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TRANSNATIONAL CIVIL SOCIETY ADVOCACY
Yuyun Wahyuningrum, Senior Advisor on ASEAN and Human Rights, Human Rights Working Group (HRWG) Indonesia
Sekilas HRWG Indonesia's NGO Coalition for International Human Rights
Advocacy
Didirikan pada tahun 2003 oleh beberapa LSM yang bekerja di isu yang berbeda tetapi memiliki kesamaan visi untuk memaksimalkan proses demokratisasi di Indonesia untuk memastikan kewajiban konstitutional dan internasionalnya untuk perlindungan dan pemajuan HAM di Indonesia
HRWG adalah sebuah koalisi. Pengambilan keputusan tertinggi adalah Sidang Umum (General Assembly) anggota.
Program dilakukan oleh Working Group (eksekutif) dalam supervisi 5 anggota Pengurus yang dipilih dalam Sidang Umum Anggota
STRATEGIES
IMPACT ORIENTED- memastikan bahwa advokasi internasional membuat dampak di tingkat domestik dengan bekerja dalam koordinasi dengan para pembela hak asasi manusia dan para pemangku kepentingan;
COALITION AND NETWORKING– bekerja bersama dengan masyarakat sipil secara luas dalam mengadvokasi isu-isu nasional di arena nasional dan internasional;
CAPACITY BUILDING- Membangun kapasitas para pembela hak asasi manusia dari masyarakat sipil untuk memperkuat advokasi HAM internasional;
SOUTHERN VOICES- Memgembangkan visi dan suara Selatan di kalangan organisasi masyarakat sipil untuk memberikan perspektif alternatif dalam perdebatan global tentang hak asasi manusia;
COLLECTIVE KNOWLEDGE- Membangun pengetahuan dan mendokumentasikan keterlibatan masyarakat sipil dalam kebijakan hak asasi manusia luar negeri, melalui pemantauan, penelitian dan publikasi;
ACCOUNTABILITY & MONITORING- memastikan bahwa kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia dalam HAM terinformasikan oleh situasi Indonesia dan membawa perspektif masyarakat sipil.
Struktur Program HRWG
Executive Director
UN Advocacy Program
ASEAN Advocacy Program
OIC Advocacy Program
Pendekatan
DOMESTIK
INTERNASIONAL – Peran Indonesia dalam HAM dan
demokrasi di level internasional
AkuntabilitasMonitoring Perubahan (change)
Civil Society Participation in Intergovernmental Regional Formations/Processes (ASEAN, drafting of AHRD)
ASEAN (Association of the Southeast Asia Nations)
10 member countriesEstablished. 1967
ASEAN Charter 15 Dec 2008
It is about building a
democratic dialogue in
ASEAN
Since the adoption of ASEAN Charter in 2008, much was said about engaging civil society, respecting human rights, promoting democracy and about good governance in ASEAN’s high-level statements and documents.
ASEAN Guideline for the Engagement with Civil Society
2006’S GUIDELINE
Member states are still in control of deciding who can in and who cannot
The participation is perceived as privilege
The participation is not understood as RIGHT. It is more like “stick” and “carrot”
The affiliation is used as a way to control
The affiliation to ASEAN is a political issue rather than a only administrative requirement
CSOs are not seen as partners in developing ASEAN Community
2012’S GUIDELINE Generally better than the
2006’s
As a general rule, only a CSO whose membership is confined to ASEAN nationals may be considered for accreditation with ASEAN;
Approval of application for accreditation of a CSO with ASEAN shall be based primarily upon the assessment of the positive contribution which such a CSO could make to the enhancement, strengthening and realisation of the aims and objectives of ASEAN
ASEAN Human Rights Systems
Conventions: Norms/
Instruments
Commission/Committee
ASEAN Human Rights Court??
ACWC 2010
AICHR 2009 ACMW
2008
CS Advocacy Agenda: The 3Cs in Human Rights Architecture
“Commissions” - AICHR & ACWC: Access to Protection Mechanisms?
