TRB Welcome

Transportation Hazards and Security Summit & Workshop 2010: Focus on Implementation

Irvine, California 23-26 August 2010

TRB Mission StatementTo provide leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and information exchange, conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisciplinary, and multimodal.

1920: Advisory Board on Highway Research

1924: renamed Highway Research Board

1974: renamed Transportation Research Board

TRB Today

1863 Charter of the National Academy of Sciences

“. . . the Academy shall, whenever called upon by any department of the Government, investigate, examine, experiment, and report upon any subject of science or art . . .”

The work of The National Academies is reported through an Annual Report to Congress

Institute of MedicineHarvey Fineberg, President

Division on Policy and Global Affairs (PGAD)

M.R.C.Greenwood, ChairRichard Bissell, Exec. Dir.

National Research CouncilRalph J. Cicerone, Chair

Charles M. Vest, Vice-ChairE. W. Colglazier, Executive Officer

National Academy of SciencesRalph J. Cicerone, President

The National Academy of EngineeringCharles M. Vest, President

Transportation Research Board (TRB)

Michael R. Morris, ChairRobert Skinner, Exec. Dir.

Institute of Medicine (IOM) Programs

Harvey Fineberg, ChairJudith Salerno, Exec. Officer

Division on Behavioral & Social Sciences & Education (DBASSE)

Richard Atkinson, ChairMichael Feuer, Exec. Dir.

Division on Earth and Life Studies (DELS)

Barbara A. Schaal, ChairWarren Muir, Exec. Dir.

Division on Engineering & Physical Sciences (DEPS)Cherry Murray, ChairPeter Blair, Exec. Dir.

The National Academies—Private, Nonprofit Congressionally Chartered 1863

Office of Communication

Office of News and Public Information

Report Review Committee

Office of Congressionaland Government Affairs

1916National

Research Council

• Predict: Intelligence and surveillance of targets and means

• Prevent: Disrupt networks, contain threats

• Protect: Harden targets, immunize populations

• Interdict: Frustrate attacks, manage crisis

• Response & Recovery: Mitigate damage, expedite cleanup

• Attribute: Identify attacker to facilitate response

Source: Downey, TRB Annual Meeting 2003

NRC Policy Study released June 25, 2002

Making the Nation Safer: The Role of Science and Technology in Countering Terrorism

5

Biological Research, prepare, distribute response to pathogensChemical/Explosives Sensors & filtersInfo Technology Network security/ER communicationsEnergy SCADA controls/adaptive grid/vulnerabilitiesCities/Infrastructure Emergency responder supportTransportation Layered system securityPeople Trusted spokespersonsComplex Systems Data fusion/data mining/red-teamingCross-Cutting Technology Sensors/robots/SCADAs/systems analysis Deployment Homeland Security Institute, Partnerships among feds/states/locals/universitiesNuclear Control weapons & materials at source

Source: Downey, TRB Annual Meeting 2003

Making the Nation Safer General Strategies and Research Needs

6

Review of DHS’s Approach to Risk Analysis (publication pending)

a)

Evaluate the quality of the current DHS approach to estimating risk and applying those estimates in its many management, planning, and resource-allocation (including grant-making) activities, through review of a committee-selected sample of models and methods;

b)

Assess the capability of DHS risk analysis methods to appropriately represent and analyze risks from across the Department’s spectrum of activities and responsibilities, including both terrorist threats and natural disasters;

c)

Assess the capability of DHS risk analysis methods to support DHS decision-making;

d)

Review the feasibility of creating integrated risk analyses covering the entire DHS program areas, including both terrorist threats and natural disasters, and make recommendations for best practices, including outreach and communications;

e)

Recommend how DHS can improve its risk analyses and how those analyses can be validated and provide improved decision support.

