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An Integrated Mode Research of QFD and TRIZ and Its Applications

Li Shaobo, Ma Yuqin, Yang Guanci, Li Yaqing

Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

Guizhou UniversityGuiyang, China

e-mail: lishaobo@gzu.edu.cn

Abstract From the aspects of the innovative design

development, this paper analyses QFDs defects and

investigates the possibilities for integrated use of QFD and

TRIZ, which is on the base of QFDs and TRIZs appearance,

development, contents and using characteristics. Then it

makes a deep research for the two integrated technology

process, and brings forward the integrated general design

system for use. To the importance of conflicted matrix in the

HOQ and TRIZ, it puts forward the combined using design

process for the both two. Finally, on the using of the abovetheories, this paper optimizes the vices innovative design and

solves its using problems, thereby it indicates this methods

practical value.

Keywords-QFD;TRIZ;integration; innovation and optimized

design

I. INTRODUCTIONEnterprises urgently pursue to develop new products and

technologies as soon as possible to keep the competitive predominance. The product design is a very complex process which could be divided by four phases: productprogramming, project design, technology design and detailsdesign. How to deal with the relationship between these four phases well and to design low-cost and high-competitionproducts is becoming the point for attention.

At present, there are many ways of supporting productinnovation designs, for example, QFD, TRIZ, reliabilitydesign, Robust design, AD, GDT and UDT, etc. There aremany practical examples in use with the support of thesemethods to make the innovation design: On the condition ofQFDs research, Chai Guoying in Chinese NorthernResearch Institute made the QFDs actual use in the generaldesign idea for the diesel engine come true, such design ideanot only makes the products of the diesel engine indeed caterfor customers demands, improve the productsapplicability, and reduce the research period, but also finallyimproves the products marketing competitive capability[1].On the basis of TRIZs solving-problems processes andcharacteristics, Chen Zishun in Hebei Industrial Universitysummarized the factual using methods and steps of TRIZ inactual projects, and made a research on the machine toolsreamer system, finally solved the existing problems of thereamers structure[2]. However, most of these researchesand actual uses emphasize particularly on the problems ofone phase or one aspect in products innovative design with

one theory, so how to integrate some of these theoriesorganically is becoming the key point for research[2][3].

II. SUMMARIZATION OF QFD AND TRIZA. QFD

Brought forward by Japanese scholar at the end of1960s, QFD is the multi-level deducting and analyzing

method of transforming customers or markets demandsinto design requirements, components characteristics,technology requirements and producing requirements. Itreflects the directional ideology of markets guidance andthe products design gist of considering customersdemands. HOQ (House of Quality) is QFDs nerve centre,and its a products information storehouse which loads allcustomers information related to products exploitation andsets up the relationship between customers demands andproducts related characteristics, so that it reduces existingestrangements between customers demands and producers,and makes the apt products occupy the market with aappropriate price at the right time [3]. The structure of HOQis shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. The structure of House of Quality

QFD has formed three generally accepted patternsaround 1990s since its birth: integrative QFD pattern withthe representative of Yoji Akao, ASI four-stage pattern ofJohn R. Hauser & Don Clausing and GOAL/QPCs matrixpattern of Bob King. During these patterns, ASI four-stagepattern illuminates QFDs key ideology most clearly, as isshown in Figure 2.

In this pattern, customers requirements, designrequirements, products characteristics, technical operationand producing requirements become the important designprocedures. These procedures are organically linked throughHOQ, so they can support the products innovation designprocesses effectively [4].

2009 Second International Workshop on Computer Science and Engineering

978-0-7695-3881-5/09 $26.00 2009 IEEE

DOI 10.1109/WCSE.2009.120

548

2009 Second International Workshop on Computer Science and Engineering

978-0-7695-3881-5/09 $26.00 2009 IEEE

DOI 10.1109/WCSE.2009.120

548

2009 Second International Workshop on Computer Science and Engineering

978-0-7695-3881-5/09 $26.00 2009 IEEE

DOI 10.1109/WCSE.2009.729

548

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Figure 2. The ASI mode of QFD

QFD has been widely used since its birth. The advantageof QFD is that QFD has made an effective plan since theearly design stage of products and has prevented theunnecessary repetitions in the approaching finish-stage.Thats to say, designers are aware of what to do with thecondition of QFD [5].

