Trial Exam Paper - Wikispaces Biology10... · • The question and answer book of 21 ... usually several objective lenses, ... Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction are the

This trial examination produced by Insight Publications is NOT an official VCAA paper for 2010 Year 11 Biology written examination 1. This examination paper is licensed to be printed, photocopied or placed on the school intranet and used only within the confines of the purchasing school for examining their students. No trial examination or part thereof may be issued or passed on to any other party including other schools, practising or non-practising teachers, tutors, parents, websites or publishing agencies without the written consent of Insight Publications. Copyright © Insight Publications 2010

INSIGHT Trial Exam Paper

YEAR 11 BIOLOGY Written examination 1

STUDENT NAME:

QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

Reading time: 15 minutes Writing time: 1 hour 30 minutes

Structure of book

Section Number of questions

Number of questions to be answered Number of marks

A B

25 8

25 8

25 50 Total 75

• Students are permitted to bring the following items into the examination: pens, pencils, highlighters, erasers, sharpeners and rulers.

• Students are NOT permitted to bring sheets of paper or white out liquid/tape into the examination. • Calculators are not permitted in this examination.

Materials provided • The question and answer book of 21 pages. • An answer sheet for multiple-choice questions.

Instructions • Write your name in the box provided. • You must answer the questions in English.

At the end of the examination • Place the answer sheet for multiple-choice questions inside the front cover of this book.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones or any other electronic devices into the examination.

2

SECTION A – continued Copyright © Insight Publications 2010

SECTION A – Multiple-choice questions

Instructions for Section A Answer allChoose the response that is

questions in pencil on the answer sheet provided for multiple-choice questions. correct

A correct answer scores 1, an incorrect answer scores 0. for the question.

Marks will notNo marks will be given if more than one answer is completed for any question.

be deducted for incorrect answers.

Question 1 The Cell Theory was developed in the mid-1800s as a result of the work of Schwann, Schleiden and Virchow. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Cell Theory? A. All living things are composed of groups of cells.

B. Cells are the basic unit of life. C. New cells are produced from existing cells.

D. Cells are organised structures. Question 2 Compound light microscopes have at least two sets of lenses, the ocular (eyepiece) lens and usually several objective lenses, each with a different magnification. The magnification of an object is obtained by

A. dividing the magnification of the objective lens by the magnification of the ocular lens. B. adding the magnification of the objective lens to the magnification of the ocular lens.

C. multiplying the magnification of the objective lens by the magnification of the ocular lens.

D. subtracting the magnification of the objective lens from the magnification of the ocular lens.

Question 3 Cells can be examined by many different types of microscopes. The following microscope can be used to view living cells:

A. Transmission electron microscope B. Differential interference contrast microscope

C. Scanning tunnelling microscope D. Scanning electron microscope

3

SECTION A – continued TURN OVER

Copyright © Insight Publications 2010

Question 4 A typical prokaryote cell is likely to demonstrate a A. defined internal structure.

B. nucleus that is not membrane-bound. C. single-stranded DNA molecule.

D. membrane-bound organelles. Question 5 Unicellular organisms such as Amoeba and Paramecium engulf relatively large particles and digest them to obtain energy for living. In these circumstances, the organism engulfs the particles in a sac (vesicle) and the particles remain there until they have been digested.

Which of the following processes is associated with engulfing and digestion of large particles in order to produce energy? A. endocytosis

B. pinocytosis C. exocytosis

D. phagocytosis Question 6 Multicellular organisms have specialised cells which perform specific functions. Specialised cells are highly developed and are found in particular levels of organisation. The levels of organisation, in order, are

A. individual cell, organ, organ system, tissue, organism. B. individual cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.

C. individual cell, organ, tissue, organ system, organism. D. individual cell, tissue, organ system, organ, organism.

4


Question 7 A sample of pond water contained many unicellular organisms, four of which are shown in the diagram. The pond water was placed in a glass beaker and supplied with nutrients over a period of 5 days. Which organism would be the most efficient (per unit volume per unit time) at absorbing nutrients?

A. Organism Q

B. Organism R C. Organism S

D. Organism T Question 8 Living cells are made up of a combination of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. These compounds are organic molecules and are known as polymers. The table below shows the basic structures of four organic compounds.

Compound 1 Compound 2 Compound 3 Compound 4

In order, from Compound 1 to Compound 4, the polymers are A. amino acid polymer, carbohydrate polymer, lipid polymer, nucleic acid polymer.

B. amino acid polymer, nucleic acid polymer, carbohydrate polymer, lipid polymer. C. amino acid polymer, carbohydrate polymer, nucleic acid polymer, lipid polymer.

