Review

INTERNATIONALC O L L E G E

TRINITY

Trinity SciTech & Mgmt

Volume 5|Issue I January 2016

E P

OSc

iTec

h-&-

Mgm

tTr

init

y

Get

ting T

hing

s Don

e

Janu

ary

30, 2

016,

(M

agh

16, 2

072)

Kat

hman

du

Exh

ibit

ion

s-cu

m-C

omp

etit

ion

s

A Way OutRight Action

Dillibazar Height, Kathmandu, Nepal, Tel: +977 1 4445955/4445956, Email: info@trinitycollege.edu.np, www.trinitycollege.edu.np

Inside• Earthquake Research in Nepal and Future Prospective 2 • Give Rituals a Chance 4• IT Today 5 • Phobia and its Psychology 6 • SciTech-&-Mgmt Expo 2015 7 • Review 8

Today, Nepal faces a tough time in its history. The new republic is in the grip of a man-madetragedy just after the huge natural disaster, with all its grief and loss, last summer. Our dailydifficulties – lack of fuel, soaring prices, and crippling scarcity – seem overwhelming. At thebackdrop looms an ever-present seismic concern. The Nepalese remain resolute and calm. Still, wedo have to learn, and unlearn, much from Nature and Man’s doings . . .

Troubles do not limit the search for solutions since there is opportunity and hope for everyoneeven in adversity. We require to analyze, to synthesize, and to innovate as we adapt to a fast-changing, often difficult, world. There is a counterbalance of positives in our lives so that we maycontinue to grow and succeed. Young students, in particular, should move a step ahead in theirinvolvement. Through shared platforms and creative engagement, the youth should begin affirmativeaction. Effective beginnings and meaningful interaction foster understanding and generate ideas.This timely action-based event of ours suitably links indigenous technology to much-neededsustainability.

Right action is the need of the hour! Our educational institutions – schools and colleges – mustbecome knowledge mines. Instead of being an idea-starved civilization, our society has a goldenchance in the challenge of coming up with the right ideas. Fresh observation of ground realities,even if harsh or intractable, could yield durable solutions through new insight. The open sharingof these useful ideas converted into action may lead the Nepalese, and the youth, towards asustainable, and possibly bright, future. Taking the right action in the right way is what eventuallymatters.

What needs to be done? Individually, youngsters must acquire positive habits and essential lifeskills. As students, they need to learn as much as they can so as to succeed in their educationaljourney and career pathways. Yet, they would have to select rather carefully what is most relevantto them from the massive information super-highway. As a group, student engagement in communitywelfare and changes in lifestyle choices is necessary. The young citizens can turn to innovation foranswers to many of our persistent problems and immediate wants.

It may be important for youngsters to adopt an interdisciplinary approach as they attempt toaddress such social or environmental issues. Young scholars have to integrate their knowledge ofpure science, social sciences, and management meaningfully. Tackling, in pragmatic terms, realworld or regional issues, like alternative energy, sustainable agriculture, and green technology,which affect our nation as an integral part of modern globalized society, through the utilizationof local resources and respect for the environment would help us to resolve most crises. Most ofall, we ought to act in harmony and rationality through right thoughts, right words, and rightefforts.

Introduction

Nepal is located between two tectonic landmasses. So, earthquakeis natural phenomenon in this region. The Himalayan rangefrom Burma to Afghanistan (2500 Km in length) indeed resultsfrom the cumulative effect of continuous collision between thenorth drifting Indian Plate and the Tibetan plateau, absorbingabout 2 cm per year. The collision is absorbed along a main fault(Main Himalayan Thrust), which is almost horizontal below theTibetan Plateau to the north, and below Nepal hills, emergingat the surface in the Terai (Avouac et al., 2003). Due to thiscollision process, stress accumulates with time at 15 to 20 kmdepth along the topographic front of higher Himalaya, along aramp connecting the two flat sections of MHT, and when thisstress exceeds the critical stress, then the fault segment breaksa n d w a v e s a r epropagated from thesource to our place,then we experience anearthquake. We cannotstop the occurrence ofear thquakes , butinstead we can learn tolive with earthquakesand mitigate theireffects by a betterunderstanding of theirprocesses in space andt i m e . E f f o r t s t ou n d e r s t a n dearthquakes in Nepalthrough scientif icresearch , despi tep i o n e e r i n g wo r krecognized worldwide,have been insufficientso far. This conceptnote aims at establishing in Nepal a dedicated institute to conductapplied and fundamental research related to earthquakes andprovide basic guidelines to better prepare the infrastructuresand the population of Nepal for future earthquakes.