This Congressionally-mandated study by the National Academies will review how the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is building its capabilities in risk analysis to inform decision-making. More specifically, the study will address the following tasks:

Developing a Strategy to Counter Terrorism Requires a Roadmap; Each Component of the Roadmap Requires Research

Political, Economic, Cultural Sources

Strategy, Tactics, Capabilities

Offensive/Foreign•Military Strategy and Programs•Intelligence Strategy and Programs•Police and Justice

•International Development•Political Actions•Counter-

and Non-Proliferation

Defensive/Domestic•Preventive Measures•Response Measures•Threat and Risk Analysis

Threat Analysis

Direct Action

SupportDenial

Homeland Security

Why do they hate us?What makes them hate us more?

How can we best allocate scarce HS dollars?Does security deter?

How can we best reduce the supply of terrorists?

Source: Riley, (2004), Reducing the Risks and Consequences of Terrorism, CREATE Conference8

Target

Structural Hardening to Survive Threat (Engineered)

Physical Denial/ Barrier (Eng.)

Facility Screening/ Intrusion Detection (Operations)

State/Local Law Enforcement

DHS –

Weapons/ Explosives/ Bio Chemical Tracking/Control

DHS –

Global IntelligenceDHS -

Immigration

Facility

Damage

Source: Englot, PANY&NJ, 2004

An Infrastructure Owner’s View of a Layered, Integrated Security System

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NCHRP Report 525, Vol. 14 Security 101: A Physical Security Primer for Transportation Agencies (September 2009)

Chapter 1: Risk Management and Risk AssessmentChapter 2: Plans and StrategiesChapter 3: Physical Security MeasuresChapter 4: Security Personnel and TrainingChapter 5: Infrastructure ProtectionChapter 6: Homeland Security

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A Guide to Highway Vulnerability Assessment for Critical Asset Identification and Protection available May 2002

Bridge/Tunnel/Highway Infrastructure Vulnerability Workshops February-March 2003

1. Sacramento, California

2. Albany, New York

3. Austin, Texas

http://security.transportation.org/?siteid=65&pageid=1363http://security.transportation.org/sites/security/docs/guide-VA_Appendices.pdf 11

U.S. Terror Incidents 1999-2004

Source: Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism, Terrorism Knowledge Database. Cited in Protecting America’s Roads, Bridges, & Tunnels: The Role of State DOTs in Homeland Security, AASHTO, 2006. 12

Presidential Disaster Declarations 2000-2010

Source: http://www.gismaps.fema.gov/recent.pdf

Disasters Roundtables January 2001 - present

The Hazards and Disaster Management System

Pre-Impact InterventionsMitigation PracticesEmergency Preparedness PracticesRecovery Preparedness Practices

EVENTS

Post-Impact ResponsesEmergency Activities

(planned and improvised)Recovery Activities

(planned and improvised)

Disaster ImpactsPhysicalSocial

Hazard VulnerabilityHazard ExposurePhysical VulnerabilitySocial Vulnerability

Disaster Event CharacteristicsFrequency

Magnitude of Impact

Predictability

Scope of Impact (spatial and social)Controllability

Duration of Impact

Length of Forewarning

Pre-Impact Trans-Impact Post-ImpactCHRONOLOGICAL TIME

SOCIAL TIME

Source: Facing Hazards and Disasters (NAS, 2006), adapted from Kreps (1985), Cutter (1996), Lindell and Prater (2003)

NCHRP Research Results Digest 333 / TCRP Research Results Digest 90 Natural Hazards Informer Number 4

A Guide to Planning Resources on Transportation and Hazards (September 2009)

Chapter 1: Chapter 1: Introduction to the Disaster CycleChapter 2: Chapter 2: OverviewChapter 3: Chapter 3: The Economy and HazardsChapter 4: Chapter 4: People and HazardsChapter 5: Chapter 5: Infrastructure: Lifelines During DisastersChapter 6: Chapter 6: Land Use, Development, and Natural SystemsChapter 7: Chapter 7: From Theory to Practice: Case StudiesChapter 8: Chapter 8: Conclusion

A Guide to Updating Highway Emergency Response Plans for Terrorist Incidents available May 2002

http://security.transportation.org/sites/security/docs/guide-ResponsePlans.pdf

Emergency Transportation Operations Preparedness & Response Workshops For Statewide Applications

June –

November 20031.

