Trio 20.0 27.6 Tl Us Technical Manual

of 152 TRIO-20.0/27.6-TL US Technical Manual

BCG.00627.1_AA

AURORA TRIO Photovoltaic Inverters

TRIO-20.0/27.6-TL

Technical Manual


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Copyright 2013 Power-One Renewable Energy Solutions LLC. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of Power-One Renewable Energy Solutions LLC. Power-One Renewable Energy Solutions LLC makes no representations, express or implied, with respect to this document or any of the equipment and/or software it may describe; including (without limitation) any implied warranties of utility, or merchantability for any particular purpose. All such warranties are expressly disclaimed. Power-One Renewable Energy Solutions LLC, its subsidiaries, affiliates, distributors and dealers shall not be liable for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages under any circumstances. Power-One Renewable Energy Solutions LLC reserves the right to make changes to this document without notice and shall not be responsible for any damages, including indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages, caused by reliance on the content presented, including, but not limited to, any omissions, typographical errors, arithmetical errors or listing errors. All trademarks, logos, trade names, service marks and copyrighted materials used in this document are the property of their respective owners. Failure to designate a mark as registered does not mean that such mark is not a registered trademark. The Power-One name and logo are registered trademarks of Power-One, Inc. in the U.S.A. and other countries. All rights reserved. No licenses are conveyed herein, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights. Power-One Renewable Energy Solutions LLC 740 Calle Plano Camarillo, California, 93012 United States


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Revision Origin Date ECO Description of Modification BCG.00627 AA

Phoenix TechDocs

1/22/13 C23973 New release

BCG.00627.1 AA

Phoenix TechDocs

4/09/13

C27403 Added mounting bracket dimensions; graphics for arrangement of terminal wiring in wye and Delta grid connections; Removed additive clearance distances for multiple installation, changed clearances; Modified AC grid wiring sizes listed. Changed illustrations for switchbox to reflect new position of feeders on DC terminals. Formatted in A5 size for printing.


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Contents PART 1 INTRODUCTION & SAFETY ...................................................................... 6 1.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 7 1.2 SAFETY .............................................................................................................................. 9 PART 2 UNPACK AND SELECT INSTALLATION LOCATION ....................... 17 2.1 GENERAL CONDITIONS ........................................................................................... 18 2.2 SELECT THE INSTALLATION LOCATION ........................................................ 22 PART 3 MOUNTING AND WIRING ...................................................................... 28 3.1 AVAILABLE VERSIONS ............................................................................................. 29 3.2 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF TRIO ....................................................... 32 3.3 WALL MOUNTING ...................................................................................................... 34 3.4 WIRING DETAILS ....................................................................................................... 38 3.5 SETTING THE COUNTRY STANDARD AND LANGUAGE ............................ 69 PART 4 OPERATIONS ............................................................................................. 71 4.1 GENERAL CONDITIONS ........................................................................................... 72 4.2 MONITORING AND DATA TRANSMISSION ..................................................... 72 4.3 DISPLAY AND KEYPAD ............................................................................................ 73 4.4 COMMISSIONING ........................................................................................................ 80 4.5 DESCRIPTION OF THE MENUS ............................................................................. 85 PART 5 TROUBLESHOOTING .............................................................................. 95 5.1 GENERAL CONDITIONS ........................................................................................... 96 5.2 ALARM MESSAGES AND DISPLAY CODES ....................................................... 96 5.3 THE POWER-ONE SERVICE CALL .................................................................... 114 PART 6 MAINTENANCE ....................................................................................... 115 6.1 GENERAL CONDITIONS ........................................................................................ 116 6.2 ROUTINE MAINTENANCE ................................................................................... 117 6.3 OTHER MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................ 118 6.4 CR2032 BATTERY REPLACEMENT ................................................................. 119


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6.5 STORAGE AND DISMANTLING .......................................................................... 120 PART 7 APPENDIX ................................................................................................ 121 7.1 TECHNICAL DATA ................................................................................................... 122 7.2 FIELD ADJUSTABLE LIMITS FOR VOLTAGE AND FREQUENCY ......... 138 7.3 MPPT CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES ............................................................... 140 7.4 ENVIRONMENTAL SENSORS .............................................................................. 143 7.5 PROTECTIVE DEVICES IN THE AURORA INVERTER............................... 148 7.6 STRINGS AND ARRAYS.......................................................................................... 149 7.7 FCC REMARKS ........................................................................................................... 150 7.8 INDEX OF TABLES AND FIGURES .................................................................... 151


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PART 1 INTRODUCTION & SAFETY

of 152 TRIO-20.0/27.6-TL-OUTD-US Part 1 Introduction and Safety

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1.1 INTRODUCTION SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS. This manual contains important instructions for the models indicated on the front cover that shall be followed during installation and maintenance of the inverter. 1.1.1 PURPOSE The purpose of this document is to support the qualified technician, who has received training and/or has demonstrated skills and knowledge in construction, in installing and maintaining this Power-One AURORA TRIO Photovoltaic (PV) Inverter. This manual does not cover any details concerning equipment connected to the inverter such as the solar modules. Information concerning the connected equipment is available from the respective manufacturers. 1.1.2 INSTALLATION The installation is to be done by a qualified installer, normally a licensed electrician or contractor, according to the applicable local code regulations (National Electric Code (NEC), Canadian Electric Code (CEC), and other). 1.1.3 MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE Maintenance and service procedures must comply with the manufacturer's documentation. For more detailed information, see Maintenance, Part 6. Call Power-One Customer Service at 877-261-1374 for a list of qualified service contractors.


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1.1.4 FIGURES AND IMAGES IN THIS MANUAL The photos in this manual may differ slightly from the final model shipped and the color of the components may not match those illustrated; however the information is still applicable. 1.1.5 STORAGE OF THIS INFORMATION Keep this document in a safe place near the AURORA TRIO Inverter for easy access during installation and maintenance. It must be accessible for approved service and maintenance personnel at any time. 1.1.6 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION More information on Power-Ones AURORA TRIO Inverter can be found at www.power-one.com.


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1.2 SAFETY IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS! SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS KEEP IN A SAFE PLACE! 1.2.1 WARNINGS IN THIS DOCUMENT This is a list of special safety symbols used in this manual that highlight potential safety risks and/or useful information. The symbol usage is described below:

Symbol Usage

DANGER

Indicates a hazardous situation that can result in deadly electric shock hazards, other serious physical injury, and/or fire hazards.

CAUTION

The reader should stop, use caution and fully understand the operations explained before proceeding.

WARNING DANGEROUS VOLTAGE The product works with high voltages. All work on the AURORA TRIO Inverter must follow the described documentation and must comply with all prevailing codes and regulations associated with high voltages.

WARNING

HOT TEMPERATURE Some surfaces may become hot; do not touch the product while it is in operation. UL1741 Standard for Safety for Inverters, Converters, Controllers and Interconnection System Equipment for use with Distributed Energy Resources. CSA-C22.2 No. 107.1-01 - General Use Power Supplies.


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THE INSTALLER MUST READ THIS DOCUMENT IN ITS ENTIRETY BEFORE INSTALLING OR COMMISSIONING THIS EQUIPMENT. 1.2.1.1 Equipment Safety Warnings In addition to the safety and hazard symbols, the following symbols are also used in this installation guide:

System earth conductor (main grounding protective earth, PE) Alternating Current (AC) Value Direct Current (DC) Value Phase

Grounding (earth) The equipment has various labels. Those with a yellow background refer to safety concerns. Be sure to read all labels before beginning installation of the equipment. If any questions arise as to the meaning or intent of these notices, please contact Power-One Technical Support at 877-261-1374. 1.2.1.2 General Installation Warnings The AURORA TRIO Transformerless Inverter is designed and tested according to international safety requirements (UL1741/IEEE1547); however, certain safety precautions must be observed when installing and operating this inverter. Read and follow all instructions, cautions and warnings in this installation manual.


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All operations regarding transport, installation start up, and maintenance, must be carried out by qualified, trained personnel and in compliance with all prevailing local codes and regulations. 1.2.1.3 Assembly Warnings Prior to installation, inspect the unit to ensure absence of any transport or handling damage, which could affect insulation integrity or safety clearances; the failure to do so could result in safety hazards. Assemble the inverter per the instructions in this manual. Use care when choosing the installation location and adhere to specified cooling requirements. Unauthorized removal of necessary protection features, improper use, incorrect installation or operation may lead to serious safety and shock hazards and/or equipment damage. 1.2.1.4 Electrical Connection Warnings This grid-tied inverter system operates only when properly connected to the AC utility grid. Before connecting the services of the AURORA grid-tied inverter to the AC utility grid, contact the local power distribution company to receive the appropriate approvals. This connection must be made only by qualified technical personnel.