Current situation of earthquake monitoring and research inNepal

The Department of Mines and Geology (DMG) is operating anetwork of 21 Short period one component (vertical) seismicstations, established in the framework of collaboration with

Department Analyze Surveillance Environment (DASE), France,initiated in 1978. This network, unique in South East Asia, isproviding seismic alert to Nepal government and assisting tomobilize search and rescue effort to right place as earliest aspossible, reporting earthquake information like location, timeand magnitude of earthquake as soon as possible. In addition,thanks to the extensive data set obtained since 1978, the spatialand temporal structure of the background seismicity wasestablished (Pandey et al., 1995, 1999; Bollinger et al., 2004). Theoperational value of this network has been successfully provenduring the big seismic crisis in Nepal from the first day of theGorkha earthquake of April 25, 2015.

Furthermore, this seismic network is complemented by 29 GlobalPositioning System (GPS) stations in collaboration withCALTECH, USA and DASE, which provide crucial information

about co-seismic deformation, post seismic relaxation, andpossible pre-seismic creeping phases (Bettinelli et al., 2006).Similarly, DMG has started to measure strong ground motionby installing 7 strong ground motion stations in the territory ofNepal. In addition, DMG, in collaboration with Institute dePhysique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), has conducted pioneeringstudies on radon and CO2 gas emissions in Langtang valley,Marsyandi and Dolpo regions (Girault et al., 2014). Such studyis found to be useful for the short term prediction of earthquake.Similarly, in collaboration with Earth Observatory of Singapore

2 Trinity SciTech & Mgmt Review

Dr Soma Nath Sapkota is the Deputy Director General, Department of Mines and Geology, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Dr. Soma Nath Sapkota

Earthquake Research in Nepal and Future Prospective

Source: Department of Mines and Geology

(EOS), we have started comprehensive paleoseismological studiesto estimate the return period of great and mega quakes in thisregion. Recently, we have clearly documented the surface ruptureof the historical 1934 earthquake (Sapkota et al., 2013).

These studies provided us with the following fundamentalunderstanding regarding the earthquake process in Nepal:

1. A seismotectonic model of the Nepal Himalayas

2. A satisfactory preliminary understanding of the seismic cycle and stress build up in Himalayan region.

3. The presence of a seismic gap in West Nepal

4. A preliminary knowledge of seismic coupling

5. A possible relation between gas emission and seismicity

6. Expertise on paleoseismology and morphotectonics

Limitations of the current state of the art of earthquake sciencein Nepal

1. Although Himalayan range has a high seismic risk, it is notthe priority area of concern for Nepal government. First of all,there is no university in Nepal offering geophysics, seismologyand earthquake physics. Consequently, we do not have enoughin-house scholars to tackle these difficult subjects by a collectiveeffort. Earthquake research is only interest of foreign researchersand, most of the time' knowledge has not been transferredproperly to the Nepalese counterpart.

2. There is not a sole organization to tackle the different aspectsof earthquakes like monitoring, fundamental and appliedearthquake science, and earthquake risk evaluation. There is nocommon forum for the national and international scientist tocome together working collectively, there is not enough researchon the history of past earthquakes, inadequate knowledge onneotectonics and earthquake morphology, and no nationwideawareness and outreach programme. Even we do not have anyattenuation model for the Himalaya region and still need todepend upon the global model, which might not be suitable forNepal. This often leads to controversies about basic earthquakeunderstanding.