D. carbohydrate polymer, amino acid polymer, nucleic acid polymer, lipid polymer.

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Question 9 Enzymes are sensitive protein molecules which act by increasing the rate of reaction that occur in living organisms. Which of the following statements about enzymes is INCORRECT? A. An enzyme will act on a compound which is known as a substrate.

B. The activity of an enzyme ceases at high temperature. C. Even though enzymes participate in chemical reactions, their structure always remains

unchanged. D. Enzymes are only used within the cells that produce them.

Question 10 Some organisms are capable of synthesising organic compounds. These organisms can be described as

A. heterotrophic. B. autotrophic.

C. hydrophobic. D. hydrophilic.

6


The following information relates to Questions 11 and 12.

Cell cycle is the name given to the continuous sequence of events that takes place when a newly formed cell matures and undergoes division to produce two new cells. The duration of cell cycle varies but generally lasts for 10 hours to 30 hours in plants and 18 hours to 24 hours in animals.

Question 11

The diagram represents the life cycle of a cell. The cell is most likely to be in interphase during phases A. M, C and G1.

B. G1 and G2 only. C. G1, S and G2.

D. M and C only. Question 12 The graph is a representation of a sequence of time in a cell.

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The stage indicated at K and L is most likely to be

A. S phase. B. M phase.

C. G2 phase. D. C phase.

Question 13 A student was given the following information taken from somatic cells of two plants and two animals.

Organism Number of chromosomes

V 20 W 18 X 20 Y 56

From the data, the student drew four conclusions. Which is the only CORRECT conclusion? A. Organism V and Organism X are the same species.

B. All the cells from the organisms are diploid. C. Organism W will be smaller than Organism Y.

D. Organism Y is an animal. Question 14 Photosynthesis is a process which involves a complex series of biochemical reactions to convert radiant energy to chemical energy. The products of photosynthesis are A. carbon dioxide and sugar.

B. carbon dioxide and water. C. oxygen and sugar.

D. oxygen and water. Question 15 Plants demonstrate a network of highly specialised vascular tissue. The role of vascular tissue in plants is to A. harness radiant energy for the process of photosynthesis.

B. tap large volumes of soil for water and minerals and to anchor the plant in the ground. C. increase the surface area of the plant available to sunlight.

D. transport nutrients, minerals and water and provide support.

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Question 16 Many herbivores consume cellulose as part of their diet. The energy stored in cellulose is not readily accessible to herbivorous mammals and as a result it must be converted to a form that can be easily absorbed. The process by which herbivores break down cellulose is A. digestion.

B. fermentation. C. respiration.

D. mastication. Question 17 In multicellular organisms, the transport of nutrients, oxygen and wastes occurs in the circulatory system. The fluid that travels through the vessels of the circulatory system is blood which is made up of two components, one of which is plasma and the other which contains

A. arteries, veins and capillaries. B. albumin, globulins and fibrinogen.

C. red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. D. nutrients, ions and hormones.

Question 18 Many terrestrial animals have lungs to enable the exchange of gases necessary for cellular respiration and survival. Gills are the respiratory surface for some aquatic animals such as fish. The gaseous exchange organs of fish need to be highly efficient because A. the amount of available oxygen is significantly reduced in water.

B. fish need to conserve energy to maintain their balance in water. C. the lamellae, of which they are made, have a reduced surface area for gaseous exchange.

D. countercurrent flow over the lamellae results in decreased transfer of oxygen into the bloodstream.

Question 19 Metabolism in animals results in the production of nitrogenous waste which can be toxic to cells if it accumulates. In mammals, the removal of nitrogenous waste occurs through the urinary system. In addition to controlling the removal of toxic waste, the urinary system is involved in maintaining the

A. correct level of hormones within the mammalian body. B. concentration of glucose in the bloodstream.

C. concentration of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the bloodstream. D. balance of water in the body.

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The following information relates to Questions 20 and 21.

The table shows the maximum concentration of urine produced by four animals.

Animal Maximum Urine Concentration (arbitrary units)

rabbit 2.6 kangaroo rat 6.2

dog 1.4 human 1.6

Question 20 The animal LEAST likely to survive in a desert is the A. rabbit.

B. kangaroo rat. C. dog.

D. human. Question 21 The animal MOST likely to have the longest Loop of Henle in the kidney tubule is the

A. rabbit. B. kangaroo rat.

C. dog. D. human.

Question 22 Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction are the processes whereby another organism of the same species is produced according to genetic information in the parent organism. The table below compares some characteristics of asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Which of the comparisons is INCORRECT?