B.

TRIZTRIZ Theory of Inventive Problem Solving

research began in 1946, and its a theoretical system which

synthesized principles and theories in many subject fields,with the analysis of 2500000 patents in the world by theresearch organization formed by former Soviet Union'suniversities, research institutes and enterprises. Its main purpose is to form a guiding theory system for new products design innovation, with the condition ofresearching the scientific principles and rules regulated inthe processes of humans invention and solving technical problems, and also making a summary of them [6]. Rightnow because of its good operational, systemic and practicalfeatures, TRIZ dominates a unique position in the global

innovation and creation research fields. And its specifictheory structure and general structure of problem-solvingsteps are shown in Figure 3.

Theevolutionrules of

technologysystems

Themodelofissue

Material-FieldAnalysis

Conflictanalysis

FunctionalAnalysis

ARIZ76standardsolutions

40principlesof invention

EffectoftheTreasury

Referencesolution

Theoreticalbasis

AnalysisToolsKnowledge-based

tools Solutions

Figure 3. The structure of TRIZ problem-solving steps

To some extent, TRIZ has solved the problem of how todo, and has been successful in the settlements of a number ofissues. World-renowned companies such as Ford, Motorola,GM, GE, IBM, HP, etc. have started to use it to solve problems based on computer-aided engineering andtechnology innovation, and make it an effective innovation

tool for solving difficult technical problems in cutting-edgetechnology field[6][7].

III. INTEGRATION RESEARCH OF QFD AND TRIZA. Theoretical Basis for Integration

1) Traditional QFDs DeficienciesAlthough QFD combines customers needs with quality

of the elements through the HOQ very ingeniously, there arestill certain problems in practical applications. The main problems existing in the product innovation design are asfollows.

a) Traditional QFD technology is obviously deficient forinnovative demand; it needs the help of designers personalexperience and knowledge. But because of the limitation ofdesigners personal experience and knowledge structure, it isdifficult for the high-innovation products coming out.Providing a tool to meet innovative design demands fortraditional QFD improvement is very needed.

b) The current quality plan process which based on QFDcouldnt confirm the linear relationship and mutuality of

HOQs elements clearly.c) QFD studies mostly focus on the products innovation

in the first two stages, that is, products innovation plan andcomponents deployment. Only very few researchers payattention to the stage after products innovation, that is,technologic plan and producing plan.

d) The goal-products function, the mechanism ofparallel hierarchy structures presentation and technologicalurgent-in-need innovation mechanism all comes fromcustomers demand analysis. Technical issues need to besolved is to consider the correlation between the mechanism

and function and technological innovation needs TRIZs

help.

2) Related Integration ResearchThe optimization for the bottleneck problems can not be

gotten from QFD, but the bottleneck problems can beovercome through a variety of solutions generated by TRIZ.Therefore, integrated research of QFD and TRIZ plays agreat significance for the support of products innovationdesign.

The combination of QFD and TRIZ the combination

of QFD and experimental design have been found in manyliteratures at home and abroad in the process of productsdesign with the core of QFD. Abroad, Philip J. Ross,

Terninkao J and Leon Noel, etc.[4]and Tan Runhua [6],

and Zhang Fuying [8], etc. at home all have made studied inthese fields.

B. Integration Architecture StudyGuangping[9] has made a preliminary study based on

QFD and TRIZ, and has gotten the general mode and process for integration design. In this paper, we usecorrelation matrix at the roof of HOQ to express correlationsbetween the different technical characteristics, and then thetechnical characteristics of negative correlations are output.Based on combining with the TRIZ tools, ultimately

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solutions are generated from the users demands. Theconcrete process is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4. Integrated design system based on QFD and TRIZ

In this process, the users demands are reflected in thequality of house in QFD firstly. The house of quality canchoose appropriate using-pattern from the above-mentioned

patterns, in order to make the process, from customers

requirements to design requirements, to the technicalcharacteristics of the parts, then to the technical operation to

production requirements, come true. In this process therewill be bad phenomenon such as innovation, conflict and problem which can not be solved, and at this time it is

necessary to combine QFD with TRIZ organically. First

transfer the above issues into TRIZs solving problems;Second, look through 39 engineering parameters to findsimilar standards, and then acquire similar standard problem-solving solutions by using of the invention 40 principles. Because TRIZ is a supporting and guidinginnovative tool in many fields, in order to get the optimalsolution for the problem, the combination of professionaltechnical knowledge and experience is needed, and then theultimate solution will be found.