CAUTION

Wiring methods used should be in accordance with the National Electric Code, ANSI/NFPA 70 and/or any prevailing local codes and regulations. Systems with inverters typically require external disconnect switches or protective devices (e.g., fusing circuit breakers) depending upon the local safety regulations.


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Output circuits must be isolated from the enclosure and system grounding, required by Articles 690.40 and 690.42 of the National Electric Code, ANSI/NFPA 70, and are the responsibility of the installer.

DANGER

The Aurora Inverter should be connected only to a dedicated branch circuit. For models that do not include AC output overcurrent protection, it is the responsibility of the end user to provide protection for the AC output circuit. Connect only to a circuit provided with the maximum branch OCPD in accordance with the CSA document available on the Power-One website and listed in the Technical data sheet of the appendix (Table 7-1). 1.2.2 APPROPRIATE USAGE The AURORA Inverter is a photovoltaic inverter that converts direct current of a connected PV array into alternating current and feeds that power into the AC utility grid. This AURORA Inverter is designed for outdoor use, but can be used indoors if installed to specified environmental and mounting parameters stated in this manual, and adherence to the National Electric Code. (See Environmental Conditions in section 1.2.2.2 and General Installation Conditions in section 2.2.1 for more information.)

If installed indoors, the inverter must be inaccessible to unqualified persons. 1.2.2.1 Conditions of Use

CAUTION

This inverter utilizes a transformerless design and requires connected array(s) to be floating with respect to ground; it can be used only with photovoltaic modules that do not require one of the terminals to be grounded.


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The DC and AC operating currents MUST NOT exceed the limits documented in the technical specifications. The inverter is certified for use only with photovoltaic arrays connected to its input channel(s). Do not connect batteries or other types of power sources. The inverter can be connected to the utility grid in qualified countries only. The inverter can only be used if all the technical requirements in this manual are observed and applied. 1.2.2.2 Environmental Conditions Adverse environmental conditions can lead to a reduction in performance. The equipment should be installed outdoors, but only in environmental conditions indicated in this manual. Care must be taken to provide adequate ventilation if installed indoors. 1.2.2.3 Improper or Prohibited Use The following actions are dangerous and strictly forbidden under the terms of the warranty:

Installing the equipment in environments with flammable conditions. Using the equipment with safety devices not working or disabled. Using the equipment or parts of the equipment by connecting it to other machines or equipment, unless otherwise expressed. Modifying areas that are operator restricted and/or altering parts of the equipment in order to vary the performance or change its protection. Cleaning with corrosive products that may corrode parts of the equipment or with products that might generate electrostatic charges. Using or installing the equipment or parts of it without having read and correctly interpreted the contents of this manual. Blocking airflow to the cooling fins (e.g., warming or drying rags) on the unit or accessory parts is dangerous and could compromise the inverter operation due to overheating.


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1.2.3 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

WARNING These servicing instructions are for use by qualified personnel only. To reduce the risk of electric shock, do not perform any servicing other than that specified in the operating instructions. DANGER - Be sure all flammable materials including construction items are away from the unit. Do not install the inverter in or near potentially explosive areas.

CAUTION The AURORA TRIO is not provided with an isolation transformer and is intended to be installed per NFPA 70, 690.35 with an ungrounded PV array. These models have no grounded input conductors. Install the AURORA Inverter in accordance with the electrical standards prescribed by the applicable National Electric Code (NEC), Canadian Electric Code (CEC), and/or by other local codes and regulations. 1.2.3.1 General Information The equipment has been manufactured in accordance with the strictest accident-prevention regulations and supplied with safety devices suitable for the protection of components and operators. Inform Power-One about non-standard installation conditions. Maintenance operations must be carried out according to the Maintenance section in Part 6 of this manual. It is essential to provide operators with correct information. They must read and comply with the technical information given in the manual and any other attached documentation. The instructions given in the manual do not replace the safety devices and technical data for installation and operation mounted on the product. They do not replace the safety regulations enforced in the country of installation and common sense rules.


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Do not use the equipment if any operating anomalies are found. All repairs should be carried out using only qualified spare parts, which must be installed in accordance with their intended use and by a licensed contractor or authorized Power-One Service representative. Liabilities arising from commercial components are delegated to their respective manufacturers. 1.2.3.2 Thermal Hazard

WARNING - Depending upon ambient temperatures during operation and immediately following shut down, surface temperatures on the cooling fins (heat sink) and some areas of the chassis may be extremely hot to the touch. Prior to touching any part of the inverter use care to ensure surfaces and equipment are at touch-safe temperatures and voltages before proceeding. The customer and/or installer must appropriately instruct all personnel who may come near the equipment, and highlight, if necessary with notices or other means, the hazardous areas or operations: magnetic fields, hazardous voltages, high temperatures, possibility of discharges, generic hazard, etc. Anytime the inverter has been disconnected from the AC utility grid, use extreme caution as some components can retain charge sufficient to create a shock hazard and may need time to dissipate the charge. To minimize occurrence of such conditions, comply with all corresponding safety symbols and markings present on the unit and in this manual.


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1.2.3.3 Clothing and Protective Devices Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be worn at all times when servicing this equipment under any conditions which may subject personnel to hazardous voltages or temperatures that are not touch-safe. All operations on the equipment should be performed with properly electrically insulated instruments. 1.2.3.4 Location of Safety Notices and Labels Please note the location of safety notices on the AURORA Inverter for notification and protection. Labels must not be hidden with external objects or parts such as rags, boxes, or other such equipment. They should be cleaned periodically and always maintained in view. 1.2.4 CONDITIONS OF WARRANTY Warranty conditions are described in a certificate supplied with the equipment. The warranty is understood to be valid if the user observes what is described in this manual. Any conditions deviating from those described must be explicitly agreed upon in writing. After inspecting the TRIO Inverter, fill out the warranty information and submit it to Power-One. Submitting this information will register the unit with the manufacturer and the owner will receive technical updates. Warranty exclusions can be found on the Power-One Renewable Energy website in the download section of the AURORA TRIO product page.


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PART 2 UNPACK AND SELECT INSTALLATION LOCATION

of 152 TRIO-20.0/27.6-TL US Part 2 Unpack and Select Installation Location

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2.1 GENERAL CONDITIONS Some specifications are not applicable to small equipment or components. 2.1.1 TRANSPORTATION AND HANDLING Transportation of the equipment, especially by road, must be carried out by suitable ways and means for protecting the components (in particular, the electronic components) from violent shocks, humidity, vibration, etc. During handling, do not make any sudden or fast movements that can create dangerous swinging.

CAUTION

During transportation the crated TRIO inverters should only be stacked three high.

For storage purposes, units in their original unopened packaging can be stacked five high on a flat dry surface capable of withstanding the weight. DO NOT stack with equipment or products other than those indicated. 2.1.2 LIFTING Power-One packages and protects individual components using suitable means to make their transport and subsequent handling easier. Due to the weight and complexity of this equipment, Power-One recommends the process of loading and unloading of this equipment be done by an experienced or specialized staff knowledgeable in material handling. Where indicated or where there is a provision, eyebolts or handles can be inserted and used as lifting points. Do not lift several units or parts of the equipment at the same time, unless otherwise indicated.


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2.1.3 UNPACKING AND CHECKING Discard packaging elements immediately to avoid injury. When opening the package, check that the equipment is undamaged and confirm all components are present. If any defects or damage is found, stop unpacking and consult the carrier, and also promptly inform Power-One. 2.1.4 INCOMING INSPECTION It is the customers responsibility to examine the condition of the unit. Upon receipt of the Power-One AURORA grid-tied inverter, please check the following: Inspect the shipping container for any external damage. Inventory the contents against Table 2-1 below and verify receipt of all items. Use care not to discard any equipment, parts, or manuals. Call the delivering carrier if damage or shortage is detected. If inspection reveals damage to the inverter, contact the supplier or authorized distributor for a repair/return determination and instructions regarding the process.


