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Transmission PrecautionsTransmission Precautions
Overview of Policy
J. Iverson Riddle Development Center
Intern: Cynthia Attaway BSN, RN The University of N.C. at Greensboro
Overview Significance of PolicyOverview Significance of Policy
Infections are a significant source of morbidity and mortality
Infections result in an estimated 150,000-200,000 hospital admissions per year
Estimated cost of $673 million -$2 billion annually
Death rate for a resident can reach as high as 40%
Objectives for Nursing StaffObjectives for Nursing Staff
Review Transmission Policy.
Specify Transmission protocols with signs.
Identify Personal Protective Equipment with correct precaution.
Outcomes forOutcomes for Nursing StaffNursing Staff
Nursing staff to educate “Team” of Revised Transmission Policy
Nursing staff to monitor “Team” to follow Transmission Precautions
Transmission-Based PrecautionsTransmission-Based Precautions(A.K.A. Isolation Precautions(A.K.A. Isolation Precautions) )
Refers to actions (precautions) implemented in addition to standard precautions.
Actions that are used for residents with documented or suspected infections or colonized with infectious agents.
Implementation of Transmission-Implementation of Transmission-Based PrecautionsBased Precautions
Important for staff to identify the type of transmission precaution needed for the resident
Communication is essential of transmission-precautions to all “Team” members.
Staff to know the appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
PPE readily available
Contact Precautions Contact Precautions
(Yellow Sign)(Yellow Sign)Measures that are intended to
prevent transmission of infectious agents including epidemiological important microorganisms which are spread by direct or indirect contact with the resident or environment.
MRSA
Contact (Special Enteric)Contact (Special Enteric)
Methicillian- Resistant Staphyloccus (MRSA)
Vancomycin- Resistant Enterococci (VRE)
Clostridium Difficile ( C. Diff.)
VREMRSA
C. Diff
Contact ( Special Enteric)Contact ( Special Enteric)
The resident is colonized with MRSA VRE and C. Diff. colonized in the
gastrointestinal tract and continent MRSA or VRE in an intact skin lesion or
wound that is covered with simple dressing
MRSA or VRE in urine and continent or wears briefs where urine is contained.
Droplet PrecautionsDroplet Precautions(Green Sign)(Green Sign)
Respiratory droplets transmit infections directly from the respiratory tract of an infected individual to susceptible mucosal surfaces of the recipient
Facial protection is necessaryCoughing, sneezing, talking,
suctioning, and CPR
Flu
Droplet-Borne Organisms Droplet-Borne Organisms ExamplesExamples
Large particle droplets greater than 5 microns in size
Influenza Mumps Pertussis
Airborne PrecautionsAirborne Precautions
Prevents the transmission of organisms that remain infectious when suspended in the air
Examples: Flu, Varicella Zoster (shingles) and M. Tuberculosis
Management of Airborne Infections Management of Airborne Infections ( Blue Sign)( Blue Sign)
Resident may be transferred to an acute care facility
Single-resident airborne isolation room
Staff caring for the resident should wear mask or respirator
Mycoplasma Tuberculosis
N-95 versus Regular MaskN-95 versus Regular Mask
N-95 Very close fitting Efficient filtration
of airborne particles
Blocks 95% very small particles
Single use
Face Masks
Loose fitting, disposable and physical barrier
Not intended to be used more than once
The Faces of Microorganisms :The Faces of Microorganisms :
Influenza Mycoplasma
(TB)
Clostridium Difficile
MRSA
VRE Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment
Sequence for Donning Personal Protective Equipment
1. Gown
2. Mask
3. Goggles or Face Shield
4. Gloves
Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment
Sequence for Removing Personal Protective Equipment
1. Gloves
2. Goggles or Face Shield
3. Gown
4. Mask
Reasons for Non-ComplianceReasons for Non-Compliance
Family centered environment
Alcohol based hand rub is not safe to be placed inside and outside of doors
Residential living environment
ReferencesReferences Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Guideline for Isolation Precautions www.cdc.gov
Google images J. Iverson Riddle Developmental Center
Policy 3.17 North Carolina Statewide Program for
Infection Control and Epidemiology for (N.C. Spice) Transmission-Based www.unc.edu/depts/Spice/resource.html