AICHR Established: 23 Oct 2009 10 Representatives 14 Mandates
No individual complaint Provide advises to ASEAN
sectorial government upon request
Can obtain information on HR issues from Member States
Consult stakeholders Submit Annual Report
ACWC Established: 7 April 2010 20 Representatives (Women
Rights and Child Rights) 16 Mandates
No individual complaint Provide advises to ASEAN
sectorial government upon request
Consult CS, women, children Advocate on behalf of women
and children & encourage ASEAN Member States to improve their situation
Submit Annual Report
Current CS Engagement with Human Rights Mechanisms
AICHR
AICHR only want to meet with those who are affiliated with the ASEAN Charter
The newly adopted AICHR Guideline of Operation silent on CS engagement
After number of rejection and selectivity manner in engaging civil society, on June 22, AICHR conducted a regional consultation on AHRD
Consultation only happen in Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines
CS continue to submit inputs, reports, papers to AICHR
CS is a sensitive issue in AICHR, but during their visit to US, they met US-based CSOs
ACWC
Started with Informal Dinner (2011), Informal Session (2011), Joint-Workshop (2012), Formal Session (2012)
Informal Session: 9 out of 20 Reps attended
Informal Session: 16 out 20 Reps attended
Joint-Workshop: 18 out of 20 Reps attended
Formal Session: 20 Reps attended
Good Result, Good process, substantive discussion, cordial ambiance
Inputs from CS have been included in the reference documents of the ACWC
The initial suggestion to erase civil society” & international standards” in TOR ACWC has been put down
ACWC uses inputs from CS in formulating their positions
“Convention”: Standard-Setting Scenario
ASEAN Charter, Article
14, 2008
Terms of
Reference on
AICHR, 2009
ASEAN Declaration on Human Rights, 2012
Conventions on Human Rights
in ASEAN?
• Article 4.2 of the TOR AICHR: “to develop an ASEAN Human Rights Declaration with a view to establishing a framework for human rights cooperation through various ASEAN conventions and other instruments dealing with human rights”
• Is a“political contract” between power holder with 580 million people in ASEAN on human rights.
• Is the effort to universalize human rights at the regional level, or regionalize the universal political commitment of human rights
Element of CS’s Engagement:
Crossing-over,
Member of the WG,
Assistance for the Reps
Annual CS Performance Report on AICHR
Campaign: Media,
International Community,
public
Communication & Inputs Submissi
on
Knowledge Building
+ Research
Relationship/
Stakeholder
Building
Network-Building
incl. Social Networkin
g
Training and Workshops on ASEAN
human rights
mechanisms
Lobby & Working behind the Scene
Shaping the issues & priorities of ASEAN HR Mechanisms
Standard SettingAgenda SettingInfluencing the
process, decision making & end-result
Pressures: Bottom-up, Top-down
Opinion building
Current Initiatives
Targets of CS
Engagement
ASEAN Leaders
ASEAN Secretar
iatAICH
R
AMM (Foreign Ministers Meeting)
ACWC
ACMW
Committee Permanent Representatives (CPR)
Sectorial Bodies
ASEAN SecGen
ASEAN Forum on Migrant Labor (AFML)Informal Dialogue
w ASEAN SecGen on Human Rights
ACSC/APF
CS Forum to ACMW
CS Forum on AICHR for AMM
CS Forum toACWC
Informal Meeting with Civil Society (Interface Meeting)
Informal Dialogue w ASEC on Communities
Informal Dialogue with CPR
More?
ASEAN Civil Society Conferences/ASEAN Peoples Forums 2005-2012
Year Place The Name of the Event
2005 Shah Alam, Malaysia
1st ASEAN Civil Society Conference (ACSC)
2006 Cebu, the Philippines
2nd ASEAN Civil Society Conference (ACSC)
2007 Singapore 3rd ASEAN Civil Society Conference (ACSC)
2009 Bangkok, Thailand
4th ASEAN Civil Society Conference (ACSC)/ 1st ASEAN Peoples’ Forum (APF)
2009 Hua Hin, Thailand
5th ASEAN Civil Society Conference (ACSC)/2nd ASEAN Peoples’ Forum (APF)
2010 Hanoi, Vietnam 6th ASEAN Peoples’ Forum (APF)
2011 Jakarta, Indonesia
ASEAN Civil Society Conference (ACSC)/ ASEAN Peoples’ Forum (APF) 2011
2012 Phnom Penh, Cambodia
ASEAN Civil Society Conference (ACSC)/ ASEAN Peoples’ Forum (APF) 2012 – March & November
2013 Brunei ?
2014 Myanmar ?
What has been the collective knowledge we produced through 8 years’ ACSC/APF?