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Table 2-1: Components shipped with equipment

COMPONENTS FOR ALL MODELS QTY

Mounting bracket (1), wall anchor, screw, washer (10 each) 1 kit

8 pin connector 4 3 pin connector 2

Torx wrench; 90; T20; 64x23mm 1 COMPONENTS FOR -S MODELS ONLY QTY

Jumpers for configuration of parallel input channels 2 COMPONENTS FOR S1, -S1A, -S1B MODELS ONLY QTY

Jumper cables for configuration of parallel input channels 1 Red 1 Black OPTIONAL COMPONENTS AVAILABLE FROM POWER-ONE QTY

Optional lifting kit includes handles and eyebolts for lifting the inverter 1 kit


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2.1.5 HANDLING THE AURORA TRIO The AURORA TRIO Inverter and wiring box are shipped as separate components within a common container. They are designed to be installed individually allowing an easier installation process. When mounting the TRIO, first secure the mounting bracket to the desired location and then install the wiring box followed by the inverter unit. Power-One recommends the installer make all necessary wiring and conduit connections to the wiring box before mounting and securing the inverter unit. INVERTER UNIT Weight: TRIO-20.0: 132 lbs/60 kg TRIO-27.6: 143 lbs/65 kg The inverter unit weighs 143 pounds or less, depending on the version, and should always be lifted by two persons. An optional lifting kit, with handles and eyebolts for lifting the inverter, is available from Power-One and can be used to assist in hanging the inverter on the mounting bracket. OPTIONAL LIFTING KIT M 12 mounting kit with handles and eyebolts

COMBINER BOX UNIT Weight: -S version: 19 lbs/9 kg -S1, -S1A, -S1B: 25 lbs/11 kg


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2.2 SELECT THE INSTALLATION LOCATION 2.2.1 GENERAL INSTALLATION CONDITIONS

CAUTION

The TRIO inverter must be installed by qualified installers and/or licensed electricians according to the applicable local code regulations (National Electric Code, Canadian Electric code, and other).

Once physically mounted, the wiring must be carried out with the equipment disconnected from the grid (power disconnect switch open) and the photovoltaic panels shaded or isolated. 2.2.1.1 Environmental Check

See Technical Data in Appendix, Part 7 to check the environmental parameters to be observed (degree of protection, temperature, humidity, altitude, etc.). To avoid unwanted power reduction due to an increase in the internal temperature of the inverter do not install where the inverter could be exposed to direct sunlight. Do not install in small closed spaces where air cannot circulate freely. Due to acoustical noise (about 50dBA at 1 m) from the inverter, do not install in rooms where people live or where the prolonged presence of people or animals is expected.


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To avoid overheating, always make sure the flow of air around the inverter is not blocked. Do not install in places where gases or flammable substances may be present.

Figure 2-1: TRIO dimensions


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2.2.2 INSTALLATION POSITION

Figure 2-2: Outdoor installation examples

NO - direct sunlight

NO - heavy snow accumulation

NO - air flow restricted

YES YES

YES


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Figure 2-3: Wall positioning When choosing the installation location and position, comply with the following conditions: Install on a wall or strong structure capable of bearing the weight. Install vertically with a maximum incline of +/- 5. If the mounted inverter is tilted to an angle greater than the maximum noted, heat dissipation can be inhibited, and may result in less than expected output power. Install in safe place where all switch handles and controls remain easy to reach and meet height requirements of the applicable electrical code. Install at eye level so the display and status LEDs can be easily seen. Ensure sufficient working area in front of the inverter to allow removal of the wiring box cover and easy access for servicing the inverter.


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When planning the installation, maintain clearance distances shown to allow normal control functions and easy maintenance operations.

Figure 2-4: Minimum clearances For multiple-inverter installations, position the inverters side-by-side, maintaining minimum clearance distances.

Figure 2-5: Side-by side arrangement

6in 6in 6in


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If the space available does not allow the side-by-side arrangement, multiple inverters can be placed in the staggered arrangement shown; this minimizes heat dissipation from lower inverters affecting operation of other inverters. Minimum clearances illustrated include width of inverter plus additional allowances for inverters arranged above or below.

Figure 2-6: Staggered installation arrangements

illustrating additive clearance measurements

38 in 38 in

38 in


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PART 3 MOUNTING AND WIRING

of 152 TRIO-20.0/27.6-TL US Part 3 Mounting and Wiring

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3.1 AVAILABLE VERSIONS The inverters can be divided into two groups according to their rated output power of 20.0 kW or 27.6 kW. For inverters of equal output power, the differences between models are the configurations of the wiring box. A description of the four wiring box versions can be found in Table 3-1. 20.0 kW MODELS TRIO-20.0-TL-OUTD-S-US-480 TRIO-20.0-TL-OUTD-S1-US-480 TRIO-20.0-TL-OUTD-S1A-US-480 TRIO-20.0-TL-OUTD-S1B-US-480

Dimensions (HxWxD): 41.7 x 27.6 x 11.5 in 1061 x 702 x 292 mm Weight: 157 lbs./71kg

27.6 kW MODELS TRIO-27.6-TL-OUTD-S-US-480 TRIO-27.6-TL-OUTD-S1-US-480 TRIO-27.6-TL-OUTD-S1A-US-480 TRIO-27.6-TL-OUTD-S1B-US-480

Dimensions (HxWxD): 41.7 x 27.6 x 11.5 in 1061 x 702 x 292 mm Weight: 168 lbs/76kg


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Table 3-1: Wiring box configurations available

TRIO-20/27.6-TL-OUTD-S-US-480 DC Disconnect Switch TRIO-20/27.6-TL-OUTD-S1-US-480

DC Disconnect Switch DC Input Fuses Class II DC Surge Protection TRIO-20/27.6-TL-OUTD-S1A-US-480

DC Disconnect Switch DC Input Fuses Class II DC Surge Protection Class II AC Surge Protection TRIO-20/27.6-TL-OUTD-S1B-US-480

DC Disconnect Switch DC Input Fuses Class II DC Surge Protection AC Fused Disconnect Switch 3.1.1 NAMEPLATE The nameplate shown below is affixed to the inverter and provides the following information: 1. Product origin 2. Model name 3. DC input data 4. AC output data 5. Certification


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Figure 3-1: Sample nameplate for TRIO-20.0-TL-OUTD-S1-US-480

Technical data in this manual does not supersede the data on the labels affixed to the equipment.

2 3

4

5 1 Made in Italy


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3.2 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF TRIO

Figure 3-2: Graphical representation of TRIO parts with references

Ref. Description 01 Mounting bracket 02 Wiring box 03 Inverter 04 Coupling connector cover 05 Clamp screw 06 Handles (optional, see below for information) 07 Connector screws 08 Wiring box front cover


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Included in the shipping package is a mounting kit with stainless steel screws and wall anchors for mounting the powder coated, stainless steel bracket (Figure 3-3) to a concrete wall.

Figure 3-3: Mounting bracket dimensions


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3.3 WALL MOUNTING Using a level, position the mounting bracket 01 (Figure 3-3) on the wall and use it as a drilling template. Drill the holes required using a drill with 10mm bit. Attach the bracket to the wall with the ten wall anchors, 10mm in diameter, (supplied in mounting kit). Hook the wiring box 02 on the bracket by inserting the heads of the rear screws in the slots in the bracket. Secure the bottom of the wiring box to the wall bracket passing the machine screw through the bottom tab and into the bottom hole of the mounting bracket. It is not necessary to install the inverter unit 03 at this stage. Power-One recommends completion of the wiring box connections before attaching and mounting the inverter unit. Ensure that the DC disconnect switch handle is in the OFF position (see 3.4.2.1). Remove the front cover 08 of the wiring box 02 and follow the wiring details in section 3.4 to complete the necessary connections. After wiring box connections are completed, loosen the connector screws 07 to remove the cover 04 that protects the coupling connector between the wiring box and the inverter unit. (These screws will then be used to attach the wiring box to the inverter unit.) Store the cover 04 in the special pocket provided at the rear of the wiring box.


