Tree Architecture and Growth Part 2 Slide 2 Secondary Growth
Cambium Wood (Xylem) Phloem Stem and branches Slide 3 Cambium
Cambial meristem Xylem To the inside Phloem To the outside Slide 4
Xylem and Phloem Xylem Wood Water transport Mass transport Phloem
Chemical transport Source sink Active loading Slide 5 Xylem
Tracheids Gymnosperms Vessels angiosperms Slide 6 Conifer Wood
Piece of conifer wood with four annual rings. Meaning of the
letters: TR = transverse section R = radial section TA = tangential
section B = bark AR = annual ring E = early wood L = late wood c =
cambium r = ray rd = resin duct After Strasburger (1967): Lehrbuch
der Botanik Slide 7 Conifer wood After T.L. Rost et al (1979):
Botany, a brief introduction to plant biology. Slide 8 Black walnut
(Fred Sutherland) Slide 9 Early wood Late wood Early wood Laid down
first Lighter Less dense Late wood Laid down later darker in color
denser Slide 10 Slide 11 Juvenile wood Wood formed under the
influence of the apical meristem in the live crown Mature Wood Wood
formed lower down the stem where the influence of the live crown is
much less Juvenile-mature wood distinction is completely different
from heartwood- sapwood distinction. Juvenile wood is formed
throughout the life of the tree not just in young trees. Slide 12
BC Ministry of Forests - Research Branch - Forest Productivity
Section Slide 13 Reaction wood Hardwoods Tension wood Conifers
Compression wood Slide 14 Compression wood Slide 15 Compression
Wood Slide 16 Slide 17 Callous Wood Formed after an injury Fire
scars Slide 18 Slide 19 Ring Widths Crossectional area Matter of
geometry Distance from crown Mechanical stimulation Slide 20 R R
Area of old tree (radius=A) = A 2 Area of new tree (radius=R) =
(A+B) 2 Ring (new growth) = (A+B) 2 - A 2 A B A B If new wood = 75
If tree had diameter of 5 then ring width = 5 If tree had diameter
of 11 then ring width = 3 Slide 21 Stem Form Ring Area Slide 22
Stem Form Ring Width Slide 23 Slide 24 Priorities for Photosynthate
1.Respiration 2.Foliage Fine Roots 3.{Reproduction} 4.Primary
Growth 5.Secondary Growth Secondary Compounds Slide 25 Incomplete
rings Cambial mortality False rings Slide 26 Slide 27 Taper Slide
28 Knots Live knots Dead knots Slide 29 Live Knots Dead Knots Slide
30 Slide 31 Slide 32 Stem Quality Considerations Straightness Ring
characteristics Density Knots
