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1
TreeTree--diagramdiagram
�� A tall manA tall man
NPNP
DetDet NPNP’’
ArtArt AdjPAdjP NN
aa AA manman
talltall
� All the lines in the tree are known by the technical term
branches.
� Each point in the tree that has a category label or else
an actual word attached to it is known as a node.
� We find phrasal nodes NP, VP and PP (nodes denoting
the phrases in the tree), and also S.
� We also see the lexical nodes V, P, D and N (nodes
indicating word-level elements), and the actual lexical
items (words).
� Each node immediately dominates the next node below it, providing they are connected by abranch, and providing no other node intervenes.
� A node which immediately dominates another node or set of nodes is their mother, for example, PP is the mother of P and NP.
� P and NP2 are the daughters of PP.
� In the same vein, the set of daughters sharing the same mother are known as sisters.
�� A tall man in the cornerA tall man in the corner
�� NPNP
��
��
�� DD N'N'
��
��
�� ArtArt AdjPAdjP N'N'
��
�� AA Adj'Adj' NN PPPP
��
��
�� talltall manman PP NPNP
��
��
inin DD N'N'
��
�� ArtArt NN
��
�� thethe corner corner
�� A well written bookA well written book
NPNP
DetDet NPNP’’
aa AdjPAdjP NN
Int AInt A
wellwell
written written
book book
�� A well written book on syntaxA well written book on syntax
NPNP
DetDet NPNP’’
ArtArt APAP NPNP’’
aa Int A Int A N N PPPP
wellwell writtenwritten bookbook PP’’ NPNP
PP N N
onon syntaxsyntax
2
A former linguist with blond hairA former linguist with blond hair
�� NPNP
��
�� DD NP'NP'
��
ArtArt AdjPAdjP NP'NP'
��
��
�� AA Adj'Adj' NN PPPP
��
��
�� formerformer linguist linguist PP NPNP
��
��
withwith AdjPAdjP N'N'
��
AdjAdj‘‘ NN
��
�� AdjAdj hairhair
��
�� bblonde londe
Noun Phrase Tree DiagramsNoun Phrase Tree Diagrams
�� that man from Liverpool that man from Liverpool
�� a very recently published booka very recently published book
� a well acclaimed book about a poor man from Liverpool
� a white house near a barn with a collapsed roof
�� my mother and fathermy mother and father
� a classroom with a big screen and a projector
� a poor man’s broken dreams
� Joe’s cute little café with an outdoor terrace in the sun.
Adjective Phrase Tree Diagrams Adjective Phrase Tree Diagrams
�� curious about linguisticscurious about linguistics
�� upset about the newly released bookupset about the newly released book
�� very exciting and dangerousvery exciting and dangerous
�� extremely interested in syntaxextremely interested in syntax
Verb Phrase Tree DiagramsVerb Phrase Tree Diagrams
�� repaired the telephonerepaired the telephone
�� move towards the windowmove towards the window
�� cast a spell on the broomstickcast a spell on the broomstick
�� draw beautiful picturesdraw beautiful pictures
�� saw a person from Spainsaw a person from Spain
� send my mother a bouquet of flowers
� tell the truth to their friends
� found the guilty children
� found the children guilty
�� Kim bought that book with her first wages.Kim bought that book with her first wages.
SS
NP VPNP VP
NN VPVP’’ PPPP
Kim V NP P NPKim V NP P NP
bought Det N Det NPbought Det N Det NP’’
that book that book Adj NAdj N
with her first wageswith her first wages
�� My brother applied for this job.My brother applied for this job.
SS
NPNP VPVP
Det N Det N VV’’ PPPP
My brother VMy brother V P NP N
applied applied Det NDet N
for this jobfor this job
3
Draw the tree diagrams for the following Draw the tree diagrams for the following
sentences:sentences:
1.1. Some people are dancing on the beach.Some people are dancing on the beach.
2.2. I bought some books on Syntax yesterday.I bought some books on Syntax yesterday.
3.3. The The beautybeauty’’s kiss turned the frog into a prince.s kiss turned the frog into a prince.
4.4. In her eyes, the room was like a section of a In her eyes, the room was like a section of a
museum of bygones. museum of bygones.