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Figure 3-4: Wall mounting example


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When working with the Wiring Box (02) detached from the inverter, ensure that the Connector Cover (04) is installed to protect the Coupling Connector, especially when detached outdoors. Prior to installing the inverter unit ensure the front cover 08 is removed from the wiring box. Locate the four bolts protruding from the rear of the inverter chassis; these are used as mounting studs and are inserted into the four associated slots on the mounting bracket as shown in the drawing. Using the optional handles shown (see below) lift the inverter using two people, and orient it to the bracket so the four studs are just above their associated slots. Once aligned, lower the inverter unit into position ensuring all four studs are seated in their respective bracket slots. For easier lifting and handling, an optional lifting kit is available from Power-One containing handles and eyebolts that can be attached to holes in the side of the inverter unit.

Clamp screw 05 is accessed externally at the bottom of the wiring box, and used to physically secure the wiring box to the inverter chassis. (The two screws 07 located inside the switch box are used to fully lock and seal the inverter/wiring box electrical connector.)

05


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Using a 20mm socket, tighten the clamp screw 05 until the mating connectors of the wiring box and inverter chassis seat fully. Do not completely tighten at this time.

Once the wiring box and inverter are connected via screw 05, use a 13mm socket wrench to tighten the two connector screws 07, located inside the top of the wiring box, to at least 13.3-14.75 ft-lbs (18-20Nm) torque.

Afterwards, re-adjust screw 05 to a torque of 13.3 in-lbs (18Nm). Replace the front cover of the wiring box 08 with at least 21 in-lbs (2Nm) torque to ensure proper waterproof sealing.

05

07 05


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3.4 WIRING DETAILS 3.4.1 PREPARING TO CONNECT THE GRID-TIED PV INVERTER

WARNING

It is the responsibility of the installer to provide external disconnect switches and Overcurrent Protection Devices (OCPD) as required by National Electric Codes and other prevailing regulations. An automatic overcurrent device (e.g., circuit breaker) must be installed between the TRIO Inverter and the AC utility grid. The AURORA TRIO is designed without an isolation transformer and is intended to be installed per NFPA 70, 690.35 with an ungrounded PV array. NOTE: If installing a PV system using TRIO in North America, verify that the selected PV module is listed for use in 1000Vdc systems in accordance with local electrical codes. 3.4.1.1 AC overcurrent protection To protect the AC connection line of the inverter, Power-One recommends the following characteristics when installing a device for protection against overcurrent:

TRIO-20.0-TL US TRIO-27.6-TL US Type Typical installations use a 3-pole/600V rated bi-directional thermal-magnetic circuit breaker, UL489 or equivalent. Voltage/Current rating 40A/600V 50A/600V


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3.4.1.2 Confirm correct polarity of the strings

CAUTION Verify that the DC voltage in the wiring box has the correct polarity and is within the operational range. Note the ambient temperature and using a voltmeter check the voltage of each string and confirm the following: The string is connected to the inverter with the correct polarity The measured string voltage is consistent with the value expected for the measured ambient temperature. Ensure the voltage level at the coldest expected operating temperature will fall within the input voltage limits accepted by the inverter (see Technical Data in Appendix, Part 7). This can be verified using the Power-One string sizing tool found on the internet at http://stringsizer.power-one.com. 3.4.1.3 Ground Fault Detection and Interruption Scheme As required by UL1741 CRD 2010, the Power-One AURORA TRIO inverter incorporates two separate methods for detecting a ground fault in the ungrounded PV array, described below: Method 1: Pre-Start (Static RISO) Any time conditions are suitable for the inverter to be connected to the grid, prior to connection, internal circuitry measures the insulation resistance (RISO) of the PV array conductors relative to ground. If the result of this static insulation resistance test is less than the pre-programmed threshold value, the connection is aborted and the inverter will show an error on the LCD screen and illuminate the red LED GF indicator on the inverter front panel. This test is conducted prior to any attempt to connect to the grid, i.e., at day break and any other time during the day where the inverter has been disconnected from the grid.


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Method 2: Post Grid Connection (Dynamic Leakage Current) Any time the inverter is connected to the grid, the inverter circuitry continuously checks for ground fault conditions using a differential measurement of the three-phase AC lines searching for any values that would indicate leakage of current to ground. Measurement of the ground leakage current is carried out simultaneously by two independent and redundant processors; if either processor detects an unacceptable value as defined below, the inverter will immediately be disconnected from the grid, display an error on the LCD screen and illuminate the red LED GF indicator on the inverter front panel. The inverter responds differently depending on the level and duration of leakage current detected. If any of the following conditions is detected in measured values of differential current (IDIF) or a rapid change of IDIF over time (IDIF/t), the inverter will automatically disconnect from the grid and the front panel GF indicator will be illuminated:

If IDIF > 300 mA for a period of 300 msec If IDIF/t > 30 mA/sec for a duration of 300 msec If IDIF/t > 60 mA/sec with duration of 150 msec If IDIF/t > 150 mA/sec with duration of 40 msec As a further safety precaution, in compliance with UL1741 CRD 2010, the inverter conducts an isolation monitor interrupter self-test before connecting to the grid or every 24 hours, whichever is sooner. This test validates that the circuitry needed to perform the isolation test operates normally and has not been damaged. All errors generated when a ground fault is detected are permitted to occur 4 times within a 24 hour period and any ground fault error requires a manual reset of the inverter by a trained technician. This is intended to ensure that equipment with a ground fault is not connected to the grid.


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3.4.2 WIRING BOX COMPONENTS There are four models of the wiring box available for either the 20 kW or 27.6 kW versions. The major differences between the four wiring box layouts are shown below. (See Table 3-2 for a complete list of reference descriptions.) TRIO-XX.X-TL-OUTD-S-US-480: DC wiring terminal block 13 DC disconnect switch

14

TRIO-XX.X-TL-OUTD-S1-US-480: DC disconnect switch

14 16 DC input fuses (8 per MPPT) 22 Class II DC surge protection 15


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TRIO-XX.X-TL-OUTD-S1A-US-480: DC disconnect switch

14 16 DC input fuses (8 per MPPT) 22 Class II DC surge protection 15 Class II AC surge protection 19 TRIO-XX.X-TL-OUTD-S1B-US-480: DC disconnect switch

14 16 DC input fuses (8 per MPPT) 22 Class II DC surge protection 15 Fused AC Disconnect Switch 20


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Table 3-2: Complete list of graphical reference numbers Ref. Description 01 Mounting bracket 02 Wiring box 03 Inverter 04 Coupling connector cover 05 Clamp screw 06 Optional lifting handles 07 Connector screws 08 Wiring box front cover 09 Communication card 10 Service openings 11 DC openings 12 Jumpers (-S version) 13 DC terminal block (-S version) 14 DC disconnect switch handle 15 Class II DC surge protection (-S1, -S1A, -S1B versions) 16 AC cable openings 17 AC terminal block 18 AC board (-S, -S1 and S1B versions only) *S1B version located between fused disconnect switch and enclosure 19 Class II AC surge protection (-S1A version) 20 Fused AC disconnect switch (-S1B version) 21 Anti-condensation valve (eliminates condensation buildup) 22 DC fuse holders (-S1, -S1A, -S1B versions) 23 Display 24 Keypad 25 LED panel 26 Heatsink 27 Equipment ground conductor busbar 28 AC ground


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3.4.2.1 Conduit Entries and DC Disconnect Switch Handle Conduit entries for all versions are located on the bottom of the wiring box along with the DC disconnect switch handle 14. A silkscreen printed label on the wiring box front cover 08 illustrates the ON/OFF positioning of the disconnect switch handle. In the OFF position (open and locked), the DC disconnect switch handle will be turned counter-clockwise in a position parallel to the inverter mounting surface as illustrated in Figure 3-5. In the ON position, the DC disconnect switch handle must be pushed in and turned clockwise to a position perpendicular to the inverter mounting surface. A locking tab prevents the wiring box cover from being removed when the switch is in the ON position. The cover is only removable with the DC disconnect switch handle set to the OFF position. Conduit entries and the DC disconnect switch handle (shown in OFF position) are illustrated below. Make sure the appropriate conduit hub is used in order to maintain required spacing between wiring groups and ensure the integrity of the NEMA 4X environmental rating.

Figure 3-5: Conduit entries and DC switch bottom view


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Ref. Description 10 Service cable opening with plastic threaded plug, Trade size 1/2 11 DC cable openings with plastic threaded plug *, Trade size 1, 1 14 DC disconnect switch 16 AC cable opening with plastic threaded plug, Trade size 1 21 Anti-condensation valve * If a 2 conduit is needed for DC cable, the DC cable entries can be punched to accommodate these using a knockout hole punch.