New Mexico

2.

Minnesota3.

Washington

4.

Idaho17

NCHRP Report 525, Vol. 6 Guide for Emergency Transportation Operations (2005)

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Cooperative Research ProgramsNational Cooperative Highway Research Program

Transit Cooperative Research ProgramAirport Cooperative Research Program

National Cooperative Freight Research ProgramHazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program

TRB is Broadly Engaged in Hazards and SecurityTransportation Research Board

Technical ActivitiesCmte on Critical Transp.Infrastructure Protection

Policy Studies IDEA & Countering Terrorism

Panel on Transportation

Administration and Finance Strategic Highway Research Program II

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TRB 2009 Institutional Affiliates Sponsors: Federal Government

U.S. Department of Transportation–

Federal Aviation Administration

–

Federal Highway Administration–

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration

–

Federal Railroad Administration–

Federal Transit Administration

–

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration–

Research and Innovative Technology Administration

Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the InteriorScience and Technology Directorate (S&T), U.S. Department of

Homeland Security U.S. Army Corps of EngineersU.S. Coast Guard

Sources: TRB 2009 Annual Report & TRB E-Newsletter August 10, 2010

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TRB 2009 Institutional Affiliates Sponsors: State Transportation Departments

Alabama Department of TransportationAlaska Department of Transportation and

Public FacilitiesArizona Department of TransportationArkansas State Highway and

Transportation DepartmentCalifornia Department of TransportationColorado Department of TransportationConnecticut Department of TransportationDelaware Department of TransportationDistrict Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationGeorgia Department of TransportationHawaii Department of TransportationIdaho Department of TransportationIllinois Department of TransportationIndiana Department of TransportationIowa Department of TransportationKansas Department of TransportationKentucky Transportation CabinetLouisiana Department of Transportation

and Development

Maine Department of TransportationMaryland Department of TransportationMaryland State Highway AdministrationMassachusetts Executive Office of

Transportation and Public WorksMichigan Department of TransportationMinnesota Department of TransportationMississippi Department of TransportationMissouri Department of TransportationMontana Department of TransportationNebraska Department of RoadsNevada Department of TransportationNew Hampshire Department of TransportationNew Jersey Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNew York State Department of TransportationNorth Carolina Department of TransportationNorth Dakota Department of TransportationOhio Department of TransportationOklahoma Department of TransportationOregon Department of TransportationPennsylvania Department of Transportation

TRB 2009 Institutional Affiliates Sponsors: State Transportation Departments (cont.)

Puerto Rico Department of Transportation and Public WorksRhode Island Department of TransportationSouth Carolina Department of TransportationSouth Dakota Department of TransportationTennessee Department of TransportationTexas Department of TransportationUtah Department of TransportationVermont Agency of TransportationVirginia Transportation Research CouncilWashington State Department of TransportationWest Virginia Department of TransportationWisconsin Department of TransportationWyoming Department of Transportation

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TRB 2009 Institutional AffiliatesTRB Sponsors: Nongovernmental Organizations

–

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials–

American Public Transportation Association

–

American Transportation Research Institute–

Association of American Railroads

Marine Board Sponsors–

Maritime Administration

–

Minerals Management Service, U.S. Department of the Interior–

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

–

Office of Naval Research, U.S. Navy–

Office of the Supervisor of Salvage and Diving, U.S. Navy

–

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers–

U.S. Coast Guard

Sustaining Affiliates–

National Transportation Safety Board

–

Ontario Ministry of Transportation–

Port Authority of New York and New Jersey

–

Surface Transportation Board

78 Sponsors and Sustaining Affiliates 99 Organizational Affiliates from 18 NationsMore than 1,800 Individual Affiliates 24

Transportation Modes & Disciplines Addressed by 200 TRB Standing Committees

Modes•Highways•Public Transportation•Freight Systems•Rail•Air•Marine•Non-Motorized

