residential building. Passive design may also be

the way of attaining heating and cooling in natural way

through the environment and natural ventilation of air flow ofthe residential building.


13/22

Principles

Passive solar seems simple enough conceptually; it is thebalance of all components that make it work year round. It is the balanceof glass to mass and appropriate shading with natural ventilation

strategies that makes the house work as a system(http://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-design).

The following list of principles should help guide the passive solar

design process.1) Orient the house within 30 degrees of due south

2) Super-insulate the house

3) Design the size of south glazing to meet the heat loss of the house

4) Configure thermal mass to absorb sunlight

5) Determine appropriate overhangs for all south glass6) Limit east, west, and north glass while providing for cross-ventilation

7) Design appropriate shading strategies for east and west glass

8) Calculate the backup heating and cooling required
http://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-designhttp://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-designhttp://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-designhttp://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-designhttp://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-designhttp://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-designhttp://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-designhttp://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-designhttp://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-designhttp://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-designhttp://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-designhttp://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-designhttp://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-designhttp://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-designhttp://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-designhttp://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-designhttp://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-designhttp://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-designhttp://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-designhttp://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-design


14/22

Orient the house with in 30 degrees of d ue sou th


15/22

Super-Insulate the house


16/22

Design the size of south glazing to meet the heat loss o f

the house


17/22

Conf igure thermal mass to absorb sunl ight


18/22


19/22

Determ ine app ropr iate overhangs for al l sou th glass


20/22

PROGRAM ANALYSIS

Lessons Learned

The case study shows how can a residential buildingmay accommodate a natural lighting, natural ventilation,

solar heating, air cooling and less cost on electric bill through

architecture by considering passive design on a residential

house.

b ilding


21/22

building.

The aim of this study is based upon climate consideration for

designing a residential building in tropical climate like here in the

Philippines.

The case study had consider the passive design to minimize thecost on electric bill, gain natural ventilation, building orientation,

comfortable internal environment, gain natural heat and deflects extreme

heat of the sun.

This case study concludes that applying passive design may

consider some principles to achieve the main goal of having a passiveresidential building in tropical countries. These principles are:

Building orientation which to maximize energy production in a

passive solar home. Because passive solar homes rely on natural

sunlight to power the buildings utilities, the building should be

oriented on the site in a way that will allow it to maximize the amountof sunlight and;

Thermal mass which is another important concept to keep in mind

when dealing with energy efficient housing. It is important for these

types of homes to be built with materials that have a large amount of

thermal mass.


22/22

REFERENCES

A. Boo ks

Button, David and Brian Pye, ed. Glass in Building. Reed Int'l Books, Boston

1993Desbarats, Guy, Low energy Building Design Awards and Competition,Minister, Canada, 1980

Hibshman, Dan. Your Affordable Solar Home, Sierra Club Books, SanFrancisco, 1983

B. Elect ronic Sourceshttp://www.eslarp.uiuc.edu/arch/ARCH371-F99/groups/k/solar.html

http://thekitchenworks.net/20/4-passive-design

http://www.passivehouse.us/passiveHouse/PassiveHouseInfo.html

http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/09-10/Hybrid_systems/passivedesign.pdf

http://www.naturallifenetwork.com/home/passivesolar.asphttp://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-design#1

http://uncw.edu/csurf/Explorations/documents/ScottBarber.pdf

Documents

Tropical Residential Building Presentation (Revised)