CAUTION

The DC switch (14) disconnects the photovoltaic panel current from the inverter when the switch is in OFF position. It DOES NOT disconnect the AC from the grid. 3.4.3 INDEPENDENT OR PARALLEL CONFIGURATION OF DUAL INPUTS The AURORA TRIO Inverters have dual inputs with independent maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control. When operated in the dual input mode, the inverter can optimize two independent arrays. Each of the inputs is dedicated to a separate array with independent maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control. This means that the two arrays can be installed with different positions and orientation. Each array is controlled by an independent MPPT control circuit. The two trackers can also be configured in parallel to handle power and/or current levels higher than those a single tracker can handle.


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3.4.3.1 Double MPPT configuration Independent mode The double MPPT structure allows the management of two photovoltaic arrays that are independent of each other (one for each input channel). The arrays can differ from each other in installation conditions, type and number of photovoltaic modules connected in series.

3.4.3.2 Single MPPT configuration Parallel mode Strings of photovoltaic modules having the same type and number of panels in series can be connected to each single channel; they must also have the same installation conditions (in terms of orientation to the SOUTH and inclination from the horizontal plane).


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Refer to Table 7-9 in the Appendix for guidelines regarding the choice of Parallel or Independent configurations. The TRIO Inverter is set in independent mode by default. The following sections describe how to connect the inverter in parallel mode. In order to operate in parallel mode from a single array, it is necessary to connect the inputs in parallel using jumpers or jumper cables (both provided with this inverter). The a01 switch located on the communication card 09 must also be set to parallel mode as described below. 3.4.3.3 Switch a01 on Communication Card The switch a01 located on the communication card 09 is used to select the input configuration. The TRIO is shipped in the default configuration of IND (independent) mode with the a01 switch in the right most position. Move the switch to the left to select PAR (parallel) mode.


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3.4.3.4 -S VERSION ONLY Parallel Configuration The switch a01 situated on the communication card 09 must be set to PAR. The DC terminal blocks 13 must be connected by means of a solid copper jumper 12, (provided with this inverter), to parallel the MPPTs. Install the jumpers between the two channels (positive and negative) and tighten in place with at least 22 in-lbs (6Nm) torque to ensure a low resistance connection.

Figure 3-6: Jumpers installed for parallel connection, S version

POS NEG

Connect these two terminal blocks with a jumper to

parallel the NEGATIVE MPPTs.

Connect these two terminal blocks with a jumper to

parallel the POSITIVE MPPTs.


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3.4.3.5 -S1, -S1A, -S1B VERSIONS ONLY Parallel Configuration The switch a01 situated on the communication card 09 must be set to PAR. Included in the TRIO packaging are two jumper cables, one red and one black. The red wire connects the positive terminals of MPPT 1 and 2 and the black wire connects the negative terminals of MPPT 1 and 2.

A removable transparent cover prevents access to live parts on the upper DC side of the wiring box. In order to connect the wires, remove the four screws in place and remove the cover. Plug the jumper wires into the feeder terminals in the positions shown below. Tighten the screw on top of each feeder terminal to 53 in-lbs (6 Nm) torque and pull on the wire to confirm it is secure. Replace the removable cover when complete.

Figure 3-7: Jumpers installed for parallel connection, -S1, -S1A, -S1B versions


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3.4.4 CONNECTION TO THE PV FIELD (DC SIDE) The electrical installation of the TRIO inverter must be performed in accordance with the electrical standards prescribed by the local regulations and by the National Electric Code. For suitable wire size (AWG), refer to the Canadian Electrical Code, CEC Table 2 and Table 4 for Canada, or NFPA National Electrical Code, Table 310.15(B)(16) (formerly Table 310.16) for US. Use only Copper (Cu) wire rated for 75C or 90C (167F or 194F), solid or with type B or type C stranding (19 strands maximum). For conductors with finer stranding, a suitable UL listed wire ferrule must be used. The connections can be made with the wiring box 02 detached from the inverter 03 (which will be mounted and connected later for commissioning). When working with the wiring box 02 detached, pay particular attention in outdoor installations, that the coupling connector must always be protected by installing the coupling connector cover 04 on its housing.

DANGER

The DC disconnect switch (14) disconnects ONLY the DC current from the photovoltaic panels when the switch is open in the OFF position. It DOES NOT disconnect the AC connection to the grid. To disconnect the inverter from the AC grid, an external, customer supplied AC switch must be used.

The S1B version includes an integrated AC disconnect switch in the wiring box; however, because this switch is behind the front cover it may not be accepted by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) in lieu of an external disconnect. It is made available as an additional disconnect for cases where the AHJ may require disconnects at both ends of the inverter AC line. Before purchasing this option code, consider discussing its intended usage with the AHJ in question.

To prevent electrocution hazards, all the connection operations must be carried out with the DC disconnect switch (14) turned to the OFF position and locked out.


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3.4.4.1 Connection of DC inputs on the -S model For the -S model, DC input connections are made after connecting an appropriate raceway to the chassis, pulling the conductors through the raceway and DC cable openings 11, and connecting them to the DC Terminal Block 13. The acceptable conductor cross-section ranges from #12 AWG to #4AWG, copper conductors only. Tighten with at least 22 in-lbs (6Nm) torque. Connect any Equipment Grounding conductors in the raceway to the EGC busbar 27. Remove the threaded plastic plug and nut from the DC cable opening 11 and insert the appropriate conduit hub (see section 3.4.2.1). Tighten to the chassis to ensure NEMA 4X compliance. Make appropriate conduit runs from array and pull the array conductors through the raceway to the inverter. Connect the conductors to the correct terminals on the DC terminal block 13.

Figure 3-8: TRIO version S wiring box


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3.4.4.2 Connection of DC inputs -S1, S1A, and -S1B models For these models, DC input connections are made to individual DC fuse holders 22 after connecting an appropriate raceway to the chassis and passing the conductors through the DC cable knockouts 11. The acceptable wire size range is from #18 AWG to #6 AWG, copper conductors only; refer to local code for appropriate wire size. Fuse holders have screw terminals and the torque depends on wire size (see Appendix, section 7.1.1). For wire sizes #10AWG and larger, tighten to 30 in-lbs (3.4 Nm) torque. Remove the threaded plastic plug and nut from the DC cable opening 11 and insert the appropriate conduit hub (section 3.4.2.1). Tighten to the chassis to ensure NEMA 4X compliance. Make appropriate conduit runs from array and pull the array conductors through the raceway to the inverter. Connect conductors to the correct input channel (if using the parallel configuration, either input channel is acceptable; refer to Section 3.4.3 for configuration of dual inputs.). Connect any Equipment Grounding conductors in the raceway to the EGC terminal block 27.

Figure 3-9: TRIO version -S1 wiring box


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Figure 3-10: TRIO version -S1A wiring box

Figure 3-11: TRIO version -S1B wiring box


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3.4.5 STRING PROTECTION S1, -S1A, AND S1B MODELS

The -S1, S1A and S1B versions of the TRIO wiring box are provisioned with 30A rated UL Listed/CSA certified fuse holders, provisioned with 15A, 1000V DC rated fuses. To determine the correct fuse value to use with a specific PV array, refer to the PV panel documentation and the National Electrical Code 690.8 and 690.9 or your local electrical code. 3.4.6 GRID OUTPUT CONNECTION (AC SIDE)

Wiring methods used should be in accordance with the National Electric Code, ANSI/NFPA 70 and/or any prevailing local codes and regulations. For suitable wire size (AWG), refer to the Canadian Electrical Code, CEC Table 2 and Table 4 for Canada, or NFPA National Electrical Code, Table 310.15(B)(16) (formerly Table 310.16) for US. Use only Copper (Cu) wire rated for 75C or 90C (167F or 194F), solid or with type B or type C stranding (19 strands maximum). For conductors with finer stranding, a suitable UL listed wire ferrule must be used. Wire must be sized based on ampacity requirements of the NEC or other applicable prevailing code, but no smaller than #8Cu. When connecting the inverter to the grid, either a wye connection (three phase lines and a neutral line) or a delta connection (three phase lines) can be used.

In either connection type, the ground wire connection is mandatory.