3. Earthquake science is a multidimensional subject. We needgeologists, petrologists, geophysicists, geochemists, physicistsand mathematicians to model the earth properly and we needto accommodate our organizational structures to have NepaleseMaster, PhD and post docs scholars to conduct research alongwith foreign scientists as sabbatical and invited researchers.Present day structure will not allow to create such an organization.Presently, DMG is under Ministry of Industry, and, of course, itis not in the priority of this ministry. The goal of Ministry indeedis to promote mineral based industries in Nepal through DMG.

4. We do not have any seismic risk map till date and how groundwill respond during earthquakes of different magnitude scales.We need to conduct seismic microzonation of all cities of Nepaland urban centric villages, which requires a tremendous technicalchallenge and a considerable amount of work.

What Next???

Nepal should invest and collaborate with internationalorganizations to support a better set-up of all the earthquakerelated research, gathering all relevant experts into one singleinstitution. Nepalese geoscientists and geophysicists currentlyworking aboard should be invited to join such an institution andstart world-class research in Nepal. We need to develop our ownscholars to asses our vulnerability and risk due to pending mega-quake to the people and our infrastructure. If we do not use thisopportunity to develop in-house capacity, we will be alwaysdependent on foreign researchers, who have their own interests,priorities and precedences.

This 2015 earthquake with Barpak epicenter clearly demonstratedthe limitations of our current understanding, and has put forwardmany new succeeding questions which should be understoodproperly.

• Why rupture is not propagated westward, while most researchers from the world thought there was no segmentation and western Nepal expected to be in isolating due to the long period seismic gap? However, rupture propagated eastward, causing a lot of damage of lives and property.

• How and when will this seismic crisis end?

• Is there any systematic earthquake clock in the Himalayasso that it follows a historical repetitive pattern??

• What is the relationship between ground shaking and building collapse?

• Why are all the places in our cities not equally vulnerableto earthquake?

• How to incorporate earthquake science in different levelsof academic curricula, from primary school to advanced university?

• Could we catch some precursory phenomena before an earthquake?

• What is the relation between shaking and landslides? Howsafe are slopes and glacial lakes?

• What is the influence on ground shaking of source characteristics and site effects?

To answer all these burning questions, we need a strongorganization under the leadership of the ministry as a separatedepartment which will be responsible to give basic input forplanning process to build back a better and safer Nepal. It is nowclear that earthquake science is not an accessory topic, but oneof the most requisite disciplines to provide a better and saferfuture to our population.

3Trinity SciTech & Mgmt Review

Hindu society in Nepal is in need of religious reformation. How isit going to happen? Who are going to be the agents of such a change? Whereshould it start? As a sense of helplessness pervades the air, we turnto the State for help. Nepal, as a secular modern nation, hesitates toenter the domain of religious reformation. It did not bother to bringsuch a reformation while it was still a Hindu kingdom. Why shouldit do now? Generally, Nepalese intellectuals seem to believe thatrituals and religions are beyond their areas of specialization. Moreover,those trained in the Sanskrit language and Shastras are the leastimpressive intellectual force in Nepal now. Political parties in Nepalare donation-oriented. Our social scientists feel that capitalism isquickly creating, in a big way, a new social order in the country.Further, caste hierarchy is becoming increasingly outdated. Hinduhardliners continue to harp on about their belief that the religionmust not change at all in this land. On the other hand, donors do nothave any interest in the reformation of the Hindu religion here.Activists from Dalit and other marginalized communities are criticalof the Hindu-dominated sociopolitical culture of this country. Sincethe Brahmins themselves have not created any major force that couldbring about religious reformation, they are blamed for the presentcaste discrimination in Nepal.

My impression is that Brahmins in Nepal too want to get rid of theburden of being considered superior beings. They want to be freefrom popular age-old misconceptions about themselves and thoseabout other castes in Nepalese society. Deep down they know thatthis psychosocial condition - that they are superior because they areBrahmins - badly hampers their actions. They realise that epistemicand social values promulgated to establish Brahmin superioritythrough laws have in reality come to humiliate millions of othercitizens. The values put forward by the priests and elites on sex andmarriage matters have come to misguide and fool their own children.As a Brahmin, I find that the youths of Brahmin families in Nepal livethrough two different worlds: one that is getting liberal and global,the other that is still closed and conservative. They too do not knowhow to free themselves.

