Biodiversity and Development COP11 11 October 2012!

Hugo Lamers & Bhuwon Sthapit!

The benefits of native Garcinia and Mangifera species in South and South

East Asia showcasing integrated approach for on-farm (in situ)

conservation and use in practice

Outline presentation!

•  Importance and benefits of tropical fruit tree diversity •  Where is diversity found; focus of the project •  On-farm/in-situ conservation; why and how? •  CBM approach, methods and tools •  Garcinia & Mangifera in Western Ghats India •  Take home message

Three type of benefits from TFT diversity!

•  Fundamental source for new seedling material through open pollination and human & natural selection"

•  Eco-system services (pollination, lower pest & disease pressure)"

•  Risk management (economic, agronomic resilience)"•  Source of food items (nutritional diversity)"•  Source of non-food items"•  Source of income"

"""Global"

Local"

"

Private"

1.  Natural forest systems-wild species"

2.  Buffer zones in protected forests"

3.  Community forestry/economic forest"

4.  Home gardens"5.  Semi-commercial

orchards"6.  Commercial orchards"7.  Field gene banks"

Context: Diverse production systems conserving tree genetic resources!!

" In-situ"

On-farm"

Ex-situ"

Tropical Fruit Tree Diversity!

Why on-farm/in-situ conservation of PGR?!

•  Allows the evolutionary process to create new diversity through geneflow and human and natural selection "

•  Enables interaction with other species and vital functions within agro-ecosystems (provision of eco-system services like pollination)"

•  Conserves and updates the cultural and traditional knowledge that is associated with the species or varieties about its uses, values and characteristics"

•  Recognizes farmers’ rights - farmers as breeders"•  Fruit tree species are recalcitrant – seeds loose

germination power in cold ex-situ storage – field gene banks always lack space"

"""Global"

Local"

"

Private"

On-farm/in-situ conservation through use!

"•  What are the benefits of TFT for rural communities?"•  Why do people maintain diversity?"•  Who/what are the driving forces or threats?"•  How is TFT diversity conserved on-farm/in-situ?!•  How to strengthen and support these practices?!

How to intervene?!

Agricultural & natural biodiversity!

Social & institutional

empowerment!

Livelihood benefits & income!

CBM Poverty

reduction!Social

inclusion

Community Biodiversity Managementkey outputs, tools, process & outcomes !

Governance, Rules & Regulations, Recognition

Farm strategies & activities (SLA)

Knowledge, skills & values

Conservation!

Driving force!

Community Biodiversity Management!Process-led approach:"•  Consolidating local institutions’ and farmers’

roles"•  9 steps from site selection to value addition"

Type of Activities:"•  Documenting diversity"•  Creating awareness"•  Set-up local nurseries"•  Capacity building"•  Added value activities "

Methods & tools:"•  Four Cell Analysis"•  Fruit Catalogue/CBR"•  Diversity fair"•  Community seed bank"•  Participatory variety

selection/breeding"•  Identify good practices"•  Identify custodian

farmers"•  Diversity Fund"•  Rapid Market Appraisal"

Ok, but how is it done in the field?!

•  Salkani Cluster!•  Kuliveedu Cluster!•  Kumta Cluster !

India  

Karnataka  State  

U.ara  Kannada  dist  

Western Ghats in India one of 34 hotspots of biodiversity!

1.165 Households

Mosaic of landscapes: with patches of agricultural land and forests

1. Agricultural biodiversity:Diversity assessment & introduction of wild species in home gardens!

CBM

2. Network of grafting experts to conserve the knowledge along unique fruit tree diversity!

CBM

3. Social & Institutional empowerment: Village forest committees, betta-land regulations and the right of harvesting!

CBM

4. Livelihood benefits & income:Product innovation & sales of traditional mango pickle and kokum jam by local women groups!

CBM

Intermediate outcomes & impact 2012!

1. Diversity and related knowledge assessed and documented; 48 mango varieties, 3 Garcinia species, "

"2. Conservation action identified and put in place through grafting

experts"

3. Village forest committees obtained for first time the right to join tender and won right of harvesting in buffer zone forest in 2012"

"4. High demand for mango appe midi saplings by local farming

households, just as white type of G. indica"

4. Women self help groups directly involved in the development and launch of new products like jam, pickle, candles, soap & instant powder for kokum juice"

Study sites (4 countries; 22 sites; 36 communities; 15,000 HHs)!

https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=214369556852953217892.00049798000cf458ac970&msa=0

Promoting Aroi-aroi Malaysia!

Side grafting Thailand!

Local food culture

Thailand!

Flyers produced!

Way forward and take home message!

•  Not everywhere - works best in diversity hotspots"•  CBM is challenging & requires shift in paradigm "•  CBM is long-term effort – need more research in

sentinel sites "•  The only holistic & community-based approach to date"•  If implemented successfully, it conserves biodiversity

while creating multiple benefits such as increased incomes, lower income & harvest risks, enhance eco-system services, improved nutrition, strengthen local institutions, gender equality, recognition of custodianship and resilient communities"

Thank you!!

Hugo Lamers!Socio-economics & marketing!

Bioversity International!!

www.bioversityinternational.org!www.fruits4ever.net!

http://tft.atbioversity.net!

With many thanks for:!Dr. Vasudeva (College of Forestry, Sirsi)!Mr. Narasimha Hegde (Lifetrust, Sirsi!Dr. Gajanana (IIHR, Bangalore)!