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For wye connections, five conductors must be connected to the grid: three phase wires, a neutral wire and an EGC (Figure 3-13). For a delta connection, four conductors must be connected to the grid: three phase wires, and an EGC (Figure 3-14). The wiring must be connected to the inverter chassis through an appropriate raceway and enter through a suitable box connector at the AC cable knockout 16 where connections are then made at the AC terminal block 17 (section 3.4.6.3).

Figure 3-12: AC terminal block location 3.4.6.1 Characteristics and Sizing of the Line Cable The AC line conductors must be sized properly to meet applicable code requirements and to minimize effects of line voltage drops that can:

Affect the overall system efficiency, as this harvested power is lost directly to heat. Cause nuisance tripping (disconnection) of the inverter.


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Wiring impedance that is too high can cause an increase in the AC voltage seen at the inverter terminals, and in compliance with UL1741 and IEEE1547, could cause the inverter to disconnect from the grid under otherwise normal grid operating conditions. IEEE1547 default settings mandate the inverter operate normally if its terminal voltage is in the range of [+10%/-12%] of the VNOM setting of the inverter. To limit these issues the system designer must consider the worst case grid voltage conditions and length of wiring runs between the inverter to the point of common connection, and size wiring appropriately. For North American, based on ANSI B values, the worst case voltage range is +/-6% of VNOM and line voltage drop in this case should be limited to less than 3% of VNOM. If range is expected to be greater, then voltage drop must be decreased accordingly 3.4.6.2 Wire Installation The TRIO Inverter has pressure type terminal blocks for connection of the AC conductors. To connect wiring to these blocks use the following procedure: Strip of insulation from the end of the conductor to be terminated. Use a small (~1/4wide) flat blade screwdriver to open the pressure contact: Insert the screwdriver in the rectangular tool slot. Lightly press the screwdriver toward the wire slot until the clamp opens; hold the clamp open with the screwdriver. Insert the conductor into the socket until seated. Release the pressure on the screwdriver and remove it from the slot. Check the integrity of the connection by tugging on the wire.


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3.4.6.3 Connection to the AC Terminal Block

To prevent electrocution hazards, all the connection operations must be carried out with the external AC disconnect switch downstream of the inverter (grid side) open and locked out.

Before connecting the inverter to the grid, the grid standard for the country of installation must be properly set. Refer to Section 3.5 for instructions on how to configure this setting. For all models, connection to the AC terminal block 17 is made by pulling conductors through a raceway connected to the AC cable knockout 16. Remove the threaded plastic plug from the AC cable knockout 16 and replace with a conduit hub (section 3.4.2.1) sized to fit the required wiring and raceway. Pull the circuit conductors through the conduit opening and connect the necessary conductors. Terminal blocks are rated for operation to 90C and accept wire size in the range of AWG #8-4 solid or with type B or type C standing (19 strands maximum). For conductors with finer stranding, a suitable UL listed wire ferrule must be used.


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For a Wye grid (Figure 3-13), connect Neutral, L1, L2, L3, and EGC conductors. For Delta grid (Figure 3-14), connect L1, L2, L3, and the EGC conductors to the corresponding terminals on the AC Terminal Block 17. Additionally, when using a delta connection the unused N terminal must be re-purposed as an AC ground reference for the inverter controller. This is done using the following procedure: On the AC Terminal Block 17 Connect a short jumper of #10AWG ground wire (green or green/yellow) between the N terminal and the G terminal; Remove the N marking from the Neutral terminal by removing the plastic label.

Figure 3-13: Wye grid connection

From Inverter

To 3W--Grid

N L1 L2 L3

17

Remove N label

AC Wiring 3W- Grid

-Grid GND

reference jumper

28

Figure 3-14: Delta grid connection

Confirm that the L1, L2, and L3 line connections have not been swapped with the Neutral connection.


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3.4.7 COMMUNICATION CARD

A removable plastic cover prevents access to the section of the wiring box where the communication card resides. In order to access this area, remove the four screws in place and remove the cover.

Figure 3-15: Communication card


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Table 3-3: Communication card description with graphical references

Ref. Description a01 Switch for setting parallel-connected or independent input channels a02 Rotary switches for setting the country and the language of the display a03 Switch for setting analog sensor 1 to Volts or mA * a04 Switch for setting analog sensor 2 to Volts or mA * a05 Connection to the multi-function relay a06 Connection of environmental sensors: AN1, AN2, PT100, PT1000 * a07 Connection for the RS-485 PC line (SERVICE), RS-485 PMU line (MODBUS), auxiliary 5V and remote ON/OFF a08 Switch for setting the termination resistance of the RS-485 PMU line (MODBUS) a09 Switch for setting the termination resistance of the RS-485 PC line (SERVICE) a10 RS-485 PC communication card housing (SERVICE) a11 RS-485 PMU communication card housing (MODBUS) a12 Switch not activated; for factory use only a13 Inverter data memory card housing a14 CR2032 battery housing * * See Appendix, section 7.4 for more information


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3.4.7.1 Connections to the communication card Each of the two RS-485 cables must be connected to the communication card 09. Remove the threaded plastic plugs from the service cable opening 10 and replace with the appropriate conduit connector as noted below. Whether these cables need to be protected by conduit depends on the applicable wiring code.

If no conduit is used, the cables should be brought into the wiring box via a 1/2" box connector with rubber cable glands to maintain NEMA 4X rating. If conduit is used, run the appropriate raceway and terminate it to the wiring box chassis using a conduit connector that matches the raceway. The conduit must be terminated at one of the two openings 10. The sensor cables are connected on the communication card 09 using the mating connectors supplied in the hardware bag shipped with the inverter.


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3.4.7.2 Serial communication (RS-485) There are two RS-485 communication lines on the inverter: SERVICE/PC - dedicated line using Aurora Protocol for the connection of Power-One monitoring and service equipment. MODBUS/PMU - dedicated line for MODBUS RTU communications. Connect to the communication ports using terminal block a07 (+T/R, -T/R and GND, Figure 3-20: Communication card terminal block a07). Use a cable designed for use with RS-485 communications such as Belden 3106A, which is a data cable wire with one twisted pair, one ground conductor, and a shield with drain wire (equivalent).

Signal Symbol Pair Cable Positive data +T/R A 1

Negative data -T/R A 2

Reference RTN B 1+2

Figure 3-16: Data cable for use with RS-485 communications

Continuity of the shield in the RS-485 cable is important for low noise on the line; this is particularly so for large plants with multiple inverters. For best results the shield must be tied to ground at only one point on the line, typically at one end or the other.

The shield wiring must be continuous as it passes from one inverter to the next on a daisy chain, but must not be tied to ground at these junctions. The SH terminal is provided as a floating tie point for this purpose. It allows shields (drain wires) from incoming and out-going daisy chain cables to be secured together but not grounded.


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3.4.7.3 Daisy Chain units for connection to a monitoring system The RS-485 terminal block connectors can be used to connect a single AURORA Inverter or implement a multi-unit wiring configuration called daisy chain (Figure 3-17). Using the appropriate cable, connect all the units RS-485 lines in series according to the daisy chain cabling method ENTER-EXIT. On the last inverter in a daisy chain, or on a single inverter, activate the termination resistance of the communication line by moving switch a08 or a09 to ON position, being careful to set the termination resistance switch of the serial line used (SERVICE/PC or MODBUS/PMU).

Figure 3-17: Daisy chain connection using communication card switch a08 and a09 The address on the inverter is set through the user interface on the display panel (see section 4.5 in Part 4: Operations). Set a different Modbus device ID (or RS-485 address) for each inverter of the chain.


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No more than 63 inverters can be connected to a single RS-485 link. The number may be less depending on the data logger used. Do NOT to exceed a length of 3,300 ft/1000m for the RS-485 communication line. 3.4.7.4 Monitoring system via serial (RS-485) An RS-485 line can be connected for local monitoring from service/pc port with a PVI-USB-RS-485_232 adapter and Aurora Communicator software.

Equivalent RS-485 or RS-232 adapters found on the market can also be used for the same purpose, however, they have not been specifically tested and Power-One cannot guarantee correct operation of the connection. These devices may also require external termination impedance, whereas this is not necessary with the Aurora PVI-USB-RS-485_232.