Compared with the previous design methods, this designis able to solve the application problems of QFD which isinadequate to support the innovation, uncertainty and nothandled properly by key elements and the matrixrelationship in quality of house, only considering thecustomers needs in the specific design, lacking ofinnovation work and other issues. Meanwhile, it canameliorate TRIZs supporting innovative designshortcomings. This is not only reflecting technologyinnovation process itself, but also is reflecting the majorityof customers demands. This has a great significance forimproving products capabilities and market-demandingcapacities. Ultimately it will increase the productsmarketing capabilities.

C. General Comprehensive Application Research of QFDand TRIZs conflict matrix

Jianhui [10] studied and brought forward the initialapplication model of QFD and TRIZ conflict matrix, but thismodel is not detailed and specific enough.

The above-mentioned integrated model of QFD andTRIZ can be said to be an integrated and holistic framework,and be affected through many approaches in actual use.HOQ is QFDs nerve center, conflict matrix and 40invention principles are important innovation tools of TRIZ.

In this paper, we consider their organically combined andintegrated use, in order to form a detailed design processwithin the mentioned above overall framework. Theconcrete process is as shown in Figure 5.

Technicalknowledge

andexperience

Profession-ally

CustomerCompetitive

Analysis

Theimportanceofcustomer

requirements

Figure 5. HOQ structure and problem-solving process

In this process, firstly, we establish HOQ in accordancewith customers demands, and then make conflict analysis tothe negative correlation parameters in the correlation matrix.Secondly, we determine conflicts belonging categoryaccording to different criteria, and then find out the solutionwith using conflict solution matrix, which followed by theanalysis, summary, research and consideration for the issuesin conflict matrix with the invention principles of TRIZ.Finally, with combination of professional and technicalknowledge and experience, we confirm whether the solutionis in line with the actual professional and technical situationor not, in this way we get the ideal solution.

In the above process, we used TRIZs conflict matrixand inventive principles. In conflict matrix, the verticalsections reflect the improving technical characteristics whichare the 39 engineering parameters such as the quality ofmoving objects, stationary objects and so on. So do thehorizontal sections, though with the reflection ofdeteriorating characteristics. During the above designprocess, we can find the corresponding solution in this formwhen we have identified technical requirements with the useof QFD, different technical characteristics of improvementand deterioration in the table junction is the suggestinginvention theory for the solution correspondingly.

And then we can use the 40 invention principles to solve problems. Were able to combine HOQs and TRIZsconflict matrix with invention principles organically, so weachieve the new products design goal of satisfyingcustomers demands and upgrading the products marketcompetitive capabilities.

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IV. APPLICATIONA. Products and Problems

Vice is an important tool for holding and processing parts in engineering applications, its basic structure is asshown in Figure 6.

Figure 6. Structure of the vice

After our scene investigation and consultation to the

skilled workers, we get the following main defects in use

a) It is linear joint between most parts of the vice and thesteel tube. The tubes bearing pressure will be very largewith when a larger force acting on it, due to this, the tubessurface will appear biggish impression and split marks.

b) After a long-term use, the rail will be swayed andunstable; such phenomenon will influence the tubespositioning accuracy, and will bring some problems such asprocessing warp;

c) When a longer tube is fixed by it, it is needed to rotatethe tube or the vice because of the space or other reasons.But sometimes it is very difficult to achieve the ideal effects.

d) When a tube is fixed by vice and is being processed,the loosen threads vice may appears for a greater force. Thenthe clamping loosening appears and it will lead to a declinein the processing quality.

B. House of QualityAccording to QFD, HOQ is established with the demand

of this example. Then we analyze the various customersneeds and correlations of the different engineeringcharacteristics. Ultimately we come to a conclusion inFigure 7.