Disciplines•Policy and Organization•Planning & Environment•Design & Construction•Operations & Maintenance•Safety & Systems Users•Legal Resources

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TRB Technical Activities

1. Committee on Critical Transportation Infrastructure Protection

2. Training, Education and Technology Transfer Subcommittee of the Committee on Critical Transportation Infrastructure Protection

3. Emergency Evacuation Subcommittee of the Committee on Transportation Safety Management

4. Committee on Aviation Security and Emergency Management

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Private Sector

Federal Agencies

Non-Government Organizations

State/Local Government

10,000 TRB Annual Meeting Participants

TRB Annual State Visits to DOTs, Universities, MPOs, Transit Agencies, Ports, Airports & other agency reps

R&D Efforts: Identification of Gaps & Needs (1 of 2)1.

TRB Committee on Critical Transportation Infrastructure Protection shares research results from all sources & identifies research needs

2. AASHTO Special Committee on Transportation Security & Emergency Management identifies and refers research needs

3. NCHRP 20-59 panel funds applied research or refers prioritized requests

30+ other technical meetings

R&D Efforts: Identification of Gaps & Needs (2 of 2) Transportation Research Information Services (TRIS)

Database—World’s Largest (200+ countries)

http://tris.trb.org/

Research Needs Statements (RNS) Database http://rns.trb.org/ Research In Progress (RiP) Database http://rip.trb.org/

R&D Efforts: Process Used to Develop Solutions (1 of 4)

Identification of Funding Sources for Transportation Research Competitive Programs (December 2008)

http://www.trb.org/ResearchFunding/Public/ResearchFunding.aspx

National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP b. 1962) Sept. 15*American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP b. 1992) June 15Federal Transit Administration

Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP b. 2005) April 30Federal Aviation Administration

National Cooperative Freight Research Program (NCFRP b. 2006) July 31Research and Innovative Technology Administration

Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program (HMCRP b. 2006) July 31Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration

R&D Efforts: Process Used to Develop Solutions (2 of 4)

Annual Deadlines for Submitting New Problems for Funding Under TRB Cooperative Research Programs

AASHTO SCOTSEM

Transportation Infrastructure Protection & Emergency ManagementWorkshops

TRB ABE40 Committee

New/Changing Policies

Other Venues

Effective Practices

Issues/Concerns

•Publish•Web postings•Web casts•Workshops•Meetings•Other venues•Policy change/clarification•Training•Standards

Research

Transportation Research Board

Government Agencies

Academia Industry

Cooperative [Applied] Research Programs

•NCHRP -

DOTs •TCRP -

Transit

•ACRP -

Airports•NCFRP -

Freight

•HMCRP -

Hazmat

Research Project Candidates

Ideas to SolutionsWorkshops and Research Connectivity:

Source: adapted from Ferezan, FHWA (March 2009)

Transportation Sector Rationale for An All Hazards Approach to Natural Hazards and Security

1. Safety first: build on the successful experience of the systems approach, and extend the mission of existing safety personnel

2. Build on DOT expertise in response: urban areas work with law enforcement, fire, rescue, and towing and recovery on traffic incident management; statewide presence with emergency contracting, equipment (e.g., communications systems), personnel, and common response to weather emergencies; trained to observe and report

3. Build on transit expertise in security: in urban areas parallel size and location of high-value infrastructure; invested; bring expertise on policing and security; trained to observe and report

4. Make interdependence an asset: transportation depends on, and is depended on, by other critical infrastructures; roads and transit are publicly owned and managed, and house public involvement experts 34

Six Goals for Transportation Security

1. Social: Involve the public--make pre-operational surveillance riskier2. Budget & Policy: Make risk-informed decisions the norm3. Technical: focus on countermeasures & design (instead of

vulnerabilities & threats) with dual benefits4. Operational: quick, layered response with effective surge capability5. Psychological:

for the public, peace of mind/acceptance of risk: security ≈

satisfaction

for the attack planner, transportation is a difficult target, prepare more or attack something easier