Figure 3-18: RS-485 line connected for local monitoring


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3.4.7.5 Configurable relay The inverter has a multi-function relay a05, whose switching can be configured, for example, to activate a visual and/or audible alarm. The relay can be wired by the user as either normally open contact N/O or normally closed contact N/C. The devices to be connected to the relay can be of different types (light, sound, etc.) but must comply with the following requirements: Alternating current: Maximum Voltage: 240 Vac, OV Category II Maximum Current: 1 A Direct current: Maximum Voltage: 30 Vdc Maximum Current: 0.8 A Cable requirements: Conductor size: from #24 - #16AWG

Figure 3-19: Communication card terminal block a05

N/C = Normally closed C = Common contact N/O = Normally open


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This contact can be used in four different operating modes which are set via the programming menu of the inverter display (see section 4.5.3 in Part 4: Operations). The four operating modes and switch configurations are described below. Operating modes: Production - the relay switches whenever a connection to the grid occurs. If the N/O (or N/C) contact is chosen, the contact will stay open (or closed) until the inverter is connected to the grid. Once the inverter connects to the grid and starts to export power, the relay switches state and closes (or opens). When the inverter disconnects from the grid, the relay contact returns to its position of rest, namely open (or closed). Alarm - the relay switches whenever there is an alarm on the inverter (Error). No switching occurs when there is a Warning. If the N/O (or N/C) contact is chosen, the contact will stay open (or closed) until the inverter reports an error; once the inverter reports an error, the relay switches state and closes (or opens). The contact remains switched from its rest condition until normal operation is restored. Alarm (configurable): the relay switches whenever there is an alarm (Error) or a Warning, which has been previously selected by the user through the dedicated menu.


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If the N/O (or N/C) contact is chosen, the contact will stay open (or closed) until the inverter reports an error or a warning out of those selected from the menu. Once the inverter displays an error or a warning out of those selected, the relay switches state and closes (or opens) the contact. The relay remains switched from its rest condition until the alarm or warning has disappeared. Crepuscular (twilight): the relay usually switches when the voltage from the photovoltaic array exceeds/falls below the threshold set for grid connection. If the N/O (or N/C) contact is chosen, the contact will stay open (or closed) until the inverter has an input voltage higher than the one selected for grid connection. The contact remains switched from its rest condition for as long as the inverter is switched on (even if not connected to the grid). This mode is can be used to disconnect large output transformers that could have unnecessary consumption during the night.


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3.4.7.6 Remote on/off The connection and disconnection of the inverter to and from the grid can be controlled externally. The function must be enabled in the menu on the inverter display (see section 4.5.3 in Part 4: Operations). If the remote control function is disabled, the inverter automatically switches on and off in response to appropriate conditions. If the remote control function is enabled from the menu, the switching on of the inverter also depends on the state of the R_ON/OFF terminal compared to the GND terminal present on the connector a07 of the communication card 09. Figure 3-20: Communication card terminal block a07 When the R_ON/OFF signal is brought to the same potential as the GND signal (i.e. by making a short circuit between the two terminals of the connector), the inverter disconnects from the grid. The remote control OFF condition is shown on the display. The connections of this control are made between the R_ON/OFF input and GND. Since this is a digital input, there are no requirements to be observed as regards wire size (it only needs to comply with the sizing requirement for passing cables through the cable openings and the terminal connector).


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3.5 SETTING THE COUNTRY STANDARD AND LANGUAGE There are various grid parameters whose settings are dependent upon the country where the inverter is installed. The language of the display menus will be also be defined by the grid standard chosen. These settings are determined by the position of switch a02 on the communication board.

Before turning the rotary switches, make sure the inverter is switched off!

The TRIO is shipped with the predefined settings for the North American market, positions 0/4. If it is necessary to reduce the maximum output power settings, the inverter can be configured to position 1/A using the two rotary dials a02. (See output settings below.)

Country Settings TRIO-20.0-TL US TRIO-27.6-TL US Default Maximum Output Power (0/4) 22000 30000 Maximum Output Power (1/A) 20000 27600 To change the settings, use a small flat head screwdriver and move the dial of the left-most switch to line up with position 1 on the rotary dial a02, and the second switch (right-most) to line up with position A. (If a switch position not assigned to a grid standard is selected, Invalid Selection will appear on the LCD.)


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3.5.1.1 Saving the country standard and language The settings of switch a04 become permanent after 24 hours of operation of the inverter (it does not need to be connected to the grid, and only needs to be powered). The time remaining before the settings become fixed can be seen in the dedicated menu, and a notice appears if the time has expired. If it is necessary to change the standard of the country after the settings have been fixed (after 24 hours of operation) please contact Power-Ones technical support department with the part number and serial number of the inverter.


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PART 4 OPERATIONS

of 152 TRIO-20.0/27.6-TL US Part 4 Operations

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4.1 GENERAL CONDITIONS

One of the first rules for preventing damage to the equipment and injury to the operator is to have a thorough knowledge of the user interface operations.

Power-One cannot be held responsible for damage to the equipment or the operator if caused by incompetence, insufficient qualifications or lack of training. 4.2 MONITORING AND DATA TRANSMISSION As a rule, the inverter operates automatically and does not require manual intervention. When there is not enough solar radiation to supply power for export to the grid, (e.g. during the night) it disconnects automatically and goes into stand-by mode. The operating cycle is automatically restored when there is sufficient solar radiation. At this point, the lights on the LED panel 25 will indicate this state. 4.2.1 USER INTERFACE The inverter is able to provide information about its operation through the following:

Warning lights (LEDs) LCD for displaying operating data Data transmission via Modbus RTU 4.2.2 TYPES OF DATA AVAILABLE The inverter provides two types of data, which are accessed using the Modbus RTU and/or the display 23.


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Real-time operating data Real-time operating data can be transmitted on request through the communication lines and are not recorded in the inverter. For data transmission to a computer, the free software supplied with the inverter can be used (please check at www.power-one.com for more updated versions). Internally stored data The inverter internally stores a set of data that is necessary for processing statistical data which includes an error log with time stamps. 4.3 DISPLAY AND KEYPAD 4.3.1.1 Description of the Keypad There are three LED indicators on the left side of the keypad 24 and four buttons on the right. A description of the LED status can be found in Table 4-1. The buttons are used to review data on the display 23, and access the data logged internally on the AURORA TRIO, using menus described in section 4.5. (See section 4.3.1.1 for description of symbols and display fields).

Figure 4-1: Display buttons and LEDs

23

24 25 POWER ALARM GFI ESC UP DOWN ENTER


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Table 4-1: Description of LED status

LED Description Green POWER LED Indicates that the inverter is working correctly. This LED flashes while the grid is being checked when the unit is commissioned. If a valid grid voltage is measured, the LED stays on continuously, provided there is sufficient sunlight to activate the unit. If not, the LED continues to flash until there is sufficient sunlight for activation. During this phase, the LCD shows the Waiting for sun message. Yellow ALARM LED Indicates that the inverter has detected an anomaly; the type of problem is shown on the display. Red GFI LED The GFI (ground fault indicator) LED indicates that the inverter has detected a ground fault on the DC side of the photovoltaic array. When this fault is detected, the inverter immediately disconnects from the grid and the relevant error warning appears on the LCD. ESC button Use the ESC button to exit a mode or go back. UP button Use the UP button to read the data on the display by scrolling upwards, or to increase the set value to modify it during data entry. DOWN button Use the DOWN button to read the data on the display by scrolling downwards, or to decrease the set value to modify it during data entry. ENTER button Press ENTER to confirm the operation or to enter the set data item. 4.3.1 LED INDICATORS In their various combinations, the LEDs can indicate conditions that are different from the single one. The following table shows the possible combinations of activation of the LEDs in relation to the operating state of the inverter.


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Warning and Error messages referenced below are described in Part 5, Troubleshooting, Table 5-1.

Table 4-2: LED indicators

Key: LED on

LED flashing

LED off

Any of the above

LED Status Operating State Description

0 1: green: 2: yellow: 3: red:

AURORA self-disconnects during night Input voltage less than 90 Vdc at both inputs 1

1: green: 2: yellow: 3: red: COMMUNICATION ERROR: Loss of communication within the inverter

There is a loss of communication between the inverter circuitry and the display or to the communication and control cards. 2

1: green: 2: yellow: 3: red: STAND-BY: Inverter power-up initialization Transition state during which the inverter is waiting for sufficient sunlight to start. The inverter checks the parameters necessary for connection to the grid, such as input voltage, grid voltage, etc.

3

1: green: 2: yellow: 3: red: STAND-BY WITH WARNING: inverter initialization in presence of a fault or anomaly. Grid is disconnected.