Brahmins, a heterogeneous group made of Jaisi, Kumai and Upadhyayacategories, do not form any force that could be termed as superior.Their being Brahmins do not guarantee that they hold power ofinterpreting nature, society and self in a newer social and culturalcontext. Forces other than the one they represent have come todominate the world of knowledge and creativities. Many educatedBrahmins do not want their children to live through the wallow ofsuperiority because they know that does not lead them anywhere.Many Brahmin children prefer to migrate abroad for the sake ofgreater freedom and liberal life styles. Those staying at their ancestor'splaces, like JM Coetzee's white characters from the post-colonialAfrica, do realise that they are going to bear the brunts caused bytheir forefathers upon the 'untouchables' in the pasts. A Dalit boy orgirl walking akimbo through the lane where Brahmin families dwell

in has already become more than a mere anecdote. It is a historycoming in a happy jolt with the present. A Dalit youth standing witha pointed finger to raise a question in public is a moment of epiphanyfor historians and creative writers. As a university teacher, I meetstudents from Dalit communities everyday in my class. Possessed asit were with a greater power of humility and creative concentration,they seem to look at the horizon that is much friendlier to them. Onthe other hand, Brahmin youths find themselves fighting against theirselves. They want to embody a newer self but find themselvesspeaking several politically incorrect words. They too look at thehorizon for a change that could help them to carve out a liberal andsafer self.

As a Brahmin as well as a researcher of the performance culture ofthis part of the world, I have come to realise that rituals need to beredefined and reformulated in Nepal. Rituals should not be left justlike that. Instead, we should make everyone, no matter what casteand clan he or she may come from, feel that they have every rightto perform rituals and claim a new identity thereby. People, as partof their human rights, have rights to play with rituals. They shouldbe encouraged to develop rituals, which could practically solve theproblems created by rituals of the pasts. In other words, rituals caninteract with rituals; they can repair each other. Moreover, one canclaim equal status as Brahmins on the ground that he or she knowshow to conduct rituals, which Brahmins have always considered tobe theirs forte. We need to look at the very trajectory through whichthe social hierarchy got formulated in the Hindu society of this partof the world. Rituals that the Brahmins lived by had played a majorrole then in creating caste-based hierarchy. Rituals should be givenanother chance. Instead of cornering rituals in the corridor of historyof the past, we should evoke them for the sake of a more egalitarianHindu society. Rituals were not mere pujas in the pasts. They weresources of political and social power. Therefore, why should oneparticular class of a particular historical time make benefit of rituals- something that the talks about universal self and naturally givenequality represent?

My emphasis is that if anyone coming from a Dalit community claimsto have knowledge about how to perform rituals of the Hindus, heor she has every right to call himself or herself a Brahmin. He or shecan have every right to have a new identity. Moreover, most of theDalits in Nepal are the descendants of the Brahmins. They were giventhe 'lower' status on the basis of rituals. I believe rituals should beprovided chances to correct the mistakes committed. This demandsupon people to embrace rituals. Rituals even the ones designated bythe Vedas are human constructs. They were rational acts carried outin the name of law and order. Therefore, they need to be made thesubject of studies and performance. Gone are the days when only afew could play with rituals. Therefore, my friends, instead of de-Hinduizing Nepalese society, the wiser thing would be to enter thevery sphere of rituals and repair them to provide our civilization anewer dynamism.

4 Trinity SciTech & Mgmt Review

Give Rituals a Chance

Dr Shiva Rijal works as a senior lecturer at the Central Department of English, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu.

Dr. Shiva Rijal

About IT

Information technology (IT) is the use of computing, storage,networking, and physical devices, infrastructure, and techniquesto create, process, store, secure, and exchange electronic data. Itincludes layers of hardware and software components like physicalequipment, virtualization and automation tools, operating systems,and applications needed to perform vital tasks. Making use of ITimplies that there is no need of goingto the source of information forknowing or doing something, as theneeded information c o m e s t o u s ,making our lives m u c h e a s i e r .Information is at our finger tips!