Characteristic Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction A number of parents one two B processes involved binary fission, meiosis mitosis C fertilisation no fusion of gametes fusion of gametes D time for completion rapid slow

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END OF SECTION A Copyright © Insight Publications 2010

Question 23 Angiosperms are flowering plants the majority of which have flowers that are capable of producing both eggs and pollen, making them ‘female’ and ‘male’ at the same time. Ilex spp (holly) and Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) can produce only functioning ‘female’ or only functioning ‘male’ flowers on the one plant. A plant which produces either only functional ‘female’ flowers or only functional ‘male’ flowers is described as A. dioecious.

B. monoecious. C. bioecious.

D. trioecious. Question 24 The Electus parrot (Electus roratus) is dimorphic for colour with the adult male being mainly bright green in colour and the female being red and purple. For many years they were thought to be different species. The snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea) and the white tern (Gygis alba) both share white feathers, coal black eyes and a black bill. They have a very similar appearance but are different species. A species can be defined in several different ways. The most reliable method for determining if organisms belong to the same species is based on A. structural similarity between organisms.

B. the ability of organisms to interbreed successfully. C. confirmation that they belong in the same genus.

D. the degree of similarity in the DNA of organisms. Question 25 Organism Q is composed of many cells, all of which have a distinct membrane bound nucleus. In addition, Organism Q cannot produce its own organic material but it has produced gametes. Organism Q could NOT be from the kingdom

A. Protista. B. Monera.

C. Fungi. D. Animalia.

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SECTION B – continued TURN OVER


SECTION B – Short-answer questions

Instructions for Section B Answer this section in pen. Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

Question 1 The diagram shows a drawing of a cell seen under a microscope.

1a i. Is the cell more likely to be a plant cell or an animal cell? ___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark 1a ii. Explain your answer to Question 1ai.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark

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SECTION B – continued Copyright © Insight Publications 2010

Cells have many structures, each of which has a function that contributes to the overall functioning of the cell. 1b. Using the diagram, complete the table below by identifying and describing the functions

of the labelled structures.

Structure Function

A principle site of ATP production B peroxisome C controls passage of substances D microtubule

4 marks

This cell was viewed using an electron microscope. 1c. If a light microscope had been used to view the cell, name two structures that would not

be visible. ___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark Total 7 marks

Question 2 A student carried out the following experiment. A sample of cells was collected from a population of protists and placed into glass beakers. Two of the beakers were filled with the same solution at a different concentration. The third beaker was filled with distilled water.

Solution 1: same concentration as the protist cytosol

Solution 2: higher concentration than the protist cytosol Solution 3: distilled water

After 15 minutes, the student recorded her observations of the cells. Her diagrams are shown below.

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2a. Based on the diagrams, indicate which solutions were used and explain what has happened to the cells in each experiment.

Experiment 1 ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Experiment 2 ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Experiment 3 ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

3 marks 2b. If Solution 1 can be described as an isotonic solution in relation to the protist cells, what

term is used to describe Solution 2? ___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark In another experiment, the student places a plant cell in a beaker containing Solution 3. After 2 hours, the plant cell is observed.

2c. Describe how the plant cell is likely to appear.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

2 marks Total 6 marks

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Question 3 Cellular respiration is a process essential to all living cells as it is directly involved with the production of energy for many functions. 3a. Write the balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration.

2 marks All the chemical reactions that occur in living organisms can be classified on the basis of whether they break down compounds to release energy or whether they synthesise complex compounds from simpler ones. Cellular respiration involves the breakdown of compounds to release energy.

3b. What is the term that is used to describe the type of reaction associated with cellular

respiration? ___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark In cellular respiration the process of energy conversion from one form to another is about 40% efficient.

3c. What happens to the remaining 60% of the energy? ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark Fruit and vegetables are comprised of living cells and the rate of respiration is dependent on the type of produce. Generally, the higher the rate of respiration the more rapid the rate of deterioration of the produce.

3d. Aside from refrigeration, explain what technique could be used to slow the deterioration

of produce. ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________


15



Question 4 Grafting is a process in horticulture where a small twig (a scion) is cut from one fruit tree and inserted into a cut in another, compatible fruit tree (the rootstock). When a sour cherry scion, Prunus cerasus, is grafted onto the rootstock of a sweet cherry tree, Prunus avium, both parts continue to grow and flourish. The chromosome number of the sour cherry is 32 and the chromosome number of the sweet cherry is 16.

4a. If the grafted cherry tree grows for several years, how many chromosomes would be

expected in the epidermal cells of the leaves?

___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark The chromosome number of the sour cherry is double that of the sweet cherry.

4b. Is there any change in the number of molecules of DNA in the cells of the sweet cherry

between the end of G1 and the beginning of the M-phase of mitosis? Explain. ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

2 marks When a graft is performed, the cambium layers of the two plants are matched, the graft is held securely in place with tape or twine, and the site is covered with a greasy paste. The cambium is a narrow band of cells just inside the bark and is the source of the xylem and the phloem cells.