6. Intelligence: Support police/military/intelligence by having trained transportation employees report suspicious activities and by making the bad guys stretch out their planning time

35

Six Goals for Transportation Security

Mainstreaming an integrated, high level, all-hazard, National Incident Management System (NIMS)- responsive, multimodal risk management process into major transportation agency programs and activities

Desired Outcome

36

Six Goals for Transportation SecurityDesired Outcome

37

Five Pillars1. A systems approach to emergency management functions

focusing on a holistic approach to risk reduction: A Guide to Planning Resources on Transportation and Hazards (PROTAH)

2. Understanding security fundamentals: Security 101: A Physical Security Primer for Transportation Agencies (Security 101)

3. Organizing to be a reliable partner in emergency management: Guide for Emergency Transportation Operations (ETO)

4. Risk-informed decision support to buy down risk: Costing Asset Protection: An All Hazards Guide for Transportation Agencies (CAPTA)

5. Integrated emergency response planning: A Guide to Emergency Response Planning at State Transportation Agencies (GERPSTA)

2010 (anticipated)

A Guide to Emergency Response Planning at State Transportation Agencies

(NCHRP Project 20-59(23))

2002: Guides to Vulnerability Assessment & Emergency Response Planning

2002-2003: workshops

2004-2005: publications that anticipated NIMS, NRP/NRF, and NIPP.

2009-2010: publications for balloting by AASHTO

Published February 2009:

NCHRP Report 525, Vol. 15

Costing Asset Protection: An All Hazards Guide for Transportation Agencies (CAPTA)

Continuous Development of Risk Management and Emergency Response Planning Guidance

38

1. Research Support for Transit Industrial Control Systems and Cyber Security

2. Role of Transportation in the Incident Command System (ICS) Structure & the National Incident Management System (NIMS) Structure

3. Securing Transportation Structures, Systems & Facilities —

Long Term R&D

Plan4.

Catastrophic Transportation Emergency Management Guidebook

5. Debris Management Handbook for State and Local DOTs

6. Voice and Data Interoperability for Transportation

7. Synthesis of Airport Closings and Emergency Evacuation Problems

8. Improving Local Community Recovery from Disastrous Hazardous Materials Transportation Incidents

9. Hazardous Materials Transportation Risk Assessment: State of the

Practice

10. Regional Transportation Disaster Response Template

11. Integration of Security Training into Routine Operations Training

12. Public Transportation Response Plan for a Pandemic

TRB Announced RFPs on August 19, 2010A.

Fracture-Critical System Analysis for Steel Bridges

B. Recommended AASHTO LRFD Tunnel Design and Construction Specifications

C. Practical Bridge Preservation Actions and Investment Strategies

Security-, Emergency Management-, and Infrastructure Protection-related Projects In Development August 2010

45

TRB Website www.TRB.org

Get involved with TRB www.TRB.org

1.

Serve on a TRB Standing Committee, Subcommittee, or Taskforce

2.

Serve on a Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) Panel

3.

Serve on a Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP 2) Expert Task Group

4.

Join/Support

TRB--Become an Affiliate or Sponsor 5.

Submit a Paper

6.

Exhibit7.

Respond to a Request for Proposals (RFP) or Request for Information (RFI)

8.

Submit an Innovation Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA)

9.

Stay Current -

Subscribe to the TRB E-Newsletter 10.

Follow TRB on Twitter

11. Submit a Research Problem Statement to a Cooperative Research Program

•TR News magazine•Weekly e-Newsletter•Open calls for papers•Open solicitations for

-Research problems-Project proposals-IDEA proposals-Panel nominations

•

Interactive Annual Meeting program

Transportation Research Board Communications and Outreach

November-December 2000

May-June 2005

March –April 2004

www.TRB.orgwww.TRB.org/SecurityPubs = 100+ items

www.TRB.org/NASecurityProducts www.TCRPonline.org

May-June 2007