The inverter is waiting for sufficient sunlight to start exporting energy to the grid and checks the parameters necessary for connection to the grid. However it has also detected a condition which could limit its functionality. A warning message (Wxxx code) is on the LCD. 4

1: green: 2: yellow: 3: red: RUN: The inverter is connected to and feeding energy to the grid.

Normal operation. The inverter automatically searches for and tracks the maximum power point (MPPT) from the PV array.


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4.3.1.1 Description of Symbols and Display Fields The operating parameters of the equipment can be viewed on the display 23 and include warnings, alarms, channels, voltages, etc. During operation, the display cycles through the various operating parameters. See Table 4-3 for a description of the display fields referenced below.

Figure 4-2: Numerical reference of display fields

5

1: green: 2: yellow: 3: red: RUN with WARNING: The inverter is connecting and feeding power to the grid in the presence of an anomaly.

The inverter is connected to the grid and an anomaly, which may be internal or external to the inverter, has been detected, turning on the yellow LED. A warning message (Wxxx) is on the LCD. 6

1: green: 2: yellow: 3: red: INVERTER ALARM A malfunction of the inverter prevents export of power to the grid. An error message (Exxx) is displayed on the LCD.

7

1: green: 2: yellow: 3: red: GRID ALARM: There is a problem with the electrical grid. The grid voltage is not within the standards of the country of installation, so the inverter is unable to export energy to the grid. An error message (Exxx) is displayed on the LCD.


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Table 4-3: Display fields and symbols

Num. Symbol Function Description b1 Tx-R Indicates the transmission and reception of data through the RS-485 line. b2 RS-485 Indicates the RS-485/Modbus communication line is active. b3 Warning Indicates the potential power reduction due to the input voltage and/or due to a setting via MODBUS/PMU by the grid operator. b4 Temperature derating Indicates the inverter is power limiting due to high internal temperature. b5 Instantaneous power value Displays the instantaneous power the inverter is feeding into the grid. b6 MPPT scan Indicates the MPPT scan function has been enabled through the menu. b7 Graphic Display Displays the inverter parameters in rotation and displays the error codes (if present). It is used for moving through the menu. b8 Power graph Displays the power of the inverter (from 0 to 100%) over 8/16/24 hours; this parameter can be set. b9 Total Energy Value Displays the total energy produced since installation of the inverter.


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Num. Symbol Function Description b10 Daily energy value Displays the energy produced over a day. b11 Photovoltaic power source Indicates the PV field voltage is higher than the Vstart of the inverter. The number represents the MPPT string or channel (in the case of channels in parallel, 1 is always displayed). b12 DC voltage value Displays the voltage from the input channel of the photovoltaic array. b13

DC current value Displays the current from the input channel of the photovoltaic array. b14 DC/DC circuit Indicates the DC/DC input circuit. b15

DC/AC circuit Indicates the circuit for conversion from DC to AC. b16

AC voltage value Displays the reading of the grid voltage (VAC). The number at the side indicates the phase.


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Num. Symbol Function Description b17

AC current value AC current value is displayed. Displays the reading of the current or frequency that is fed into the grid. The number at the side indicates the phase 1, 2 or 3 of which the AC current value is displayed. b18

Connection to the grid These are displayed in sequence during connection to the grid. The icon depicts a plugged-in plug if connected to the grid, and an unplugged plug if disconnected from the grid. b19

Grid status This icon can indicate three AC voltage states: Icon not present: no grid voltage Flashing icon: grid voltage present but outside the parameters set by the grid standard Icon present: grid voltage present and within the parameters set by the grid standard b20 Cyclic display activated/ deactivated A padlock will be present if the data on the display b10 is locked. If the data is scrolling (cyclic) two arrows will be present.


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4.4 COMMISSIONING Power-One provides optional commissioning services (initial setup and power up). Please contact Power-One Customer Service at 1-877-261-1374.

Do not place objects of any kind on the inverter during operation! Do not touch the heatsink while the inverter is operating! Some parts may be very hot and cause burns. The incoming voltage must not exceed the maximum values shown in the technical data in order to prevent damage to the equipment. Consult the technical data in the Appendix for further details. Before proceeding with commissioning, make sure all the checks and verifications indicated in the section on preliminary checks (section 3.4.1) have been completed. The inverter commissioning procedure is as follows: 1. Put the DC disconnect switch handle 14 in ON position (see section 3.4.2.1 for placement and use of disconnect switch). 2. Once the inverter is powered, icon b11 comes on to indicate that the voltage from the photovoltaic array has reached the Vstart threshold (voltage necessary for connecting the inverter to the grid). For input voltages lower than Vstart, the icon remains off, the Waiting for sun message is shown on the display and the voltage and current values are present (icons b12 and b13).


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3. If there are no irregularities after checking the grid voltage and frequency parameters, the grid connection sequence starts. Once all the checks are finished, if all the grid parameters are complied with, icon b19 comes on. During these checks, icon b19 is flashing. This check can take several minutes (from at least 30 seconds to no more than a few minutes), depending on grid conditions and grid standard settings. 4. At this point, icon b14 flashes to indicate the startup phase. This icon will stay on steady once the boost (DC/DC) is operating in steady state (this icon will normally flash for only a few seconds). At the same time as icon b14 comes on (steady), icon b15 will come on to indicate that the inverter circuit has begun working (DC- AC). 5. Immediately following, the procedure of connection to the grid will start, during which icon b18 will come on and the icons on the line will be displayed in sequence until the inverter is connected. After the inverter is connected, the icons on line b18 will come on steady. If the inverter disconnects from the grid, the icons on the left side (cable and plug separated) of the line b18 will stay on.


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6. Once the connection sequence has been completed, the inverter starts to operate and indicates its correct operation by making a sound and by the green LED coming on steady on the LED panel 25. This means there is sufficient solar radiation to feed power into the grid. 7. If there is not sufficient solar power, the unit will repeat the procedure until all the parameters that allow connection to the grid (grid voltage and frequency, confirmation of no ground fault) are within the range. During this procedure, the green LED flashes. 4.4.1 DISPLAY OPERATION If the MPPT scan function is enabled, icon b6 will be shown on the display. (See the MPPT settings menu, section 4.5.3). This icon will flash during scanning. During operation, the following values are displayed in rotation: Voltage and current (b12 and b13) from the PV field. Depending on the MPPT configuration, the voltages and currents of one or both channels will be displayed. The input channel is indicated by the value entered on icon b11. Voltage and current (b16 and b17) of the various phases. The voltages and currents of one (1) or three phases (1, 2, 3) will be displayed. The phase is shown on the right side of the voltage and current values. At the end of the display, the grid frequency will be indicated in field b17 and the line voltage will be indicated in field b16. At the same time, the primary readings made by the inverter will be displayed in rotation on the graphic display b7.


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If icon b18 on the left side (cable and plug separated) stay on, it means the inverter is disconnected from the grid. If the icons display the plug connected, it means the grid is good for connection. Display of the Power Graph b8 The period of time is represented by the horizontal axis of the graph and can be set by the user to 8, 16 or 24 hours; broken into segments of 30, 60 or 120 minutes. The vertical axis represents the maximum power reduction (30 kW for the TRIO-27.6 and 22 kW for the TRIO-20.0) and corresponds to the outgoing exported power value. The power value expressed by each column of the graph represents the average value of the power during the period relating to the time unit. 4.4.2 BEHAVIOR OF THE LEDS Next to each state of the inverter, (indicated through the steady or intermittent lighting of the relevant LED), a message is shown on the display 23, in area b7. The message identifies the operation in progress or the detected fault/anomaly found.

b7

23

25


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In the event of malfunction, it can be extremely dangerous to try to eliminate the fault. The instructions given below must be carefully followed; if you do not have the experience and necessary qualification to work safely, please contact a specialized technician. 4.4.2.1 Insulation fault LED

What to do after insulation fault warning When the red LED comes on, try to reset the warning through the multi-function button ESC on the LED panel 25. If the inverter reconnects to the grid, the fault was temporary. Power-One advises a system inspection by the installer or a specialized technician if this malfunction occurs frequently. If the inverter does not reconnect to the grid, make the inverter safe by disconnecting it (by means of the disconnect switches) on the both the DC side and the AC side, and then contact the installer or an authorized service center to have the photovoltaic fie

Documents

Trio 20.0 27.6 Tl Us Technical Manual