A Global Backdrop

Back in 1980, desktoppersonal computerswith integrated circuits on asingle chip containing GraphicalUser Interfaces (GUIs) becameavailable as affordable items.The first IBM PC was releasedin 1981 and Windows wasintroduced in 1983, while thefirst Apple Macintosh wasmarketed in 1984. A computerwith 24 megabytes of RAM wasthen considered having a greatmemory. Now, most computerspossess a memory, often onegigabyte or more, that is manytimes greater. Apart from suchnotable advancements incomputer technology, in the late 90's, people in the East weremesmerized at seeing people in the West moving around freelytalking on cell phones while they could communicate only throughthe wires of their analog phones.

Due to technological advancements, today IT has shifted fromfocusing on single computers to networks of computers.Consequently, the central data repositories of big companies areaccessed by interlinked computers, and software vendors operatingthese systems make fortunes. In addition, we reap the benefits ofwhat IT has to offer via the Internet, which has become a primarychoice of communication for people using email, instant messagingservices, or other social media applications. The Internet alsoprovides a shared platform for very many business organizationsglobally for promoting their businesses through onlineadvertisements. In short, IT has made lives of people far easierbecause of online banking, online tourism, online education, oronline service delivery in diverse sectors.

Future Trends

The ability to connect, communicate, and collaborate quickly inreal time by means of social conversation, photos, audio, or videowith almost anyone in the world is still somewhat limited. Businessesrequire the ability to process and transmit greater volumes of datathan they presently produce or handle. IT architecture hastransformed delivery platforms by incorporating the concepts of

Cloud Computing, reinventing communication and collaborationchannels through Next Generation Networks, and processingmassive volumes of data intelligently by making use of Big DataAnalytics. Much research is going on in emerging domains whichmakes Cloud Computing, Next Generation Mobility, Social Mediaand Big Data key components in the evolution of IT.

Besides, futuristic IT software and computing devices are mostlikely to have more intelligence by working as smart agents thatcan think and act rationally by mimicking human behavior. TheIBM is striving towards realizing its concept of Smarter Planetalongside The Internet of Things that offers object recognition, sensornetworks, and connection capability as the basis for the creation ofintelligent services and applications. In the future, for instance, oneshould not be surprised at seeing an apple talking to a departmentstore refrigerator to lower its temperature, or a bottle of soda

reminding the store owner of itsexpiry date!

The Nepalese Scenario

The use of ICT in our country is stillin its infancy compared to thatelsewhere. While IT has beenenthusiastically adopted by financialand commercial sectors in Nepal,others like agriculture, tourism,health, and trade still need to benefitmuch from i ts ut i l izat ion.Signif icantly, the Nepalesegovernment has come up with laws

to deliver effective IT servicesand to provide wantedinformation to its citizens usingelectronic communicationtechnology like local and widearea networks, the Internet,and mobiles.

Some of these importantprogrammes are operational -like the Ministry of Finance's

implementation of E-PAN, E-TDS, and E-Customs, the Ministryof Land Reform and Management's initiative for automating landrecord management, the Ministry of Physical Infrastructure andTransport's working on E-Procurement, E-Tendering, VehicleRegistration, and Licensing, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs'automation of the Passport Management process, and the ElectionCommission's setting up E-Voting and Voters' Management Systems.

The Message

Indeed, IT has proven to be a challenging yet exciting and promisingfield worldwide that can also contribute hugely to the developmentof a nation like ours. The point is clear. Even though Nepal has muchto do in the development of its IT sector, the present state of affairscan be taken as a blessing in disguise as increasingly abundant andattractive job opportunities are already being created day by day,almost paradoxically, for young graduates within the country. OnceIT develops here, the Nepalese socio-economy would definitelyflourish . . .

5Trinity SciTech & Mgmt Review

IT Today Nepal's Future

Saroj Shakya

Saroj Shakya, Associate Professor and Graduate Program Coordinator, Nepal College of Information Technology (NCIT), Balkumari, Lalitpur, specializes in Computer Graphics, Real-Time Systems, and Software Engineering.

