Transportation in Plants

Bell Ringer - 5 Min

• Why do you need transportation in living organisms? Explain your answer with a suitable example.

Water movement through plants

• How does water move through a plant? – Which part of the plant does water enter?

– Which part of the plant does water leave?

• What do you know already? – With the person next to you discuss for 1 minute

what you already know about the movement of water through plants

Transpiration and Transpiration Pull

• Transpiration is the movement of water molecules through the plant. Up from the roots, through Xylem vessels and evaporating out through the stomata in the leaves.

• During transpiration, water is continually removed from the top of xylem vessels to supply cells in the leaves so pressure at the top of xylem reduces and water flows up.

Transpiration in plants (Video)

• Root hairs give plant roots a large surface area.

• Why do you think they have no chloroplasts?

Evaporation and transpiration

• Evaporation is the process of a liquid turning to gas.

• Transpiration is the release of water vapour from a plant through the leaves, causing water to move through the plant.

Xylem

• The xylem carries water and minerals from the roots to the leaves

• The cellulose cell walls contain extra layers of a chemical called lignin.

• Once xylem cells have formed the xylem they die making long thin vessels for water to move through

Phloem

• The phloem carries dissolved food such as sugars from the leaves to other areas of the plant

• Phloem cells are alive. If they are damaged they cannot work properly.

Xylem & Phloem Xylem Tissue

• made of Tracheid

cells

•transports water from

root to leaves via -

a. Capillary Action

b. Transpiration Pull

Phloem Tissue

• Made of sieve tubes and companion cells

• Transports food (organic molecules) from leaf

to root or vice versa

•sugar transport

Position of xylem and phloem

• In the stem

Position of xylem and phloem

• In the root

Prepared Slide View – Leaf Cross Section

Guard Cells & Stomata

• Allow movement of CO2, H2O & O2 into or out of plant

• Transpiration – movement of water out of leaves (through stoma)

• Guard Cell Regulation

• STOMATA

Potometer

• You can measure water loss by using a potometer

Affecting the rate of transpiration

• You can measure the rate of transpiration using a potometer

• Light intensity

• Temperature increases

• Air movement

• Humidity falls

Transpiration

• When it is sunny the plant will photosynthesise more meaning stomata are open to allow more carbon dioxide in, more water can be lost.

Transpiration

• Wind will blow away molecules near the stomata causing evaporation to increase.

Transpiration • As humidity

increases the rate of transpiration decreases.

• The higher the humidity the more water there is in the air.

• How do you think this affects the rate of diffusion?

Wilting • If a plant is losing

more water than it can replace, it will begin to wilt.

• This will reduce the amount of water lost as the surface area is reduced.

Sink and Source

• http://www.pearsoned.ca/school/science11/biology11/sugartransport.html

1. What is the scientific name for water moving through a plant?

2. What is the name of the vein in plants that water moves through?

3. Give 3 ways that affect the rate of transpiration and explain why.

4. What is a potometer?

5. How does wilting reduce water loss?

Test Yourself

1. What is the scientific name for water moving through a plant?

Transpiration

2. What is the name of the vein in plants that water moves through?

Xylem

3. Give 3 ways in which water is useful in plants

Cools it down when it evaporates, used for photosynthesis, support, carries dissolved minerals

4. How do plants use osmosis to help them regulate water loss?

Water osmoses into or out of the guard cells to open or close stomata. If guard cells are turgid, stomata is open.

5. Give 2 ways in which plants reduce water loss from them

Few stomata, small leaves, stomata on the bottom of leaf, ability to close stomata (waxy cuticle), wilting

6. Why do water particles move out of the air spaces in leaves into the air?

Because there is a higher concentration of water particles in the air space than outside the leaf so the water particles diffuse out of the leaf

To summarise

Transport of Organic Nutrients

translocation is the process of transporting

the manufactured carbohydrates in

photosynthesis via phloem from the leaves

to other parts of the plant

Adaptations of the leaf, stem, and root to three contrasting environments, to include pond, garden, and desert, with emphasis on local examples (where appropriate) and the factors described in the core