Figure 7. HOQ of desktop vice improving design

C. The Characteristics Need to ImproveAnalyzing the relationship between various customers

needs and engineering characteristics in the HOQ above, inorder to get the conflict, we use TRIZ engineering parameters to describe them. Based on the integratedanalysis, we get characteristics which we have to meet:accuracy, adaptability, reliability; In order to achieve therequirements of the three characteristics, the adverse effects

that may arise are: vices complexity, structural stability,

manufacturing precision.

D. Analysis table of conflict matrixAccording to TRIZs invention principles and conflict

matrix, combined with the design requirements, relevantengineering parameters and principles needed are shown intable1.

Vice complexityStructural

stability

Manufacturing

precision

Accuracy 27351034 323513 --

Adaptability 15293728 353014 --

Reliability 13

35

1 -- 11

32

1

E. Examples of conflict resolutionIn accordance with the conflict matrix above, we get the

following ideas to solve the problem combined with TRIZ's40 invention principles.

In order to solve the problem of accuracy complexity ininstallation and testing, we use conflict matrix above andfind 4 principles useful in TRIZ's 40 invention principles tosolve the problem. They are as follows: 27. Low-cost, non-durable objects instead of expensive, durable objects; 35.Parameter changes; 10. Pre-reaction; 34. Abandoned orRepair. Then we have a try of the various principles, and principle 35 is most effective to solve this problem. In a

word, we can improve rails positioning accuracy anddurability by changing manufacturing precision and rigidmaterials. Due to space limitations, solving processes ofother conflicts wont be introduced one by one here.

F. The last way to solve problemThrough colligating the applicable way of QFD and

TRIZ, the following advices may be gotten about the tool:Firstly, the parts clamped may be locked to enlarge

contact area and meanwhile the foreheads of all blocks ofareas clamped are added to pads so as to decrease extrusiondegree to destroy. Secondly, well get a better improvementon orientation precision and durability by improving railsmanufacture precision and material rigidity. Thirdly, inorder to realize the clamping problem to a small space, wemay build a rotating mechanism at the bottom of vice.Finally, when the process of the assembling and clamping isover, we may add lock mechanism at the back of threads orcarry lock measure in the mechanical structures.

V. CONCLUSION AND EXPECTATIONAs is seen from the above steps, the integration based on

QFD and TRIZ can be used to solve some problems aboutthe using vice. If we can organically combine QFD with

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TRIZ, customers demands and markets requirements aremade an exhibition through the QFD part and inventiondesign is reflected through the TRIZ part. Both advantagesof doing so are fully exerted, which are very importantmeaning in the go-ahead of the product innovation design.However, it is a difficult process about two differenttheories availability integration. Some problems may be

encountered in the course of application. For example,whether the results which are got by the integration designprocess supporting innovation design proposed in this paperare the optimal results, how to appraise them. This should be a problem need to solve .Meanwhile, with the gradualimprovement of the computer technology and continuousdevelopment of the intelligent design; whether we shouldconsider the idea in this paper that it can be made aintelligent design system or a platform so as to serve the

product innovative design. Of course the idea is required

to make a further research and improvement. Therefore, itwill be the main research assignment to continue taking fulluse of this technology to solve more problems, and developor improve it.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This research is supported by Science Foundation ofMinistry of Education (205144), Outstanding Talents Projectof Guizhou Province, Programs for Science and TechnologyDevelopment of guizhou ([2008]3058, [2008]3047),Guizhou University Graduate Innovation Fund projects in

China (School of Science and Technology Institute2009018).

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pp.116-118.

[3] JONG-SEOK SHIN, KWANG-JAE KIM. Complexity reduction of adesign problem in QFD using decomposition. Journal of IntelligentManufacturing 2000(11), pp.339-354.

[4] SHI Guilong, SHE Yuanguan. Theoretical research to solve the problem Based on QFD, TRIZ and Taguchi Method[J]. SystemsEngineering and Electronic Technology,2008,30(5), pp.851-857.

[5] Michael Schlueter. QFD by TRIZ. http www. TRIZ journal .com/archives/ index. html.

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[7] Rohan A. Shirwaiker, Gl E. Okudan. Triz and axiomatic design: areview of case-studies and a proposed synergistic use.J Intell Manuf2008,(19) pp.3347.

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