4c. In a plant, what is the function of the xylem and the phloem?

xylem ______________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

phloem _____________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

1 + 1 = 2 marks

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A student observed a series of prepared slides of cells from a hawkweed plant (2n = 8). He recorded his observations which are represented in the diagrams below. They are in no particular order.

4d i. What process was taking place in the observed cells? ___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark 4d ii. Using your knowledge of this process, assign numbers from 1 to 6, on the line beneath

each diagram, to indicate the correct order in which it would occur in a living cell.

3 marks

4d iii. What is happening at X? ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________


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Question 5 The Tasmanian devil, Sarcophilus harrisii, is a flesh-eating marsupial found exclusively in Tasmania. Its diet consists of wallabies, various small mammals and birds, reptiles, amphibians, insects and even sea squirts. Examination of the gut contents of S. harrisii has revealed fur and bones of its prey.

5a i. What kind of diet does Sarcophilus harrisii have?

___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark 5a ii. What structural adaptation is Sarcophilus harrisii likely to have for obtaining its food?

___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark The gut of S. harrisii is well adapted to its diet. The capacity of the stomach is 60% to 70% of the total gut volume and is maintained at pH 1 or less. In comparison, the capacity of the human stomach is 20% to 30% with a pH of 2.

5b i. Suggest why the stomach capacity of S. harrisii is significantly greater than that of

humans. ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

2 marks 5b ii. What structure is most likely to be absent from the gut of S. harrisii?

___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark

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The diagram shows the cross-section of a sample of tissue taken from the lining of the digestive system of S. harrisii.

5c i. What is the name of the above sample of tissue and where in the digestive system is it

found? ___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark 5c ii. What is structure A and where does it transport its contents? ___________________________________________________________________________


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Question 6 Invertebrates such as arthropods and molluscs have a circulatory system in which a tubular heart pumps blood through short vessels into open spaces in the body. Whilst in the open spaces, the blood bathes tissues and then returns to the heart through small holes known as ostia. Circulating fluid is always pumped in the direction of the organism’s head.

6a i. What is the term used to describe the circulatory system of arthropods and molluscs? ___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark 6a ii. Explain what structural feature of the circulatory system is likely to be involved in

maintaining movement of the fluid toward the head.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark Insects are arthropods; however, they do not use blood to transport oxygen. Instead, they have a series of air-filled tubes which delivers oxygen directly to the tissues.

6b i. What is the name given to these air-filled tubes? ___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark 6b ii. If the blood does not carry oxygen to tissue, what might its function be? ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________


20


Question 7 The lifecycles of organisms can differ depending on the point at which meiosis and fertilisation occur. One possible model of a lifecycle is represented in the diagram. Lifecycle A shows that meiosis and fertilisation can occur at different times.

7a. What is the name give to the reproductive strategy shown by Lifecycle A?

___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark 7b. What kind of organism demonstrates this mode of reproduction in its lifecycle?

___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark The donkey, Equus asinus, has a diploid number of 62 and the horse, Equus callabus, has a diploid number of 64. When a male donkey and a female horse were kept together in captivity they bred and produced an offspring known as a mule. The mule showed physical characteristics of both parents. 7c. How many chromosomes would be present in a sperm produced by the donkey? ___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark 7d. Name the type of cell division involved in the formation of the sperm of the donkey. ___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark 7e. How many chromosomes would be present in a somatic cell of a mule? Explain your

answer. ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________


21

END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK


Question 8 Possums are herbivorous arboreal marsupials and are grouped into the order Diprotodonta. The table shows the common and scientific names of some possum species.

Common Name Scientific Name

Yellow-bellied glider Petaurus australis

Feathertail glider Acrobates pygmaeus

Squirrel glider Petaurus norfolcencis

Spotted cuscus Phalanger maculatus

8a. How many different species are represented by these possums?

___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark 8b. Which possums are most closely related? ___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark The mountain brush-tailed possum (Trichosurus caninus) is found in forests in eastern Australia and has a range which stretches from Queensland to Victoria. In 2002, it was realised that the northern and southern populations were not actually the same species. The northern species was given a new common name (short-eared possum) and kept its scientific name (Trichosurus caninus) and the southern species kept the name ‘mountain brush-tailed possum’ and acquired a new scientific name (Trichosurus cunninghamii).

8c i. What evidence would have been carefully considered before the original group of one

species was split into two? ___________________________________________________________________________

1 mark 8c ii. What is one advantage of using the evidence described in Question 8ci? ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________


Documents

Trial Exam Paper - Wikispaces Biology10... · • The question and answer book of 21 ... usually several objective lenses, ... Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction are the