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Trends in the Periodic Table
Trends in Mass
• As you move from left to right across a period, mass increases
• As you move from top to bottom down a group, mass increases
• Masses get larger in both these cases as the atoms have more protons, neutrons and electrons
Trends in Atomic Radius
• As you move from left to right across a period atomic radius DECREASES!!
– This is because the electrons are “pulled in” closer to the nucleus as the number of protons increases….the atom “shrinks” in a bit.
– See graph on p. 23
Trends in Atomic Radius
• As you move from top to bottom down a group, atomic radius INCREASES as the atoms have more electron shells.
Trends in Reactivity for Metals
• As you move from left to right across a period, reactivity decreases for metals
• As you move from top to bottom down a group, reactivity increases for metals
The most reactive metal is francium (Fr)
Trends in Reactivity for Non-metals
• As you move from left to right across a period, reactivity for non-metals increases
• As you move from top to bottom down a group, reactivity for non-metals decreases.
• Remember the noble gases are NON-REACTIVE, so the most reactive non-metal is fluorine (F)
Trends in Ionization Energy
• Ionization energy is the energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom
• Ionization energy increases across a period and decreases down a group
Trends in Ionization Energy