Transport and installation of offshore wind turbines...Background and motivation Wind energy – some selected highlights • 5000 BC Egypt . Sailing on the Nile • 200 BC China &

Transport and installation of offshore wind turbines Rune Yttervik, Statoil ASA, TPD RDI UNC RR OWI

MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013


Contents of presentation

• Background and motivation

• Transport and installation on land

• Transport and installation offshore

− Sheringham Shoal

− Integrated operations

− Marine operations

• Challenges

• Weather windows

• Lifting and landing components

• Marine operations in offshore wind - R&D activities in Statoil


Background and motivation Wind energy – some selected highlights

• 5000 BC Egypt . Sailing on the Nile

• 200 BC China & Persia - Windmills for pumping water (China) and grinding grain (Persia and Middle-East).

• 1100 Europe - Windmills for grinding grain are brought to Europe by merchants and crusaders.

• 1300 Holland, France - Pumping water, drainage and irrigation.

• 1700 Europe - Windmills produce around 1500 MW of power.

• 1800 America - Windmills come to America.

• 1887 Scotland - First electricity producing wind turbine (Professor James Blyth in Glasgow).

• 1891 Denmark - The first wind turbine to incorporate modern aerodynamic design principles is built

by Poul La Cour.

• 1931 France - The first vertical-axis turbine, George Darrieus.

• 1930 Soviet Union - A precursor to the modern horizontal wind generator is used in Yalta, generating

100kW.

• 1941 USA - The first multi-MW turbine (1.5 MW) is built in Vermont.

• 1956 Denmark - The Gedser wind turbine is built by Johannes Juul, a former student of Poul La

Cour. This three-bladed turbine inspired many later designs.

• 1960 Germany - Advanced designs, including fibre-glass and plastic blades with variable pitch, are

developed

• 1970 USA - NASA begins research on large wind turbines.

• 1973 World - Oil crisis in 1973 causes government-sponsored research programs within

renewable energy to be launched.

(Germany, Sweden, Canada, Great Britain.

• 1980 USA - The first wind-farm in the World is built in New Hampshire (20 turbines), but is a

failure.

• 1991 UK - The first on-shore wind-farm in UK is opened in Cornwall

• 1991 Denmark - The first offshore wind-farm (11 × 450 kW) is built in Vindeby

• 2003 UK - First offshore wind-farm (North Hoyle, 30 × 2 MW) in the UK is built off the north

Wales coast

• 2009 Norway - The first full-scale floating wind turbine (Hywind Demo) is installed off the south-

west coast of Norway


Electric

First wind-farm

First offshore

wind-farm

First floating

wind turbine


Background and motivation Development of offshore wind turbine size – historical and predicted

• The European Wind Initiative

− R&D programme created by the European wind industry and the European Commission and Member States.

− Objective:

• maintain Europe’s technology leadership in onshore and offshore wind power;

• make onshore wind the most competitive energy source by 2020, with offshore following by 2030;

• achieve a 20% share of wind energy in EU total electricity consumption by 2020;

• create 250,000 new skilled jobs in the EU by 2020.


Background and motivation Development of number of offshore wind turbines – historical and predicted

Source: EWEA Report (2013),

The European Wind Initiative - Wind power research and development to 2020

The figure is made assuming that the average size of a wind turbine in 2030

is 2 MW onshore and 10 MW offshore, in 2020 it is assumed to be 1.5 MW

onshore and 5 MW offshore, and in 2008 it is assumed that the average

size was 1,3 MW onshore and 2 MW offshore.


Background and motivation Conclusion and premise

Several thousand large wind turbines

must be built in Europe every year

over the next 15 years.

This requires a large effort within

design, manufacturing, grid development,

operation, maintenance and, of course,

TRANSPORT and INSTALLATION

Transport on land


http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/view/11816/transporting-62-m-wind-turbine-blades/ www.liftra.com/html/transport_shipping_uk.html/

Repower 6M, 6MW nacelle Goldhofer trailer

Installation on land


2

3 4 1

Going offshore


MARINE OPERATIONS

Transport on water

• Advantages of transport on water:

− Transport many units at the same time

− Transport large units

− No road construction necessary

− No problems with public traffic


http://www.jjuc.no/191

Ugland barge UR96

Transition pieces for

Sheringham Shoal

Image supplied by www.chpv.co.uk, courtesy of Scira Offshore Energy

• Dis-advantages of transport on water:

− Dependent on the weather

− Components are not generally designed for transport and installation offshore

− Need for seafastening (in some cases it is possible that the transport phase is dimensioning for the structure, but this can be the case on shore as well)

http://www.chpv.co.uk/

Transport on water


http://www.jjuc.no/191

Hywind Demo sub-structure tow from Finland to Norway

Monopile and transition piece installation at Sheringham Shoal


Images supplied by www.chpv.co.uk, courtesy of Scira Offshore Energy


Tower, nacelle and rotor installation at Sheringham Shoal


Images supplied by www.chpv.co.uk, courtesy of Scira Offshore Energy

Leviathan

Endeavour


Integrated installation offshore - Beatrice


Source: Repower Systems AG Source: Talisman

Integrated installation offshore – Hywind Demo


Installation of Hywind using tiltable ramp on pipe-laying vessel (integrated installation)



Marine operations – some challenges

Multiple bodies, floating and fixed

Wind

Dynamic system

−𝜔M+ C x=0, 𝜆x = M−1Cx

𝜼 =F𝒂𝑒

𝑖𝜔𝑡

−𝜔2𝑴+ 𝑖𝜔𝑩 + 𝑪

Coupling elements

Ocean waves

Ocean currents

Control systems

Non-stationary

Short duration

Marine operations – establish weather window

• Input:

− Sequence of sub-operations

• Type

• Start time

• Duration (statistical)

• Duration of weather forecast when this is to be included

• Operation limits on one or several parameters (or probability-of-failure approach)

• Forecast limits

− Weather data

• Long time series or statistical representation

• Output

− Statistics of operational duration, waiting on weather, seasonal variations, etc.


MARSIM screenshots

Typical marine operation – lifting and landing components

• Put object on sea bed

• Put object on other

components, floating or fixed

• Crane on floating platform

• Crane on fixed platform


(Nielsen, F. G., Lecture notes in marine operations, NTNU, 2007)

Typical marine operation – lifting and landing components

• Heavy lifts

− Coupled dynamics

− Motion compensation not possible,

W > 1000 tonnes

− Multibody dynamics

• Light lifts

− Minor coupling

− Motion compensation possible,

W < 100 tonnes

− Static deformation of lifting wire

− Vertical oscillation of mass-wire

system

− Mathieu instability


(Nielsen, F. G., Lecture notes in marine operations, NTNU, 2007)

MAROP OWI – R&D activities and plans in Statoil

• Background

− A multitude of different solutions for transport- and

installation of offshore wind turbines exist in the industry.

− Not all are well proven and qualified.

• Purpose

− We wish to develop and use adequate tools for computer

simulation of marine operations in order to evaluate

transport- and installation methods ourselves.

− The tools must contain the functionality required in order

to model the physical systems satisfactorily.

• Method

− Analysis of the actual problem we want to analyse.

− Identification of the equipment and capabilities we need in

order to solve the problem .

− Establish the functionality we must have in our software

tools in order to model the identified equipment and

capabilities.

− Implement and test prioritised functionality


MAROP OWI – R&D activities and plans in Statoil

• Implementing prioritised functionality

• Obtaining and using experimental data for

testing of methods and procedures, important

functionality and dynamic effects

• Developing theory and methods for motion

compensation of mechanisms and systems

• Decision support tool for installation of offshore

wind farms.

• Develop theoretical basis for estimating

statistical properties for responses during

marine operations.

• New (improved) geotechnical model for contact

(impact) between jack-up legs and seabed.


From Vinje, T., Kaalstad, J. P. and Daniel, D W.,

A statistical method for evaluation of heavy lift operations offshore, ISOPE, 1991.

Summary/conclusions

• Several large turbines must be installed in Europe in the coming years

• The largest of these will be installed offshore (for commercial use)

• Different types of offshore wind turbines and transport- and installation methods

− Fixed foundation – sequential (and to some extent integrated)

− Floating foundation – sequential and integrated

• Complex marine operations must be carried out

• Complex dynamic system of floating/fixed structures, environmental loading, control

system and coupling elements

• Many concepts are ‘out there’ – we must be able to evaluate them ourselves ->

R&D within MAROP OWI

• Several interesting challenges for the industry and academia


Transport and installation of

offshore wind turbines

Rune Yttervik

Statoil ASA, TPD RDI UNC RR OWI

www.statoil.com


Documents

Transport and installation of offshore wind turbines...Background and motivation Wind energy – some selected highlights • 5000 BC Egypt . Sailing on the Nile • 200 BC China &