Phobia or simply fear is something that can be faced by manyindividuals. No matter how strong you look from the outside, butif you are claustrophobic then enclosed space will certainly makeyou lose your composure. But, this isn't something you should beashamed of. Most of us suffer from a phobia or the other. Accordingto the National Institute of Mental Health, more than 10 millionadults in the United States suffer from some sort of phobia.Among all the questions raised about phobia, the most often raisedquestion about it is ; whether it is genetic or not? In reference to anarticle published by Richard Gray, Science Correspondent in TheTelegraph it is said; "Researchers at the Emory University Schoolof Medicine, in Atlanta, found that mice can pass on learnedinformation about traumatic or stressful experiences - in this casea fear of the smell of cherry blossom - to subsequent generations.The results may help to explain why people suffer from seeminglyirrational phobias - it may be based on the inherited experiencesof their ancestors."

It is also suspected that a fear of spiders may in fact be an inheriteddefense mechanism laid down in a family's gene by an ancestors'frightening encounter with an arachnid. Besides genetic, themajor causes of phobia are most often considered tobe psychological as study of phobia is itselfrelated to psychiatry.

Specific (or simple) phobias oftenseem to develop in early childhoodbetween the ages of 4 and 8 yearsold. Certain events in life orunpleasant experiences canoften plant a seed, which willgrow overtime and slowlyturn into some sort ofphobia. For instance, anunpleasant experience ina confined (or small) spacecould potentially lead toclaustrophobia in a laterstage of life.Doctors have found thatphobias aren't necessarilygenetically inherited fromeither of the parents. However,if a child is progressively aware ofone of its parents' phobia, chances are much higherthat this child will develop the same (or a similar)phobia during later stages in life.

However, the causes for complex and/or social phobias are stillshrouded in clouds of mystery and ambiguity. Scientists believethat the complex phobias are often caused by a combination ofgenetics, neurochemistry and certain life experiences. It is said thatsocial phobias are more likely to be caused by a very stressfulexperience.

Some scientists and researchers speculate an evolutionaryexplanation for some kinds of phobias. In ancient times for instance,staying outside in a wide and open field would increase the riskof getting caught by other dangerous predators. Therefore it's onlylogical that for many people, especially for young children, thereis a strong instinct for staying safe at home.

Furthermore, today's social phobias could have been a potentialsurvival instinct in ancient times. Staying with a group of strangers(people from another tribe perhaps) was much more dangerousthousands of years ago than it is now.

The mechanism of phobia as defined by wikipedia is thehippocampus, a horseshoe shaped structure that plays an importantpart in the brain's limbic system because of its role in formingmemories and connecting them with emotions and the senses.When dealing with fear, the hippocampus receives impulses fromthe amygdala that allows it to connect the fear with a certain sense,such as a smell or sound. This causes a person to be phobic to suchsmell or soundWhatever may be the cause, the fact remains if you are phobic toa thing then that shall cause you to panic and only knowing thepsychology behind the fear won't help you to overcome it.We needhelp to overcome these fear. When it comes to treating phobias,self-help strategies and therapy can both be effective. What's bestfor you depends on a number of factors, including the severity ofyour phobia, and the amount of support you need.

As a general rule, self-help is always worth a try. The more youcan do for yourself, the more in control you'll feel-which goes along way when it comes to phobias and fears. However, if yourphobia is so severe that it triggers panic attacks or uncontrollableanxiety, you may want to get additional support.

As heard from many the most efficient wayto overcome a phobia is by facing it.

This doesn't mean you should gohead to head with your phobia,

but it would be effective totake baby steps.

Another tip to overcomethe phobia is to learn

relaxation techniques.As you'll recall, whenyou're afraid ora n x i o u s , y o uexperience a varietyof uncomfortablephysical symptoms,such as a racingh e a r t a n d a

suffocating feeling.T h e s e p h y s i c a l

sensations can befrightening themselves-

and a large part of whatmakes your phobia so

distressing. However, bylearning and pract ic ing

relaxation techniques, you canbecome more confident in your ability tot o l e r a t e these uncomfortable sensations and calmyourself down quickly.Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, andmuscle relaxation are powerful antidotes to anxiety, panic, andfear. With regular practice, they can improve your ability to controlthe physical symptoms of anxiety, which will make facing yourphobia less intimidating. Relaxation techniques will also help youcope more effectively with other sources of stress and anxiety inyour life.