• Particularly: Women & Youth, Indigenous People / Ethnic Minority, and CSOs
• Democracy• Human Rights• Transparency• Accountability
• Mainly: ILO, UNFCCC, CEDAW, UNCRC, UNDRIP, &MDGs
• Against unjust FTA, privatization,
• Reject neoliberal economic policies
CSO Participation in Decision
Making Process (1,2,3,6,7)
Adoption of Basic
Universal Values (3,4,5,6,7)
Adoption of UN Bodies’
related Conventions
(1,2,4,5,6,7)
Holistic - rights-based
approach on Development (1,2,4,5,6,7)
ASEAN’s Alternative Regionalism (Source: HRWG Study, 2011)
CSO Platforms in engaging ASEANName frequen
tEngaging the body
ACSC/APF annually ASEAN SUMMIT Head of States/Governments
ASEAN Disability Forum (ADF) annually
ASEAN Youth Forum annually
ASEAN Grass-root People Assembly
annually
ASEAN Community Dialogue annually ASEAN Committee Permanent Representatives (CPR)
CPR
Civil Society Forum to AMM on human rights
annually ASEAN Ministers Meeting (AMM)
Foreign Ministers
Informal Dialogue between CSO and ASG
annually ASEAN Secretary General (ASG)
Secretary General
Jakarta Human Rights Dialogue in ASEAN
annually ASEAN Human Rights Mechanisms
AICHR, ACWC
GO-NGO Forum on Social Welfare & Development
annually ASEAN Senior Official Meeting on SWD
SOM officials
Leaders’ Interface Meeting with CSYear ACSC/APF Process (Track
III/CS)ASEAN ISIS Process (Track II/Think Tank)
2005, Malaysia
1st ACSC/ ASEAN Civil Society Conference in Shah Alam15 Minute MeetingMixed Delegation of 10 and 10 ASEAN Heads of State
2006, Philippines
2nd ACSCNo Interface Meeting with Leaders
APA/ASEAN Peoples’ Assembly by ASEAN ISIS (process recognized by ASEAN Chair) in ManilaNo Interface Meeting with Leaders. Instead Reading of APA Chairman’s Report
2007, Singapore
3rd ACSCNo Interface Meeting with Leaders
ACSC 2007 by SIIA Simon Tay (process recognized by ASEAN Chair)No Interface Meeting with Leaders. Instead Reading of ACSC 2007 Chairman’s Report
Leaders’ Interface Meeting with CSYear ACSC/APF Process (Track
III/CS)
2009, February, Bangkok
4th ACSC (within the 1st ASEAN Peoples’ Forum)30 minute Interface between CS Delegation and ASEAN Heads of StateHua-Hin, Thailand was divided into two sections. The first 15 minutes was for the meeting with CS Delegates and the rest 15 minutes was for those who have been rejected by the Rep of Government (Myanmar and Cambodia)
2009 October, Cha-am
2nd ASEAN Peoples’ Forum/5th ASEAN Civil Society Conference15 minutes, Interface Meeting between CS Delegation (some government appointed) and ASEAN Heads of State (optional)
2010 Hanoi
6th APFNo Interface Meeting with Leaders. Instead CS Reps met with Chair of ASEAN, the Vice Prime Minister of Vietnam.Recognition of the process. ASEAN Chairman’s statement: 2 paragraphs appreciation of organizing of the APF and took note of invaluable inputs from civil society
Leaders’ Interface Meeting with CSYear ACSC/APF Process (Track
III/CS)
2011, Jakarta
•10 persons representing 10 countries•45 minutes (additional 15 mins from earlier agreement 30 mins) •4 speakers (extended from initially only one speaker allowed)•Time: 15:45 – •10+1 (HoS/G + Foreign Min), ASG + DSG Corp and Comm Affairs•Indonesia’s President greets all CS Delegates at the door•Indonesia’s President welcomes CS Delegates, makes speech and allows CS Delegate to speak•All delegates introduce themselves by mentioning the name and followed by “I am from ASEAN”•Indonesia’s President, Malaysia PM Najib, Razak, Thai PM Abishit Vejajiva, and PM Vietnam Nguyen Tan Dzung responded (see Annexes)•Indonesia’s President gives closing remarks and walks toward the CS Delegate and shakes their hand one by one. All leaders follow.
Leaders’ Interface Meeting with CSYear ACSC/APF Process (Track
III/CS)
2012, Phnom Penh
• Head of States met representatives from GONGOs of 8 countries (absent: Indonesia and the Philippines)•30 minutes•Topic: gender and development
2013, Brunei
ADDRESSING GAPS & CHALLENGES How have we been following up our
recommendations to ASEAN? Who should do this task? What would be the follow up mechanisms for this?
Lack of coherence between regional and national efforts
Paternalistic approach in civil society participation
Lack of accountability
Politicization of the participation, people’s voices and inclusion
WAYS FORWARD: FOR DISCUSSION
Expanding spaces for civil society in ASEAN Process – there is a need to discuss how, where, when
We want an INCLUSIVE GOVERNANCE IN ASEAN which reflect the values of inclusivity, accountability, non-discrimination, human rights-based approach, embodied best practices, gender equality, replicable at the national level, with verifiable indicators
Inclusive government indicators: freedom of information, access to participate in all levels matters,