As different phobias need different amount of attention and care,this needs to be discussed more often among elders or the peopleyou trust. No matter how big the fear may be with a little help anda lot of determination this can be won over. So, it is suggested todo your own amount of research and have a responsible personby you while you try to overcome these fear.

6 Trinity SciTech & Mgmt Review

Phobia and its PsychologySwastika KC

7Trinity SciTech & Mgmt Review

E POSciTech-&-MgmtTrinity

Getting Things Done

January 30, 2015, (Magh 16, 2071 KathmanduExhibitions-cum-Competitions

Society and the knowledge economy are interwoven. Education, the central pillar of knowledge, learned or applied,is largely a collaborative pursuit. It follows that a creative community of young scholars is likely to influence, sooneror later, achievements whether in science & technology, management, or the arts. Interaction among students suchas during expos and competitions improves key learning opportunities alongside useful responses to social needs.As they meet in the realm of the intellect, educated young Nepalese need to move together from skill acquisition toreal life competence. The Trinity Inter-College SciTech-&-Mgmt Expo is meant to help students to develop an aptitudefor working efficiently and quickly in teams, communicating meaningfully with others, and transforming knowledgeinto innovation or even discovery.

We now have Trinity's fifth expo; the first was in 2012. Last year, the Fourth Trinity SciTech & Management Expo (30January, 2015) saw the keen participation of 12 top colleges in our Inter-College SciTech Exhibition-cum-Competition. Therewere well-planned, research projects: 6 in the Intra-College SciTech Exhibition-cum-Competition, and 12 in the Intra-CollegeManagement Exhibition-cum-Competition. Prof Dr G R Pokhrel, Vice Chairman, National Planning Commission, whoinaugurated these competitions, enthusiastically looked over the attention-grabbing projects. Of particular significancewere projects on electricity generation from roads and electromagnetic anti-gravity levitation. Documentaries on youthissues added further interest and charm to the event. Dr T B Shrestha, the science writer, and Prof Dr B D Bhatta, ex-Member Public Service Commission, gave away the awards. This year too, we expect to draw out the best talent fromparticipating teams for the benefit of hundreds of visitors who normally come to our expos!

8 Trinity SciTech & Mgmt Review

A Meeting of Young MindsNurturing Talent

REVIEW

Trinity Inter-College

SciTechExhibition-cum-Competition… Fostering Scientific InnovationJanuary 30, 2016 , Kathmandu

• Budhanilkantha School 2012, 15

• Campion Academy 2013, 14

• Canvas International College 2012, 15

• GEMS Institute of Higher Education 2014, 16

• GoldenGate International College 2013, 14, 15, 16

• Grammer Public H S School 2013

• Guinness International College 2012

• Himalayan WhiteHouse International College 2012, 14

• Kanjirowa National School 2012, 15

• Kathmandu BernHardt College 2014

• Kathmandu Model H S School 2012, 13, 14,15, 16

• KIST College 2016

• Liverpool International College 2014

• NASA International College 2013, 14

Participating Colleges in the Trinity Inter-CollegeSciTech Exhibition-cum-Competition2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 & 2016

• Nepal Mega College 2013

• Nobel Academy 2012, 13, 16

• Pentagon International College 2013, 16

• Sainik Awasiya Mahabidhyalaya 2015

• Saipal Academy 2012

• SOS Hermann Gmeiner H S School 2013, 16

• Southwestern State College 2012, 13, 14, 15, 16

• St. Lawrence College 2015

• St. Xavier's College 2012, 13, 14, 15, 16

• St. Xavier's School 2015, 16

• Trinity International College 2012, 13, 14, 15, 16

• Uniglobe HSS/College 2016

• Universal College 2012, 13

• VS Niketan College 2014, 15

• Xavier International College 2013